由組織整體的觀點，公司能力可區分為技術能力與組織能力。而技術能力可區分為資訊技術能力及非資訊技術能力。本研究重點在探討資訊技術能力的本質以及它對公司績效的影響，並提出一個完整的理論架構，以提供公司建立能力與改善公司績效可依循的藍圖。研究目的在於進一步瞭解資訊技術能力，組織能力與公司績效彼此間的關係。首先，本研究以動態能力觀點來檢視資訊技術能力與組織能力，以及其他相關構念的文獻整理與探討，如資訊綜效與創新性等。其後藉由檢視兩兩構念間的關係，本研究發展了一個完整的研究架構，同時提出數個研究假設以便於進行後續的實證分析。
本研究在實證分析過程中，由台灣的製造業與服務業中蒐集二百一十八家公司樣本並使用結構方程模式來驗證本研究架構。研究結果顯示在資訊技術能力對公司績效的影響模型中：組織能力、資訊綜效與創新性具有完全中介效果。而在組織能力與公司績效的關係，創新性亦具中介效果。此外，本研究亦提出對於資訊綜效與創新性的具信效度的量表，可提供管理人員來衡量公司資訊技術價值所在。最後本研究提出資訊科技能力對公司績效的影響必須在公司同時具資訊綜效與創新性的環境加上動態的組織能力時始可獲得顯著的影響效果。

From the viewpoint of the whole organization, the capabilities of a firm can be classified into technological capability and organizational capability. The technological capability encompasses the information technology (IT) capability and other technical but non-IT capabilities. In this study we focus on the IT capability and its effect on a firm’s performance and propose an integrated framework that provides firms a roadmap to build up their capabilities and improve their performance. The purpose is to advance understanding of the relationship among IT capability, organizational capability, and firm performance. First, we review related literature and elaborate on IT and organizational capability in a dynamic perspective, and literature review for information synergy and innovativeness. Subsequently, we examine the interactions between IT capability and organizational capability, followed by exploring possible relations among information synergy, innovativeness, and firm performance. And then we develop and present a framework that depicts the dynamics of firm performance. Several hypotheses are offered to facilitate an empirical research. Therefore, we collected 218 samples from Taiwanese companies in both manufacturing and service industries in order to examine our proposed model. In this study, we used a structural equation modeling technique to analyze our data. Results show that organizational capability, information synergy and innovativeness fully mediated between IT capability and firm performance. Innovativeness also plays an important role between organizational capability and firm performance. In addition, a valid and reliable measurement instrument for constructs of information synergy and innovativeness is provided from our research. These criteria can provide a necessary metric for accurately assessing the value and performance of IT capability along with its application to management. Finally, we conclude that IT capability must coincide with organizational capability and are mediated by information synergy and innovativeness, thus, IT capability can play an effective and constructive role to promote a firm’s performance.

