臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

對於一個全球營運之跨國企業來講，導入ERP 系統不但能減低企業各方面的成本支出，更為企業提供即時準確的決策資訊，以在經營佈局中獲得致勝先機；因為跨國性企業漸趨普遍，跨國經營蔚為風潮之際，跨文化管理勢必成為經營者必需面臨之議題。
跨國企業在面對不同國家的文化、法令制度、貨幣政策等問題，產生了跨文化差異。本研究將探討跨國企業在導入ERP時，如何擬定有效專案之執行策略，與組織文化在導入ERP所帶來之影響與其關鍵成功因素。
本研究藉透過文獻探討蒐集彙整資料，瞭解導入ERP系統之成功關鍵因素，以一跨國企業導入ERP系統之實務個案研究，透過資訊科技相關理論及文獻之分析後，本研究提出四個構面：「管理構面」、「策略構面」 、「文化構面」、「技術構面」對跨國企業在導入ERP所產生之影響，來探討跨國企業組織文化對影響導入ERP之關鍵成功因素與執行策略之擬定，希望提供同業或異業之參考。

For a global transnational enterprise, an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system implementation will not only reduce the business cost of all aspects of expenditure, and will provide more accurate decision-making real-time information in order to grasp winning opportunities on the overall arrangement and management in the market. Because of the transnational enterprises are becoming increasingly common, and the cross-nation operation are becoming a wave of the future, the cross-cultural management is bound to become a topic that business operators must face.

Transnational enterprises are in face of cultures, law systems, monetary policies and other issues in different countries, which have generated cross-cultural differences. This research will explore ERP implementation in transnational enterprises and it should be how to develop an effective project implementation strategy, the impact by the organizational culture on ERP implementation, and the related critical success factors.

This research has been explored through the literature and the data collection, to understanding the critical success factors of ERP system implementation. We use a transnational enterprise which had implemented ERP system as a practical case study. Through the analysis both of theory and of literature that related to information technology, this study submitted four dimensions - Management, Strategy, Culture and Technology for the influence of ERP implementation in a transnational enterprise, to explore the organizational culture of transnational enterprise how to impact the critical success factors and the planning of strategies in ERP system implementation, and hoping to provide reference for the same or different industry.

摘　要 I
Abstract II
誌 謝 IV
目　錄 V
圖索引 VII
表索引 VIII
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究方法 3
1.4 研究範圍與限制 5
第二章 企業資源規劃系統 6
2.1 企業資源規劃系統(ERP) 6
2.2 ERP導入流程 11
第三章 跨國企業之ERP導入 16
3.1 跨國企業之ERP導入 16
3.2 執行策略之影響 17
3.3. 關鍵成功因素 18
第四章 個案研究 22
4.1 組織文化之影響 22
4.2 執行策略之影響 28
4.3 個案分析與討論 31
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 41
5.1 研究結論 41
5.2 未來研究方向 53
參考文獻 54
附錄：(深度訪談綱要) 61

