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研究生:廖珮宇
研究生(外文):Pei-Yu Liao
論文名稱:牛樟芝酒精萃取物對Aβ25-35誘導PC12細胞毒性之保護效果Aβ25-35
論文名稱(外文):Protective Effects of Antrodia cinnamomea Ethanolic Extracts on β-amyloid25-35-Induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 cells
指導教授:張基煌副教授喬長誠教授
指導教授(外文):Chi-Huang Chang ProfessorCharng-Cherng Chyau Professor
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:弘光科技大學
系所名稱:生物科技研究所
學門:生命科學學門
學類:生物科技學類
論文種類:學術論文
畢業學年度:99
語文別:中文
論文頁數:102
中文關鍵詞:阿茲海默症澱粉樣beta蛋白牛樟芝Aβ聚集
外文關鍵詞:Alzheimer's diseaseAmyloid β-proteinAntrodia cinnamomeaAβ aggregation
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阿茲海默症(Alzheimer’s disease)乃屬老年人之神經退化性疾病。其主因為澱粉樣Beta蛋白(Amyloid β-protein, Aβ)於腦皮質產生異常之聚集(polymerization)及堆積(aggregation),導致神經細胞凋亡、以及進行性記憶和認知能力之損傷。
牛樟芝學名為Antrodia cinnamomea,乃屬台灣特有之菇菌類,主要生長於海拔200-200公尺之闊葉林中。富含生物活性成分,而以三萜類化合物居多。文獻顯示,牛樟芝具有抗癌、抗氧化、保肝、以及保護神經等生物活性。
本研究使用Aβ25-35對PC12細胞株誘發細胞毒性,並以牛樟芝酒精萃取物探討其保護效果。其使用之方法為評估Aβ之聚集,胞內鈣離子之遷移,NO、ROS、MDA、TNF-α之水平、Bax/Bcl-2比以及Cleaved caspase-3、8、9活性等各因子隨時間與濃度變化之情形。證諸Aβ25-35誘導PC12細胞株損傷之實驗中,其PC12細胞株存活率穫得改善、胞內鈣離子以及ROS受到抑制,NO、TNF-α、及MDA等水平有效之減少,Bax/ Bcl-2比及Cleaved caspase-3、8、9活性之下降,發現牛樟芝酒精萃取物確可明顯抑制Aβ25-35對PC12細胞株之損傷。另者,若以酒精萃取物預先處理PC12細胞株,亦可達某些程度之保護功能。

Alzheimer's disease, occurring mostly in the elderly, is a neurodegenerative disease. Pathological findings have revealed its etiology is mainly due to the abnormal aggregation and accumulation of Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the cerebral cortex, inducing neuronal apoptosis and progressive loss of memory and cognitive abilities.
Antrodia cinnamomea (A. cinnamomea) (AC) is a unique mushroom species found in Taiwan. Its favored habitant mainly is the broad-leaved plants flourishing at altitude 200-2000 meters deep in the mountain area. It contains huge amount of biologically active ingredients, mostly triterpenoids. AC has become popular with its anticancer, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects.
The effect of the ethanolic extract of AC (EEAC) to protect the PC12 cell line against the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ25-35 was evaluated. The parameters examined included the Aβ aggregation status, the intracellular Ca2+ shift, levels of cytosolic ROS, MDA, NO, TNF-α, ratio Bax/ Bcl-2, and the Cleaved caspase-3, 8, 9. EEAC inhibited aggregation of Aβ25-35 as revealed by the Congo Red and Thioflavin T assays. It improved cell viability and decreased the levels of intracellular Ca2+, ROS, NO, TNF-α, MDA, ratio Bax/ Bcl-2, and Ceaved caspase-3, 8, 9.
We suggest AC can be a feasible alternative adjuvant neuroprotective medicine.