CONTENT x
LIST OF FIGURES xiii
LIST OF TABLES xiv
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Research Scope and Goals 4
1.3 Limitations of This Study 8
1.4 The Structure of This Study 9
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW 11
2.1 Dynamic Perspective 12
2.2 IT Capability 14
2.2.1 IT Position 17
2.2.2 IT Process 18
2.2.3 IT Path 18
2.3 Organizational Capability 19
2.3.1 Positional Assets 20
2.3.2 Process Capitals 21
2.3.2.1 Process Reach and Richness 21
2.3.2.2 Agility 22
2.3.3 Path Capitals 23
2.3.3.1 Knowledge Reach and Richness 23
2.3.3.2 Entrepreneurial Alertness 24
2.3 Information Synergy 25
2.3.1 Information Dissemination 26
2.3.2 Information Responsiveness 26
2.3.3 Shared Interpretation 27
2.4 Innovativeness 27
2.4.1 Product Innovativeness 29
2.4.2 Process Innovativeness 29
2.4.3 Personnel Innovativeness 30
2.4.4 Service Innovativeness 30
2.4.5 Technology Innovativeness 30
2.5 Firm Performance 30
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES 32
3.1 IT Capability and Organizational Capability 32
3.2 Information Synergy and IT Capability 33
3.3 Innovativeness and Information Synergy 34
3.4 Innovativeness and IT Capability 35
3.5 Innovativeness and Organizational Capability 36
3.6 Firm Performance and Information Synergy 37
3.7 Firm Performance and Innovativeness 37
3.8 Information Synergy and Innovativeness as Mediators 38
3.9 The Full Conceptual Framework 41
CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY 43
4.1 Research Design and Method 43
4.2 Operationalization and Measurement of Variables and Pilot Survey 44
4.3 Research Sample and Data Collection Procedures 47
CHAPTER 5 DATA ANALYSIS 50
5.1 Data Screening and Pre-processing approaches 50
5.2 The SEM Approach to Data Analysis 54
5.2.1 The Measurement Models 55
5.2.1.1 Scale Reliability and Convergent Validity 56
5.2.1.2 Discriminant Validity 63
5.2.1.3 Higher-Order Models of the Research Constructs 64
5.2.2 The Structural Models 71
CHAPTER 6 DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 78
6.1 Research Results and Comments 78
6.2 Contributions and Implications of the Study 81
6.2.1 Academic Perspective 81
6.2.2 Managerial Perspective 84
6.3 Study Limitations and Future Research 85
REFERENCES 88
APPENDIX 99

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: 2001-2006 Worldwide Market Volume and Growth Rate of IT Services Sector 2
Figure 1.2: Main Components of the Strategic Planning Process 5
Figure 1.3: Organizational Capability as a Critical Source of Competitive Advantage 7
Figure 2.1: The Research Framework 12
Figure 3.1: The Full Conceptual Framework 42
Figure 5.1: Second-order Model of IT Capability 65
Figure 5.2: Second-order Model of Organizational Capability 67
Figure 5.3: Second-order Model of Information Synergy 68
Figure 5.4: Second-order Model of Innovativeness 69
Figure 5.5: SEM Analysis Result (Full Mediation Model) 72
Figure 5.6: SEM Analysis Result (Partial Mediation Model) 73

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: Some Interpretive Examples of IT capabilities 15
Table 2.2: The Categorization of Different IT Interpretation into Tippins and Sohi’s Classification 17
Table 2.3: The Categorization of Capability in Four Studies 20
Table 2.4: Innovation Typology Comparisons 28
Table 4.1: Sources of Questionnaire Items 46
Table 4.2: Partial Content of CCIS Code 48
Table 5.1: Non-response Bias Test 51
Table 5.2: Demographic Profiles of the Companies (N=218) 53
Table 5.3: The Industry Distribution of the Sample Companies (N=218) 54
Table 5.4: Assessment of consistency reliability indices of each construct 56
Table 5.5: Heuristics for Statistical Conclusion Validity 58
Table 5.6: Final Measurement Properties of IT capability 59
Table 5.7: Final Measurement Properties of Organizational Capability 60
Table 5.8: Final Measurement Properties of Information Synergy 61
Table 5.9: Final Measurement Properties of Innovativeness 62
Table 5.10: Test of Discriminant Validity 63
Table 5.11: Results of Structural Equations Analyses for Full Mediation and Partial Mediation Models 75
Table 5.12: Summary of Total, Direct, and Indirect Effects 76
Table 5.13: Summary of Hypotheses Supported/Not Supported 77
Appendix Table A: Final Survey Items (Chinese) 99
Appendix Table B: Final Survey Items (English) 104
Appendix Table C: Descriptive Statistics of Latent Variables 107
Appendix Table D: Factors Correlation Matrix 108
Appendix Table E: Factors Covariance Matrix 109

REFERENCES
Abernathy, W.J. and Clark, K.B. (1985) ‘Innovation, Mapping the Winds of Creative Destruction’, Research Policy, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp.3-22.
