臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究有兩個主要目的，其一探討柴油引摰產生戴奧辛之相關因子；其二利用二手資料分析焚化爐鄰近社區居民之戴奧辛負載和空氣中的戴奧辛濃度是否有關。
前者先文獻研究柴油有機氯化物含量和戴奧辛產生之相關性，視碳粒子和燃燒完全狀況而異。本計畫也在檢驗油品的影響，利用T1和T2兩種品牌的柴油進行系列的裂解比較研究。油品T1產生的黑煙比中，低濃度黑煙含有較高量的戴奧辛，油品T2則未必，不同裂解條件試驗顯示，戴奧辛的產生卻和引摰轉速和CO含量有關。
在另一項研究，我們綜合了環保署資助調查的19座垃圾焚化爐附近居民血液中戴奧辛含量加以分析。根據擴散模式採樣顯現的空氣中含量，確實是A區下風的平均最高，兩側B及C區的居間，D區背景值最低。但居民的血中戴奧辛則無此相關，反而是和年齡有關，平均值由18-25歲的13.3 pg WHO-TEQ/g脂，增加到56-65歲23.5 pg WHO-TEQ/g脂，此現象顯示，人體的戴奧辛和其他來源關係較大。

This dissertation work was conducted with two main objectives. One was to investigate factors associated with the dioxin discharge from diesel engines, and the other was using second hand data to measure whether the dioxin burden among community residents living near the municipal waste incinerators (MWIs) associated with the ambient concentration of dioxin from the MWIs.

For the first study, we discussed the association between the contents of organic chloro compounds in the diesel fuel and the amount of dioxin produced. The concentration of dioxin generated from diesel engine was affected by the size of carbon granule and the completion of combustion. A serried experiments were conducted using diesel fuel brands T1 and T2 for the comparison. The average 2 dioxin concentration was higher in the dark smoke than that in the moderate and light smokes when the test was conducted for T1 samples, but not T2 samples. Experiments were also conducted to test the effects of various conditions. The dioxin levels increased as RM and CO increased.

In the other study, we used meta-analysis to sumarize the data obtained from the Environmental Protection Administration, Executive Yuan for the 19 MWIs surveyed in 1999-2003 based on the atmospheric dispersion model. The mean levels of PCDD/FS were the highest in zones A (downwind areas), followed by zones B and C (the side areas) and the least in zones D (background areas). However, there were no distinct differences for mean serum dioxin levels in the blood samples among zones. On the other hand, the age-specific average serum dioxin concentration increased from 13.3 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid among 18-25 years old subjects to 23.5 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid among 56-65 years old subjects. The findings suggest that the serum dioxin levels are associated with other sources.

目錄(I)
圖目錄(III)
表目錄(V)
符號說明(i)
摘要(ii)
英文摘要(iii)
誌謝(iv)
第一章、 導論(1)
1-1 前言(1)
1-2 研究動機(4)
1-2-1 戴奧辛定義(4)
1-2-2 柴油車產生戴奧辛的現況(6)
1-3 文獻回顧(12)
1-3-1 戴奧辛之生成(15)
1-3-2 車輛戴奧辛之排放(17)
1-3-3 戴奧辛之毒性(25)
1-3-4 戴奧辛之生成機制(30)
1-3-5 影響戴奧辛生成的因子(32)
1-3-6 控制降低戴奧辛生成的方式(34)
1-3-7 戴奧辛排放量推估(36)
1-3-8 戴奧辛對環境影響(37)
1-3-9 臺灣地區柴油車戴奧辛排放(39)
1-3-10 柴油車造成戴奧辛等空氣污染源(42)

第二章、 研究目的(51)

2-1研究我國油品含氯量與戴奧辛生成量關係(51)
2-2建立油品含氯量與戴奧辛生成量關係模式(52)
2-3建立柴油車污染量管制策略(54)
2-4柴油車操作之最佳化處理功能(55)
2-5研擬排放污染管制與標準(55)

第三章、 戴奧辛等污染物生成機制(56)

3-1 柴油熱裂解與污染源的關係(56)
3-1-1柴油引擎燃油噴射特性(58)
3-1-2柴油引擎燃燒模式(61)
3-2 探討油品中含氯成份量測及分析(68)
3-3 柴油引擎生成氣體之排放污染物生成濃度(72)
3-3-1戴奧辛生成數據(74)
3-3-2戴奧辛與其他生成氣體濃度之量測結果(79)
3-4 焚化爐與柴油引擎戴奧辛生成機制(85)
3-5 建立柴油車排放戴奧辛管制策略和柴油油品含氯相關規範(89)
3-6 車輛排氣系統煙道污染量推估及採樣技術規範(98)

第四章、 柴油車排放戴奧辛管制機制(106)

4-1 環境與健康風險評估原則(112)
4-2 柴油車排放戴奧辛危害反應評估與擴散評估(115)
4-3 戴奧辛對人體之健康風險評估(119)
4-3-1 健康風險評估模式(119)
4-3-2 焚化爐周遭居民之血液濃度戴奧辛的風險估算(122)
4-4 建立可行方案(122)

第五章、 成果與討論(123)

5-1 油品含氯量與污染排放量的總量推估(123)
5-1-1 柴油車各車種基本排放率及劣化係數計算(123)
5-1-2 污染排放削減量計算討論(124)
5-2 訂定柴油車行駛管制策略及措施降低污染源(126)
5-2-1 車輛行駛里程計算(126)
5-2-2 柴油車車種分類(128)
5-2-3 推估柴油車排放污染等效削減量(129)
5-3 訂定柴油車檢測污染管制標準(131)
5-4 焚化爐附近居民血液中戴奧辛濃度評估(135)

第六章、 結論(147)

第七章、 參考文獻(149)

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