臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來國際原油價格逐年攀升，再加上全球環境因為人類的破壞，造成許多無法彌補的傷害。全世界除了積極推動節能減碳等補救措施，更加快腳步尋找替代的新能源以供使用。氫能源是目前非常熱門的替代能源之ㄧ，氫氣與氧氣產生反應後，唯一的產物只有水，不產生二氧化碳，因此被視為潔淨能源。本研究利用微型電漿甲醇-水重組器配合五期環保噴射機車汽油引擎加裝氫氣供應系統分析與開發研究做探討。利用微型電漿甲醇-水重組器可以減低氫氣製造成本，且沒有氫氣儲存和運送之問題，直接由電漿將甲醇-水重組後產生出的富氫氣體(syngas)與汽油燃料混合導入五期噴射機車汽油引擎內燃燒。從實驗結果顯示，有導入富氫氣體的燃燒方式，除可提昇引擎扭力和能源效率外，又可節省油耗約2.23%， CO2和NOx的排放濃度減低約1.8%和29.19%，以達到潔淨能源的效果。

Crude oil price is increasing in recent years, besides, human damage results in unrecoverable harm in this global environment. The whole world is active to set energy saving and carbon reduction such remedial measures into action and also urgent to seek substituent new energy resources for using. Now, hydrogen is one of the popular energy resources. The reactant of hydrogen and oxygen is only water and no carbon dioxide, therefore, hydrogen is viewed as clean energy. This study is the probe of analysis and development about using micro plasma methanol-water reformers and EFI scooter engines fifth with hydrogen supply system. micro plasma methanol-water reformers can decrease the cost of producing hydrogen, furthermore, they don’t have any problems of saving and conveying hydrogen. The reactant, called syngas, of micro plasma methanol-water reformers is directly implemented to EFI scooter engines fifth to burn. The experimental result indicates that in order to gain the achievement of clean energy and new resources development, using the reactant, syngas, of Micro plasma Methanol Steam Reformers to mix gasoline fuel and then implement to engine to burn can upgrade the engine torque and energy efficiency as well as reduce the engine consumption approximately 2.23%, NOx about 29.19%, and CO2 concentration of the pollutants around 1.8%.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究動機與目的 2
1.3研究方法 3
1.4研究範圍與限制 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
2.1氫氣之特性 5
2.1.1 關於氫氣 5
2.1.2 氫氣之產製與儲存 6
2.2氫氣應用於內燃機 8
2.2.1 氫氣的燃燒特性 8
2.2.2 氫引擎的發展 9
2.2.3 混氫汽油引擎之發展 11
2.3重組器 12
2.3.1 重組器燃料之選擇 12
2.3.2 重組器製氫方式 13
2.3.3 燃料進料方式 15
2.4結語 16
第三章 實驗設備與方法 18
3.1實驗設備 18
3.1.1 實驗用引擎 19
3.1.2 引擎動力計 21
3.1.3 燃料消耗計 23
3.1.4 機油冷卻系統 24
3.1.5 廢氣量測儀 25
3.1.6 噴射系統診斷器 27
3.1.7 微型電漿甲醇-水重組器 28
3.1.8 氣相層析儀 31
3.1.9 實驗用燃料 32
3.2實驗方法 32
3.2.1 實驗步驟 32
3.2.2 實驗方法 33
3.3能源效率之計算 36
第四章 實驗結果與討論 37
4.1扭力之比較 37
4.2油耗之比較 39
4.3能源效率之比較 41
4.4 CO之比較 43
4.5 HC之比較 45
4.6 CO2之比較 47
4.7 NOx之比較 49
第五章 結論與建議 52
5.1結論 52
5.2建議 52
5.3未來研究方向 53
參考文獻 54
著作發表 59

[1]Y.Hacohen E.sher (1989) ,〝Fuel consumptiom and emission of SI engine fueled with H2-enriched gasoline.〞IEEE paper No.899403,pp.2485-2490.
[2]L.M. Das, Rohit Gulati, P.K. Gupta (2000),〝A comparative evaluation of the performance characteristics of a spark ignition engine using hydrogen and compressed natural gas as alternative fuels. 〞International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , vol.25, pp.783-793.