Alavi and Leidner (2001) ‘Review: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues’, MIS Quarterly Vol.25, No.1, pp.107-136
Andreu, R. and Ciborra, C. (1996) ‘Organisational learning and core capabilities development: the role of IT’, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol.5, pp.111-127.
Arthur, B. (1996) ‘Increasing Returns and the Next World Business’, Harvard Business Review, Vol.74, No.4, pp.100-109.
Avlonitis, G.J., Paulina, G., Papastathopoulou, S. P. G. (2001) ‘An Empirically-based Typology of Product Innovativeness for New Financial Services: Success and Failure Scenarios’, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 18, pp.324-342
Baker, W.E.and Sinkula, J.M. (1999) ‘The synergistic effect of market orientation and learning orientation on organizational performance’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Scienc, Vol.27, No.4, pp.411-427.
Barney, J.B. (1991) ‘Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage’ Journal of Management, Vol. 17, pp.99-120.
Bell, M. and Pavitt, K., (1995) ‘The development of technological capabilities’ In Haque, I.U. (Ed.) Trade, Technology and International Competitiveness. The World Bank, Washington.
Bharadwaj, A. S. (2000) ‘A Resource-based perspective on Information Technology Capability and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation’, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp.169-196.
Bharadwaj, A., V. Sambamurthy, R.W. Zmud. (1999) ‘IT capabilities: Theoretical perspectives and empirical operationalization’, Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Information Systems, Charlotte, NC.
Bharadwaj, S., Varadarakam, P.R., and Fahy, J. (1993) ‘Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Service Industries: A Conceptual Model and Research Propositions’, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 57, No.10, pp.1347-1359.
Bogozzi, R.P. and Fornell, C (1982) ‘Theoretical Concepts, Measurement, and Meaning,’ in Vol. 2, Fornell, C. (Ed.) A Second Generation of Mulivariate Analysis: Praeger, pp. 5-23.
Bollen, K.A. (1989) Structural Equations With Latent Variables, Wiley, New York.
Brislin, R.W. (1980) ‘Translation and content analysis of oral and written material’. In H.C. Triandis & J.W. Berry (ed.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology, Vol. 2- Methodology, Boston:Allyn & Bacon, pp.349-444.
Brown, C.V. and Sambamurthy, V. (1999) Repositioning the IT Organization to Enable Business Transformaiton, Pinnaflex Press, Cincinnati.
Brown, J. S. and Hagel III, J. (2003) ‘Does IT matter?’, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 81, No. 7, pp.109-112.
Brynjolfsson, E. (1993) ‘The productivity paradox of information technology’, Communications of ACM, Vol. 36, pp.66-77.
Bullinger, H.J., Warschat, J. and Fisher, D. (2000) ‘Rapid Product Development : an Overview’, Computers in Industry, Vol. 42, pp.99-108.
Bushev, M. (1994) Synergetics: Chaos, Order, Self-organization, World Scientific: Singapore.
Carr, N. G. (2003) ‘IT doesn’t matter’, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 81, No. 5 , pp. 41-49.
Chin, W.W. (1998) ‘The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling’, in G.A. Marcoulides (Ed.) Modern Methods for Business, London, pp.295-336.
Chin, W.W. and Todd, P.A. (1995) ‘On the Use, Usefulness, and Ease of Use of Structural Equation Modeling in MIS Research: a Note of Caution’, MIS Quarterly, Vol.19, No. 2, pp. 237-246.
Clark, C., Cavanaugh, N., Brown, C., and Sambamurthy, V. (1997) ‘Building Change-readiness IT Capabilities: Insights from the Bell Atlantic Experience’, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 21, No.4, pp.425-455
Crawford, M. (1997) New Products Management. Richard D. Irwin, Inc, Homewood, IL.
D’Aveni, R.A. (1994) Hyper-competition: Managing the Dynamics for Strategic Maneuvering, The Free Press, New York.
Davenport, T. H. (1994) ‘Saving IT’s Soul: Human-centered Information Management’, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 72, No. 2, pp.119-131.
