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The motivation of this research lies in quite connectable relationship among Taiwanese education, industry development and labor market. From the viewpoint of labor power to supply and demand of labor market, the occupation classes are still under the influence of the level of education. The supply and demand of the job market is under the influence of the business cycle, industry development and industry dimension. In addition, in the present era of globalization and knowledge-based economy, many different types of employment tend to diversity. After the expansion of higher education in Taiwan, the amount of higher education is largely increasing. The employees will mostly have the college (and above) educational background in the future. Such educational qualifications is no longer the guarantee of high-paid works. There must be part of the higher education squeezed down to do low-paid and low-positioned part-time jobs.
Therefore this research is mainly to understand the characteristics of the employees who engage in full-time and part-time workers, and the sampling characteristics of higher-educated employees who engage in part-time works. We put stress on the difference of job types caused by the major departments. Thus, we choose the important variables that our survey needs from “Human Resource Survey”. We probe into the influence situation of the laborers who engage in the part-time works after the expansion of higher education from three dimensions respectively. The ratio of Taiwanese laborers’ job is rather high as “employees”, accounting for 70%. In order to be standardized and simplified in statistically calculating, we restrict the laborers to “employees” and discuss as follows:
1. The Influence of Individual Level: We use binary logistic regression to analyze and probe into the difference of the work types through sex and marital status, education level/the departments majored, age, the ranks of the occupations, industry category, enterprise scale.
2. The Influence of Total Structural Level: We use linear regression to analyze the influence of the difference of work types in total level of the unemployment rate, economic growth and “Manpower Utilization Survey” for higher education employees. The resources collected by the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, from 1978 to 2005.
3.The Influence of the Expansion of Higher Education: We regard 1999 as a year of demarcation, 1980 as the pre-expanded period, 2005 as the post-expanded period. We compare the expanding degree ratio of the higher education who engage in par-time works within the pre-expanded and post-expanded period and probe into the influence degree of part-time workers with the majored departments.
The result of this survey is no matter the employees who are single or married women, the possibility to do part-time jobs is higher than that of the males (either single or married). However, those women who are higher-educated, the possibility for the single women to do part-time jobs is lower than that of the higher-educated men. From the viewpoint of majored departments, no matter in 1980, 1999 and 2005, the people who study in the departments of Humanities and Social Sciences compared to the other departments are mostly likely apt to do part-time jobs. Among all the age groups, the older the employees are, the more dangerous they are in their part-time jobs. But the higher educations can reduce the danger of doing part-time jobs. In the industry categories, it indicates the possibility that tertiary industry engages in doing part-time jobs is highest. The influence which enterprise scale has on part-time jobs is the ratio of part-time jobs in small enterprise scale is quite high. Unemployment rate has the influence on doing part-time jobs for all the employees, but little influence on economy growth rate.
After the expansion of higher education, the rate of higher educators of all the employees promotes. It also increases the rate of higher education who engage in the part-time jobs. Among all the departments of all the higher education who major, the employees who major in liberal arts are likely to do the part-time jobs.
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