[3]S.Orhan Akansu, Zafer Dulger, Na1z Kahraman, T. Nejat Veziroglu (2004),〝Internal combustion engines fueled by natural gas—hydrogen mixtures.〞International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , vol.29, pp. 1527 – 1539.
[4]Gyeung Ho Choia,Yon Jong Chungb,Sung Bin Hanc (2005),〝Performance and emissions characteristics of a hydrogen enriched LPG internal combustion engine at 1400 rpm.〞International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , vol 30,pp.77 – 82.
[5]S.Futamura ,〝The dependence of nonthermal plasma behavior of VOCs on their chemical structures.〞Journal of Electrostatics 42,p51-62(1997).
[6]Hajime Kabashima, Hisahiro Einaga, and Shigeru Futamura ,〝 Hydrogen Generation from Water, Methane, and Methanol with Nonthermal Plasma National Institute of Advanced.〞Science and Technology (2001).
[7]L. Bromberg, D.R. Cohn, K. Hadidi1,J.B. Heywood2 and A. Rabinovich1,〝Plasmatron Fuel Reformer Development and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle Applications.〞Diesel Engine Emission Reduction (DEER) Workshop, 2004 PSFC-JA-05-22
[8] Emonts, B., Hansen, J. B., Jorgensen, S. L., Hohlein, B., Peters, R. ,〝Compact methanol reformer test for fuel-cell powered light-duty vehicles .〞Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 71, pp. 288-293, (1998).
[9] Xi Zhen LIU ,〝Hydregen Production from Methanol Using Corona Discharges .〞Chinese Chemical Letters Vol.14 No.6 p631~633(2003).
[10]Hohlein, B., Boe, M., Bogild-Hansen, J., Brockerhoff, P., Colsman,G. and Emonts, B,〝Hydrogen from methanol for fuel cells in mobilesystems:”, development of a compact reformer.〞Journal of PowerSources, Vol. 61,
pp.143-147 (1996).
[11] Ahmed, S., Kumar, R., Krumpelt,M,〝Methanol Partial Oxidation Reformer.〞
United States Patent, Number:5,942,346(1999).
[12] BP, Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2003
[13] 蔡信行，(2003)代替燃料與再生能源。 HTTP://NR.STPI.ORG.TW/EJOURNA L/NSCM/9205/9205-09.PDF
[14] Palmer, D.（1997年9月13日）．Hydrogen in the Universe．NASA
[15] 「Discovering the Elements」 Presenter: Professor Jim Al-Khalili． Chemistry: A Volatile History． BBC．BBC Four． 2010-01-21．
[16] http://energy.ie.ntnu.edu.tw/web_admin/Periodical_Paper/0500195.doc
[17] 曲新生、陳發林，“氫能技術”，五南出版社，2006年，pp.25-28。
[19] Basic consideration for safety of hydrogen systems, Technique Report, ISO/PDTR 15916, July, 2001.
[18] Canadian Fuel Cell-Commercialization Roadmap, March 2003, Government of Canada.
[20] ‘Hydrogen Use In Internal Combustion Engines’, College of the Desert, December 2001.
[21] S.Verhelst, R. Sierens, “Hydrogen engine-specific properties”, 2001.
[22] The Hydrogen Injection System, Canadian HydrogenEnergy Company, February, 2005.
[23] DOE, Program Plan, p13. For more information on hythane, see S.Foute et al.,tithe Denver Gythane Project—Update, Third NHA Meeting, pp.5-21-5-33. 1999年規劃總報告。
[24] Denver洲政府環保局持續至2010年替代燃料計畫。
[25] Westport Innovations Inc.”Upgraded B Gas Plus Engine for Operation with Hydrogen Blended Natural Gas Fuel”.
[26] Feature Articles-It’s all about U, January, 2003.
[27] D.Karner, J. Francfort., “High-percentage hudrogen/CNG Blend Ford F-150 Operating Summary”, USDOE, January, 2003.
[28] Florida, Delta Air Lines, Ford Partner to Deliver Hydrogen Power.
[29] Creating The Hydrogen Economy-A Step Towards the Zero Emissions Power Generators, Ballard Company, February 2002.