壹、中文文獻
[1]丁虹，「企業文化與組織承諾之關係研究」，國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文，1987年。
[2]中道惠里，「Communication Problems at Japanese Companies in Asian Countries-Malaysia, Philippines and Taiwan」，東亞論壇，452期，2006年6月。
[3]王思峰、林于荻、陳禹辰，「組織文化如何影響知識分享之探索性個案研究」，臺大管理論叢，2006年5月。
[4]王瑩，「焦民：ERP建設要學會“軟硬”兼施」，比特網，2008年11月28。
[5]王繼儒，「中美日三國企業企業文化與組織承諾之比較研究」，淡江大學管理科學研究所碩士論文，1991年。
[6]司徒達賢，「策略管理新論」，智勝文化，2001年。
[7]吳宗璠，資訊管理個案研究方法，資訊管理學報，第四卷，第一期，pp.7-17，(1997).
[8]季延平、蘇昱行、李盛傑，「企業導入ERP 關鍵因素之探討」， 2004年。
[9]林東清，「資訊管理-e 化的企業核心競爭能力」，智勝文化，2005年。
[10]邱敏益，「從組織變革觀點探討國內高科技產業由實施ERP 轉型至e-Business 之過程」，國立高雄第一科技大學資訊管理所碩士論文，2003年。
[11]常昭鳴，「再談：組織與人力資源的望、聞、問、切」，人力資源期�c第30期。
[12]黃鴻，「跨國組織文化、組織承諾對導入ERP 態度之影響—台商企業之個案研究」，國立嘉義大學管理研究所，2005年。
[13]新渡戶稻造，「武士道-日本民族精神的哲學闡釋」，群言出版社，2006年5月。
[14]楊志偉，「以組織變革觀點探討企業資源規劃系統導入的關鍵成功因素」，國立清華大學科技管理研究所碩士論文，2002年。
[15]楓益銘，「企業導入ERP 系統之研究-以4S 互動策略為基礎」，國立台灣科技大學工業管理系碩士論文，2006年。
[16]劉鳳如，「企業導入企業資源規劃(ERP)套裝軟體的策略性目標與重要關鍵因素關係之研究」，台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文，1999年。
[17]劉鳳娟，「日本企業文化」，商場現代化，534期，2008年3月。
[18]劉慧琳，「員工對組織文化及組織學習的認知對其抗拒變革的態度之影響」，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所，2002年。
[19]蔡坤佑，「限制理論下建置企業資源規劃系統(ERP)之關鍵成功因素與導入架構」， 國立台灣大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文，2000年。
[20]鄭震三，「企業資源規劃(ERP)對經營績效之影響」，國立台灣科技大學工業管理系碩士論文，2006年。
[21]應大中、王存國，「企業資源規劃系統之導入研究─從創新擴散的觀點分析」，電子商務學報，第九卷第二期，pp.205-233，2007年06月。
[22]戴志言，「企業資源規劃系統對於企業經營策略影響之研究」，國立中山大學企業管理學系研究所碩士論文，2002年。
[23]戴俊怡，「出版業ERP與網路管理」，中國出版網，2007年12月09日。
貳、英文文獻
[24]Aaker, D. A., "Strategy Market Management", 2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons Inc., pp.201-276,(1988).
[25]Adler, N.J., "International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior", Kent, Boston, MA, (1986).
[26]Aladwani, A, "Change management strategies for successful ERP implementation", Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 266-275 (2001).
[27]AlBanna, S.J., Osterhaus, J., "Meeting the software challenge", Information Systems Management, Vol. 15 No.1, pp.7-16., (1998).
[28]Andrews, K. R., The Concept of Corporate Strategy, New York: Richard D. Irwin, (1980).
[29]Ash, C. G., "A strategic framework for the management of ERP enabled e-business change", European Journal of Operational Research, 111 Vol. 146, Iss. 2, pp. 374-387, (2003).
[30]Baker, B.N., D.C. Murphy and D. Fisher, "Factors Affecting Project Success", in Project Management Handbook, David I. Cleland, William R. King, eds. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, (1983).
[31]Baker, B.N., D.C. Murphy and D. Fisher,"Factors Affecting Project Success", in Project Management Handbook, (1983).
[32]Bancroft, N., Seip, H. and Sprengel, A., "Implementing SAP R/3, 2nd edition", Greenwich: Manning Publications, (1998).
[33]Bingi, P., Sharma, M. K. and Godla, J. K., “Critical Issues Affecting An ERP Implementation”, Information Systems Management, Summer, pp.7-14. (1999).
[34]Bingi, P., Sharma, M. K., and Godla, J. K., “Critical Issues Affecting and ERP Implementation,” Information System Management, Vol. 16, Iss. 5, 7-14, (1999).
[35]Bonoma,T. V. "THE MARKETING EDGE:MAKING STRATEGIES WORK", Hardcover Hardcover, (1985).
[36]Boyacigiller, N., Adler, N. J., "The parochial dinosaur: The organizational sciences in a global context. Academy of Management", 16, 1-32, (1991).
[37]Boynton, A.C., and Zmud, R.W, "An assessment of critical success factors", Sloan Management Review, Vol. 25, 4, pp.17-27, (1994).
[38]Broadbent, M., Weill, P. & D. Clair, “The implications of information technology infrastructure for business process redesign,” MIS Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp.36-44, (1999).
[39]Cerloff, Robert C., Cummins and Jerry C. Wofford, "Association for Business Communication", Edwin A., (1985).
[40]Clark, G. L., "Piercing the corporate veil: the closure of Wisconsin Steel in South Chicago, Regional Studies", 24(5), 405-420, (1990).
[41]Cleland D.I. , King W.R., "Implementing top management plans through project management", Project Management Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 166-184, (1983).
[42]Cleland, D. I., King, W. R., "Systems analysis and project management", New York: McGraw-Hill, (1992).
[43]D.I. Cleland, W.R. King, Systems Analysis and Project Management, Irwin/McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, (1983).
[44]Davison, R., "Cultural complications of ERP", Communications of the ACM, Vol. 45, Iss. 7, pp. 109-118, (2002).
[45]Ferguson, C. R., R. Dickinson, " Critical Success Factor for Directors in the Eighties ," Business Horizons, (1982).
[46]Hammer, M. and J. Champy, "Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for business revolution", HarperBusiness Essentials, (1993).
