臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

高溫循環式流體化床發電鍋爐(Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler，簡稱CFB)以燃燒石油焦來發電，同時避免燃燒後高含硫量之石油焦產生硫氧化物過量排放，故添加石灰石進行脫硫，所產生之副產物，即為CFB副產石灰。
本研究利用水泥-爐石粉膠結系統添加CFB副產石灰為激發效果之技術發展，一方面對CFB副產石灰做品質穩定性之檢驗，做為每批CFB副產石灰摻配爐石粉製作混凝土之可行性判斷依據，並建立資料庫。另外，針對添加CFB飛灰於水泥-爐石粉系統所拌製之混凝土應用，進行現場實廠試拌及現地澆注，同時觀測現地混凝土之使用成效，以及實驗室內之CFB飛灰混凝土耐久性測試，以掌握添加CFB副產石灰所製成混凝土之長期應用成效，供未來推廣副產石灰資源化之用。
研究結果得知，CFB飛灰使用於水泥-爐石粉系統中最佳用量範圍約在20%，而CFB飛灰用量超過25%時，則會造成體積過量膨脹或無法有效抑制乾縮。而在混凝土方面，副產石灰掺配爐石粉製作混凝土，會產生緩凝效應，透過調整使用藥劑，及減少拌和用水量的方式可則使凝結時間可與不添加CFB飛灰之混凝土相近，而參考強度210 kgf/cm2及280 kgf/cm2之配比，在強度方面皆能達到要求。在現地澆注部分，添加CFB飛灰之混凝土鑽心試體抗壓強度亦皆能達到參考強度之要求，現地製作試體耐久性測試結果亦優於為添加CFB飛灰之配比，顯示CFB飛灰為極具潛力之資源化副產品。

Petroleum coke combustion occurs inside the body of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler, referred to as CFB, in order to generate power. To avoid excess emissions of sulfur oxides from the high post-combustion sulfur content of petroleum coke, limestone is added, generating a by-products, namely, lime CFB byproduct.

In this study, the development in the utilization of fly ash from lime CFB byproduct as cement is researched. The quality as cementing materials from lime CFB byproducts were evaluated for various batch. Feasibility of using lime CFB byproducts were then assessed and a database established. In addition, lime CFB cement was used for concrete application. Different mixes were produced and laboratory tests on the durability of concrete made with CFB fly ash were conducted to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of using concrete made from lime CFB byproducts and to evaluate future promotion in the utilization of resources from lime by-products.

Research results show that, CFB fly ash were best used in cement when the fly ash content was about 20%. The use of CFB fly ash by amount of more than 25% will cause excessive volume expansion or uncontrolled shrinkage. In concrete, the use of lime flyash by-product would cause retardation effect during the production of concrete. By adjusting admixtures and reducing the mixing water, the setting time is extended. In comparison to concretes made with non-CFB fly ash with a reference strength intensity of 210 kgf/cm2, the strength of 280 kgf/cm2 produced is able to meet the requirement. The addition of CFB fly ash has met the requirements of compressive strength of the reference concrete. Durability test results have shown that the addition of CFB is better than that of ordinary fly ash, indicating CFB fly ash great potential use as a by-product resources for concrete production.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2研究目的 1
1.3研究內容 2

第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 流體化床鍋爐床技術 4
2.1.1 循環式流體化床鍋爐原理 4
2.1.2 CFB副產石灰種類 6
2.1.3 流體化床燃燒脫硫 6
2.2石膏的水化機理 9
2.3石膏與凝結時間之關係 11
2.4 副產石灰（CFB ash）反應機理 12
2.5 影響副產石灰反應之因素 13
2.5.1 f-CaO及SO3的影響 13
2.5.2 細度對副產石灰（CFB ash）的影響 15
2.5.3 無水石膏使用量影響 16
2.6常見水化產物之種類及特性 18
2.6.1 C-S-H膠體 18
2.6.2 氫氧化鈣（CH） 19
2.6.3 鈣礬石（AFt） 20
2.6.4 單硫型鋁酸鈣（AFm） 20
2.7卜作嵐材料及其影響 21
2.8 CFB飛灰運用於混凝土 21
2.9 CFB副產石灰化性檢驗 22

第三章 實驗材料與方法 25
3.1 試驗材料 25
3.2 試驗設備 28
3.3試驗內容及方法 33
3.3.1 試驗流程 33
3.3.2 試驗方法 37

第四章 CFB飛灰基本性質與耐久性 41
4.1 物理性質 41
4.1.1. CFB飛灰外觀 41
4.1.2 比重與細度 43
4.1.3 強度活性指數 44
4.2 化學成份分析 44

4-3. CFB飛灰強度品質檢驗 46
4.3.1 決定拌合用水量 46
4.3.2 水泥砂漿強度配比試驗 46
4.3.3 抗壓標準強度之建立 47
4.4 現地混凝土試拌規劃及執行情形 49
4.4.1 實驗室之配合設計試驗 50
4.4.2 抗壓強度 51
4.4.3 實廠試拌成效 56
4.5 .體積穩定性試驗 66
4.5.1. 乾燥收縮試驗 67
4.5.2. 抗硫酸鹽侵蝕試驗 69
4.5.3. SO3含量效應檢驗 74
4.5.4 混凝土之耐久性試驗 78

第五章 凝結時間改善策略 81
5.1 CFB飛灰混凝土凝結情形 81
5.2 藥劑對凝結時間之影響 84
5.3 CFB劑量對水泥漿凝結時間之影響 86
5.4 凝結時間改善 88
5.5 改變水膠比與藥劑性質 90

第六章 結論與建議 94
6.1 結論 94
6.2 建議 95

參考文獻 96

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