Davenport, T. H. (1998) ‘Putting the Enterprise into the Enterprise System’, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 76, No. 4, pp.121-131.
Davenport, T.H., De Long, D.W., and Beers, W.C. (1998) ‘Successful knowledge management projects’, Sloan Managemen Review, Vo. 39, No. 2, pp.43-57
Debackere K, Van, Looy B, Papastathopoulou P. (1998) ‘Managing Innovation in a Service Environment’, In Van Dierdonck R, Van Looy B, Gemmel, P. (Ed.) Services Management: An Integrated Approach, Pitman Publishing, London, pp.387-405
Dewett, T. and Jones, G. R. (2001) ‘The Role of Information Technology in the Organization : a Review, Model, and Assessment’, Journal of Management, Vol.27, pp.313-346.
Eisenhardt, K. M. and Martin, J. A. (2000) ‘Dynamic Capabilities: What are They?’, Strategic Management Journal , Vol. 21, pp.1105-1121.
Ettlie, J. E., Bridges, W. P., O’Keefe R. D. (1984) ‘Organization Strategy and Structural Differences for Radical versus Incremental Innovation’, Management Science, Vol. 30, pp.682-95.
Evans, P.B. and Wurster, T.S. (1999) ‘Getting Real about Virtual Commerce’, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 77, No. 6 , pp.85-94.
Feeny, D.F. and Wilcocks, L.P. (1998) ‘Core IS capabilities for Exploiting Information Technology’, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp.9-21.
Figueiredo, P.N. (2003) ‘Learning processes features: how do they influence inter-firm differences in technological capability-accumulation paths and operational performance improvement?’, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol.26, No.7, pp.655-693
Galbraith, J. R. (1974) ‘Organization Design: An Information Processing View’, Interfaces Vol. 4, No. 5, pp.28-36.
Garcia, R. and Calantone, R. (2002) ‘A Critical Look at Technological Innovation Typology and Innovativeness Terminology: a Literature Review’, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 19, pp.110-132.
Gefen, D. and Ridings, C. M. (2002) ‘Implementation Team Responsiveness and User Evaluation of Customer Relationship Management: a Quasi-Experimental Design Study of Social Exchange Theory’, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vo. 19, No. 1, pp. 47-69.
Gefen, D., Straub, D., and Boudreau, M. (2000) “Structural equation modeling and regression: guidelines for research practice”, Communications of the Association of Information Systems, Vol. 4, No 7, pp.1-79
Goldman, S.L., Nagel, R.N., and Preiss, K. (1995) Agile competitors and Virtual Organizations: Strategies for Enriching the Customer, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Goldratt, E. M., Schragenheim, E., and Ptak, C. A. (2000) Necessary But Not Sufficient, North River Press.
Haag, S., Baltzan, P. and Phillips, A. (2006) Business Driven Technology, McGraw-Hill, Boston, pp.155.
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. and Black, W.C. (1998) Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings, 5th edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C. K. (1994) Competing for the Future: Breakthrough Strategies for Seizing Control of your Industry and Creating the Markets of Tomorrow, Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
Herting, J.R. and Costner, H. L. (2001) ‘Another perspective on the proper number of factors and the appropriate number of steps’, Structural Equation Modeling, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 92-110.
Hill, C.W.L. and Jones, G.R. (2004) Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
Housel, T. and Bell, A.H. (2001) Measuring and Managing Knowledge, McGraw-Hill, Boston, pp.63-76.
Hu, L. and Bentler, P.M. (1999), ‘Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis : Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives’, Structural Equation Modeling, Vol. 6, No.1, pp.1-55.
Jörekog, K.G. and Sörbom, D. (1989) LISREL7: A Guide to the Program and Applications, 2nd edition, Chicago, SPSS Inc.
Kohli, A.K., Jaworski, B.J. and Kumar A. (1993), ‘MARKOR: a measure of market orientation’, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 30, pp.467-477.