[47]Hammer, M. and S. Stanton, "How Process Enterprise really work", Harvard Business Review, pp.108-118, (1999).
[48]Hammer, M., "Process Management and the future of six sigma", MIT Sloan Management Review, pp.26-32, (2002).
[49]Hammer, M., "Reengineering work: Don’t automate, Obliterate", Harvard Business Review, pp.104-112., (1990).
[50]Hammer, M., "Why don’t we know more about knowledge? : Focus on the Process", MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol.45, Issue:4, pp.14-18, (2004).
[51]Hammer, M., “Up The ERP Revolution”, Information Week, No. 720, pp. 186, (1999).
[52]Hammer, M., The Agenda: what every business must do to dominate the decade, Three Rivers Press, (2001).
[53]Henderson, J. C. and Venkatraman, N. "Strategic alignment: Leveraging information technology for transforming organizations", IBM System Journal, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp.4-16, (1993).
[54]Hofstede, G., "International Studies of Management and Organization", New York, Vol. 7, no. 1, (1977).
[55]Hofstede, G., Bram, N., Denise D. Ohayv, " Measuring Organizational Cultures: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study Across Twenty Cases", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol:35, pp. 286-316, (1990).
[56]Hofstede, G., Geert, "CULTURES AND ORGANIZATIONS", McGraw-Hill, (2004).
[57]Holland, C. and Light, B., “A Critical Success Factors Model for ERP Implementation,” IEEE Software, Vol. 16, Iss. 3, 30-36, (1999).
[58]Kotter, J. P., "Leading change", New York: Harvard Business School Publishing Company. (1998).
[59]Kotter, J. P., Cohen, D. S., "The heart of change". New York: Harvard Business School Publishing Company, (2002).
[60]Kumar, K. and Van Hillsgersberg, J.,"ERP Experiences and Evolution", Communication of the ACM, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 23-26, (2000).
[61]Laudon, and Laudon, Essentials of Business Information Systems 7th edition, Prentice Hall, (2005).
[62]Laurent, A., “The cross-cultural Puzzle of International Human Resource Management”, Human Resource Management. 25(1), pp.91-102, (1986).
[63]Leavitt, H. J., "Applied Organizational Change in Industry", Structural Technological and Humanistic Approaches, in J. G. March (ed.), Handbook of Organizations, Rand McNally, Chicago, pp. 1144~1170, (1965).
[64]Locke D, "Project Management", New York: St Martins, (1984).
[65]M.H. Martin, "An ERP strategy", Fortune 2 , pp. 95–97, (1998).
[66]Norris, Grant et al.," E-Business and ERP--Transforming the Enterprise", John Wiley & Sons, (2000).
[67]Parr, A.and, Shanks, G. , "A Model of ERP Project Implementation", Journal of Information Technology, Vol.15, Iss. 4 , pp 289-303, (2000).
[68]Patton M. Q., "Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.),Newbury Park, CA: Sage., (1990).
[69]Paul R. Niven, "Balanced Scorecard Step by Step︰Maximizing Performance and Maintaining Results", Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated , (2000).
[70]Paula Martin, Karen Tate, "Getting Started in Project Management", Wiley, (1976).
[71]Peter Drucker, "The Executive in Action", Happercollins, (1996).
[72]Pinto, J. and Slevin, D., "Critical Factors in Successful Project Implementation", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-34, 1, pp. 22-27, (1987).
[73]Porter, M. E. "Competitive Strategy", The Free Press, New York, (1980).
[74]Porter, M. E., "Competitive Advantage", Free Press, New York, N.Y., (1985).
[75]Porter,L., Steers,R., Mowday,R., Boulian, P. "Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Among Psychiatric Technicians", Journal of Applied Psycholocy,59, pp.603-609, (1974).
[76]Richard L. P., "Managing Change and Transition", Harvard Business School Press, (2003).
[77]Sayles L. R., Chandler M. K., "Managing Large Systems", Harper and Row, New York, (1971).
[78]Schein, E.H., "Process Consultation", Vol. 2, (1987).
[79]Schuler, R. S., and Jackson, S. E., "Linking competitive strategies with human resource management practices", Academy of Management Executive, 1(3),pp.207-19, (1987).
[80]Sonnenfeld, J.A., "Managing Career Systems Channeling the Flow of Executive Careers", Homewood, IL: Irwin, (1989).
[81]Summer, M., "Critical success factors in enterprise wide information management system projects", New Orleans, LA, USA, pp297-303, (1999).
[82]Welti, N., "Successful SAP R/3 Implementation: Practical Management of ERP Project", Addison Wesley Longman, (1999).
[83]Wildemann, H., "The Implementation of Computer Integrated Manufacturing System", Munchen, (1990).
[84]Yin, R.K., "Case Study Research: Design and Methods (Revised Edition)", London: Sage, (1989).