臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

良好的記憶需要適當地使用要旨記憶與逐項記憶，然而，當過度使用要旨記憶時，會產生所謂的「錯誤記憶」。由於老化導致額葉（涉及逐項記憶與錯誤記憶）明顯的結構與功能改變，因此，可以預期老年人傾向較少依賴逐項記憶，而過度依賴要旨記憶，導致老年人與年輕人相比有較多的錯誤記憶。方法學的問題，包括教育程度或語文能力未予以配對且使用的樣本不具代表性（老年人樣本包含中年人的受試者），可能會導致不一致的結果；此外，因為在額葉與顳葉（與情節記憶、監控能力與工作記憶高度相關）體積有性別差異，所以在要旨記憶是否有性別差異需要研究。本研究的目的有四：（1）以DRM典範，探討不同年齡層與性別在要旨記憶是否有差異；（2）探討DRM典範作業的表現與額葉和顳葉神經心理功能測驗表現是否相關；（3）評估DRM典範作業以及與魏氏記憶量表第三版的邏輯記憶分測驗何者適合作為要旨記憶的工具。共96位正常人（18-85歲），分為6組，每位受試者接受DRM典範作業與一組測量額葉和顳葉神經心理功能的測驗。結果發現，在語文DRM典範的要旨記憶沒有顯著的性別與年齡差異，而在圖片DRM典範的要旨記憶有顯著的性別與年齡差異；75-85歲的受試者之要旨記憶比55歲以前的受試者還多；且男性的要旨記憶比女性多。DRM典範作業的表現與額葉和顳葉相關神經心理功能測驗表現有顯著相關。此外，DRM典範比邏輯記憶分測驗更能適當區分出要旨記憶與逐項記憶。因為本研究每一年齡組的人數少，所以需要有進一步的大樣本研究。

Good memory entails adequate use of verbatim and gist memories. However, overreliance on gist memories will result in “false memories.”. Since normal aging leads to obvious structural and functional changes of the frontal lobes, which are involved in verbatim and false memories. Therefore, it is thus expected that elderly adult will tend to depend less upon verbatim memory and more on gist memory, with a consequent manifestation of more false memories than in young adults. Methodological problems, including incompatible participants’ educational levels or verbal abilities and small sample size, might contribute inconsistent findings. Besides, because of gender differences in brain volumes of the frontal and temporal lobes that are highly associated with episodic memories, monitoring abilities, and working memory, the issue of whether there exists gender differences in gist memory deserves investigation. The objectives of this study were as follows: （1） to explore issues of whether there were age and gender differences in gist memory measured by the DRM （Deese-Roediger-McDermott） tasks, （2） to examine the relationship between participants’ performances on the DRM tasks and the frontal and temporal lobe neuropsychological functioning, （3） to contrast the adequacy between the DRM paradigm task and Logical Memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III to measure gist memory. Ninety-six healthy adults with age range from 18-85 years old, and they were divided into six age groups. Each subject received the DRM tasks and a battery of neuropsychological tests measuring frontal and temporal lobe functionings. The results revealed that no age and gender differences were observed on the verbal DRM task. However, significant age and gender differences were revealed on the picture DRM task in which participants with age range 75-85 years old evidenced more gist memories than those participants with age younger than 55 years old, and male participants evidenced more gist memory than female participants. Participants’ performances on the DRM tasks were significantly correlated with those on the frontal-and temporal-related neuropsychological tests. In addition, gist memories and verbatim memories could be differentiated adequately measured by the DRM tasks than by the Logical Memory subtest. Since the small sample of each age group, further study on large scale is merited.

第一章 緒論.....................................1
第二章 文獻探討.................................7
第一節 記憶建構的研究典範...............7
第二節 使用DRM典範研究的原因...........10
第三節 記憶建構的心理機制..............11
第四節 記憶建構的神經機制..............13
第五節 腦部結構與功能的年齡差異型態....16
第六節 年輕人與老年人的錯誤記憶之比較..20
第七節 不同年齡層的錯誤記憶之比較......32
第八節 神經心理測驗的表現與錯誤記憶的
相關............................34
第九節 情節記憶與錯誤記憶的性別差異....37
第十節 研究目的........................42
第三章 研究方法................................45
第一節 研究設計........................45
第二節 研究對象........................45
第三節 研究工具........................47
第四節 研究程序........................51
第四章 研究結果................................53
第一節 DRM典範作業之結果...............53
第二節 額葉與顳葉神經心理功能測驗表現
與DRM典範各記憶功能指標的相關...67
第三節 邏輯記憶分測驗之結果............70
第五章 討論....................................75
第一節 不同年齡與性別在DRM典範作業之
表現............................75
第二節 額葉與顳葉神經心理功能測驗表現
與DRM典範各記憶功能指標的相關...81
第三節 DRM典範與邏輯記憶分測驗.........84
第四節 本研究之限制、貢獻與未來研究方
向..............................86
參考文獻.........................................89
附錄............................................109
附錄一 受試者問卷.....................109
附錄二 語文DRM典範作業之字詞..........110
附錄三 圖片DRM典範作業的其中一組彩色圖
片.............................111
附錄四 研究同意書.....................113

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