Lucas, H.C. (1999) Information Technology and the Productivity Paradox, Oxford University Press, New York.
Maltz, E. and Kohli, A.K. (1996) ‘Market Intelligence Dissemination across Functional Boundaries’ , Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 33, pp. 47-61.
Marsh, H.W., and Hocevar, D. (1985) ‘Application of Confirmatory Factor Analysis to the Study of Self-concept: First and Higher Order Factor Models and Their Invariance Across Groups’, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 97, No.3, pp.562-582.
Marshall, G. J. (2000) ‘Virtual Communities and Their Network Support: a Cybernetics Analysis’, Cybernetics and Systems: An International Journal, Vol. 31, pp.397-415.
McAfee, A. (2003) ‘When too much IT Knowledge is a Dangerous Thing’, MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp.83-89.
McKenney, J.L. (1995) Waves of Change: Business Evolution Through Information Technology, Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
Menon, A., Jaworski, B. J. and Kohli, A. K. (1997) ‘Product Quality: Impact of Interdepartmental Interactions’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 25, pp.187-200.
Myers, S. and Marquis D.G. (1996) Successful Industrial Innovation, National Science Foundation, Washington D.C., pp. 69-71
Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995) The Knowledge Creating Company: How Japanese Firms Create the Dynamics of Innovation, Oxford University Press, New York
Nunally, J.C. and Bernstein, I.H. (1994) Psychometric Theory, Third edition, New York, McGraw-Hill.
Nunnally, J.C. (1967) Psychometric Theory, New York, McGraw-Hill.
Nunnally, J.C. (1978) Psychometric Theory, 2nd edition, New York, McGraw-Hill.
Olin, T. and Shani, A.B. (Rami) (2003) ‘NPD as a Sustainable Work Process in a Dynamic Business Environment’, R & D Management, Vol. 33, pp.1-13.
Olson, E. M., Orville C. W. J., Robert W. Ruekert, J. M. B. (2001) ‘Patterns of Cooperation during New Product Development among Marketing, Operations, and R & D: Implications for Project Performance’, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 18, pp.258-271.
Peter, J.P. (1979), ‘Reliability: A Review of Psychometric Basics and Recent Marketing Practices’, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.16, No.1, pp.6-17.
Powell, T.C., and Dent-Micallef, A. (1997) ‘Information Technology as Competitive Advantage: The Role of Human, Business, and Technology Resources.” Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp.375-405.
Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel, G. (1990) ‘The core competence of the corporation’, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp.79-91.
Raymond, L. and Blili, S. (2000-2001) ‘Organizational Learning as a Foundation of Electronic Commerce in the Network Organization’, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol. 5, No.2, pp.29-45.
Rayport, J. F. and Jaworski, B. J. (2001) Electronic Commerce, McGraw-Hill, Boston.
Ridings, C.M., Gefen, D., Arinze, B. (2002) ‘Some antecedents and effects of trust in virtual communities’, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11, pp.271-295
Ross, J.W., Beath, C.M., and Goodhue, D.L. (1996) ‘Develop Long-term Competitiveness through IT Assets’, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 38, pp.31-45.
Rothwell, R., Gardiner, P. (1988) ‘Reinnovation and Robust Designs: Producer and User Benefits’, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 3, No.3, pp.372-387.
Rowley, J. (2002) ‘Synergy and Strategy in e-business’, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp.215-222.
Sambamurthy, V. (2000) ‘Business Strategy in Hypercompetitive Environments: Rethinking the Logic of IT Differentiation’, In R. W. Zmud and M. F. Price (ed.) Framing the Domains of IT Management: Projecting the Future, Through the Past, Pinnaflex Education Resources, Cincinnati, pp.245-261.
Sambamurthy, V. , Bharadwaj, A., and Grover, V. (2003) ‘Shaping Agility through Digital Options: Reconceptualizing the Role of Information Technology in Contemporary Firms’, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.237-263.