目錄
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………1
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………3
縮寫表………………………………………………………………………………5
目錄…………………………………………………………………………………8
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………12
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………13
第一章 前言………………………………………………………………………16
第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………18
2.1 阿茲海默症…………………………………………………………………18
2.2 β-amyloid與阿茲海默症…………………………………………………20
2.3 Amyloid precursor protein…………………………………………23
2.4 β-amyloid生成……………………………………………………………23
2.5 β-amyloid結構……………………………………………………………25
2.6 β-amyloid aggregation………………………………………………25
2.7牛樟芝………………………………………………………………………29
第三章 研究目的及實驗架構……………………………………………………32
3.1 研究目的……………………………………………………………………32
3.2 實驗架構……………………………………………………………………33
第四章 實驗材料…………………………………………………………………34
4.1 實驗材料:牛樟芝酒精萃取物……………………………………………34
4.2 實驗細胞株…………………………………………………………………34
4.3 實驗試劑……………………………………………………………………35
4.3.1 化學試劑…………………………………………………………35
4.3.2 細胞培養試劑……………………………………………………37
4.3.3 西方轉漬試劑……………………………………………………37
4.3.4 細胞耗材…………………………………………………………38
4.4 實驗設備……………………………………………………………………38
第五章 實驗方法…………………………………………………………………41
5.1 化學成分分析………………………………………………………………41
5.1.1 HPLC分析…………………………………………………………41
5.1.2 總酚類化合物含量之測定………………………………………41
5.1.3 總類黃酮含量之測定……………………………………………42
5.1.4 粗三萜含量之測定……………………………………42
5.1.5 還原力測定………………………………………………………43
5.1.6 DPPH自由基清除能力測定………………………………………44
5.2 PC12 cells培養與保存…………………………………………………45
5.2.1 細胞培養液配製…………………………………………………45
5.2.2 完全培養液配製…………………………………………………45
5.2.3 非完全培養液配製………………………………………………45
5.2.4 PC12 cells之培養………………………………………………46
5.2.5 PC12 cells保存…………………………………………………46
5.2.6 PC12 cells細胞解凍……………………………………………47
5.3 β-amyloid25-35 (Aβ25-35)聚集之效果……………………………48
5.3.1 β-amyloid25-35備製…………………………………………48
5.3.2 牛樟芝酒精萃取物(ACEE)備製…………………………………48
5.3.3 Congo Red染色分析Aβ25-35聚合之情形……………………48
5.3.4 Thioflavin T assay分析Aβ25-35聚集之情形……………49
5.4保護作用之機制評估………………………………………………………50
5.4.1 細胞存活率測定…………………………………………………50
5.4.1.1 β-amyloid25-35之細胞毒性………………………………50
5.4.1.2 牛樟芝酒精萃取物(ACEE)之細胞毒性……………………51
5.4.1.3 ACEE對Aβ25-35細胞毒性之保護作用……………………52
5.4.2 細胞內發炎測定…………………………………………………53
5.4.2.1 一氧化氮生成量………………………………………………53
5.4.2.2 TNF-α生成量…………………………………………………54
5.4.2.3 胞內鈣離子測定………………………………………………55
5.4.2.4 胞內ROS含量…………………………………………………56
5.4.2.5 MDA測定………………………………………………………56
5.4.3 蛋白質定性與定量分析…………………………………………58
5.4.3.1 蛋白質萃取……………………………………………………58
5.4.3.2 蛋白質定量……………………………………………………59
5.4.3.3 聚丙烯醯胺膠體電泳法………………………………………59
5.4.3.4 西方墨點法……………………………………………………60
5.8 統計分析……………………………………………………………………61
第六章 實驗結果與討論………………………………………………………62
6.1 牛樟芝酒精萃取物化學成分分析…………………………………………62
6.1.1 HPLC成分分析……………………………………………………62
6.1.2 牛樟芝酒精萃取物之產率及化學組成…………………………62
6.2 化學氧化力測定……………………………………………………………63
6.2.1 還原力……………………………………………………………63
6.2.2 清除DPPH自由基能力……………………………………………63
6.3 β-amyloid25-35 (Aβ25-35)聚集之檢測……………………………64
6.3.1 利用Congo Red染色分析Aβ25-35 聚合之情形………………64
6.3.2 Thioflavin T assay分析Aβ25-35聚集之螢光表現量……64
6.4 保護作用之機制評估……………………………………………………65
6.4.1 細胞存活率測定…………………………………………………65
6.4.1.1 β-amyloid25-35 (Aβ25-35)之細胞毒性………………65
6.4.1.2 牛樟芝酒精萃取物(ACEE)之細胞毒性……………………66
6.4.1.3 ACEE對Aβ25-35細胞毒性之保護作用……………………66
6.4.2 抗發炎活性………………………………………………………67
6.4.2.1 一氧化氮生成量………………………………………………67
6.4.2.2 TNF-α生成量…………………………………………………68
6.4.2.3 胞內鈣離子濃度測定…………………………………………68
6.4.2.4 胞內ROS含量…………………………………………………69
6.4.2.5 MDA濃度測定…………………………………………………70
6.4.2.6 ACEE對Aβ25-35影響Bax/ BcL-2蛋白表現量之調節功
能………………………………………………………………70
6.4.2.7 ACEE對Aβ25-35影響Cleaved caspase-3蛋白表現量之
調節功能………………………………………………………71
第七章 結論………………………………………………………………………72
第八章 參考文獻…………………………………………………………………73
第九章 附表………………………………………………………………………81
第十章 附圖………………………………………………………………………84
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