[30] S.Futamura,“The dependence of nonthermal plasma behavior of VOCs on their chemical structures”Journal of Electrostatics 42,p51-62(1997).
[31] Xi Zhen LIU Hydregen Production from Methanol Using Corona Discharges ，Chinese Chemical Letters Vol.14 No.6 p631~633(2003).
[32] Hohlein, B., Boe, M., Bogild-Hansen, J., Brockerhoff, P., Colsman,G. and Emonts, B., “Hydrogen from methanol for fuel cells in mobilesystems:”, development of a compact reformer,”Journal of PowerSources, Vol. 61, pp.143-147 (1996).
[33] Emonts, B., Hansen, J. B., Jorgensen, S. L., Hohlein, B., Peters, R.,“Compact methanol reformer test for fuel-cell powered light-duty vehicles ,”Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 71, pp. 288-293, (1998).
[34] Peppley,B.A. Amphlett,J.C. Kearns,L.M. Ronald, F.M. “Methanol-steam reforming on Cu/ZnO/Al203.part 1 the reaction work,” Applied Catalysis A General,179 pp.21-29 (1999).
[35] Wiese, W., Emonts, B. and Peters, R., “Methanol steam reforming in afuel cell drive system,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 84,pp.187-193, 1999.
[36] Toshiaki Yamamoto Optimization Of nonthermal plasma for the treatment of gas streams Journal of Hazardous Materials B67 p165-181(1999).
[37] Han, J., Kim, I.S., Choi, K.S., “Purifier-integrated methanol reformer for fuel cell vehicles,”Journal of Power Source, 86, pp. 223-227 (2000).
[38] L. Bromberg, D.R. Cohn, K. Hadidi1,J.B. Heywood2 and A. Rabinovich1” Plasmatron Fuel Reformer Development and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle Applications” Diesel Engine Emission Reduction (DEER) Workshop, 2004 PSFC-JA-05-22
[39] Ahmed,S., Kumar, R., Krumpelt,M.,“Methanol Partial Oxidation Reformer,” United States Patent,Patent Number:5,942,346(1999).
[40] Edwards,N.,Ellis, S. R., Forst, J. C., Golunski, S. E., Keulen, A. N.J. van, Lindewald, N. G., Reinkingh, J. G., “On-board hydrogen generation for transport applications: the HotSpot(TM) methanol processor,”Journal of Power Source, 71, pp. 123-128,(1998).
[41] G.J.Rohwein Automotive Ignition Transfer Efficiency ，Society Automotive Engineers Inc 02EFL-204 (2002)
[42] Han, J., Lee, S.M., Hyuksang, C., “Metal membrane-type 25-kW methanol fuel processor for fuel-cell hybrid vehicle” Journal of Power Source, 112, pp. 484-490 (2002).
[43] M. Sundaresan, S. Ramaswamy and R. M. Moore“Steam Reformer/Burner Integration and Analysis for an Indirect MethanolFuel Cell Vehicle Fuel Processor” SAE 01-0539(2001)
[44] 陳鈞琳、林百福、黃道易，“低溫電漿甲醇水-重組器應用於機車五期噴射引擎之研究”，第十三屆車輛工程學術研討會，台灣台北，2008年10月31日。
[45] 陳泓政，“燃料電池用之甲醇重組器氫氣產生研究”，碩士論文，國立成功大學航空太空工程系，2002年6月。
[46] 吳國華，“超音波霧化於燃料電池甲醇重組器製氫之研究”，碩士論文，國立成功大學航空太空工程系，2003年7月。
[47] 林弘民，“燃料電池用自發熱甲醇重組器性能量測與數值模擬”，碩士論文，國立中興大學機械工程研究所，2004年7月。
[48] Ahmed, S., Kumar, R., Krumpelt, M., “Methanol Partial OxidationReformer,” United States Patent, Patent Number：5,942,346, 1999.
[49] Kumar, R., Ahmed, S., Krumpelt, M., “Rapid-start reformer for methanolin fuel-cell vehicles,” Electric & Hybrid Vehicle Technology , 96,pp.123-127, 1996.
[50] SYM R1 125 維修手冊