Sambamurthy, V. and Zmud, R.W. (2000) ‘Research Commentary: the Organizing Logic for an Enterprise’s IT Activities in the Digital Era : a Prognosis of Practice and a Call for Research’, Information Systems Research, Vol 11, No. 2, pp.105-114
Sambamurthy, V., and Zmud, R.W. (1997) ‘At the Heart of Success: Organizationwide Management Competencies’, In P.Yetton and C. Sauer (ed.) The Dynamics of IT-Based Organizational Transformation, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp.143-164.
Saxenian, A.E. and Hsu, J.Y. (2001) ‘The Silicon Valley – Hsinchu Connection: Technical Communities and Industrial Upgrading’, Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 10, No.4, pp.893-920.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934) Theory of Economic Development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Segars, A.H. (1997) ‘Assessing the unidimensionality of measurement : a paradigm and illustration within the context of information systems research’, Omega, Vol. 25, No1., pp.107-121
Segars, A.H. and Grover, V. (1993), ‘Re-Examining Perceived Ease of Use and Usefulness: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis’, MIS Quarterly, Vol.17, No.4, pp. 517-525.
Segars, A.H. and Grover, V. (1998), ‘Strategic Information Systems Planning Success: An Investigation of the Construct and Its Measurement’, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp.139-163.
Sircar, S., Turnbow, J.L. and Bordoloi, B. (2000) ‘A Framework for Assessing the Relationship Between Information Technology Investments and Firm Performance’, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 16, No4, pp.69-97.
Slater, S.F. and Narver, J.C. (1995) ‘Market Orientation and the Learning Organization’, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 59, pp.63-74.
Slotegraaf, R. J. and Dickson, P. R. (2004) ‘The Paradox of a Marketing Planning Capability’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp.371-386.
Snow, C.C. and Thomas, J.B. (1994) ‘Field research methods in strategic management: contributions to theory building and testing’, Journal of Management Studies, Vol.31, No.4, pp.457-480.
Song, X. M, Montoya-Weiss, M. M. and Schmidt J. B. (1997) ‘Antecedents and Consequences of Cross-functional Cooperation: a Comparison of R&D, Manufacturing and Marketing Perspectives’, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 14, pp.35-47.
Subramanian, A. and Nilakanta, S. (1996) ‘Organizational Innovativeness: Exploring the Relationship Between Organizational Determinants of Innovation, Types of Innovations, and Measures of Organizational Performance’, Omega, Vol.24, No.6, pp. 631-647.
Teece, D. J., Pisano, G. and Shuen, A. (1997) ‘Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management’, Strategic Management Journal,Vol. 18, No. 7, pp.509-533.
Thatcher, M. E. and Oliver, J. R. (2001) ‘The Impact of Technology Investments on a Firm’s Production Efficiency, Product Quality, and Productivity’, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.17-45.
Thompson, R., Barclay, D.W. and Higgins, C.A. (1995) ‘The Partial Least Squares Approach to Causal Modeling: Personal Computer Adoption and Use as an Illustration’, Technology Studies: Special Issue on Research Methodology, Vol. 2: No. 2, pp.284-324.
Tippins, M. J. and Sohi, R. S. (2003) ‘IT competency and firm performance: is organizational learning a missing link?’, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 24, pp.745-761.
Totterdell, P. , Desmond, L., Birdi, C. and Wall, T. (2002) ‘An Investigation of the Contents and Consequences of Major Organizational Innovations’, International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp.343-368
Tuominen, M., Rajala, A., Moller, K. and Anttila, M. (2003) ‘Assessing innovativeness through organizational adaptability: a contingency approach’, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 25, No.6/7, pp.643-658.
Ulrich D. and Lake, D. (1990) Organizational Capability: Competing from the Inside Out, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
Utterback, J.M., Abernathy, W.J. (1975) ‘A Dynamic Model of Process and Product Innovation’, Omega, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp.639-656.
Weill, P., and Broadbent, M. (1998) Leveraging the New Infrastructure: How Market Leaders Capitalize on Information Technology, Harvard Business School Press, Boston.