臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著科技的進步和生活品質的改善，在開發中國家和已開發國家中，「饑荒」已然不復見，不過也因為現代人生活型態和飲食習慣的改變，使得「肥胖」成為新一代的社會問題，而在台灣兒童及青少年過重及肥胖問題也有日俱增的趨勢。肥胖不但會造成兒童、青少年及成人在生理上不好的影響，從社會心理學的角度來看，肥胖可能也會影響一個人的心理健康及社會關係。在一些文獻中還指出，肥胖者在學習中容易取得不好的學業成績且較不容易上大學，而在出社會後，肥胖對於地位取得也有不好的影響，肥胖者在社會中不易取得好的位置，通常擁有不好的社會發展，所以本研究欲探討在台灣青少年體型是否對其學業成就有所影響。
本研究使用台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫（Taiwan Education Panel Survey, TEPS）進行分析，來探討在青少年時期(高中職、五專階段)的體型對學業成績是否有影響，以及其中的影響機制。分析結果顯示：(1)肥胖對於學業成就有負面的影響，肥胖的女生和男生在學業成就上都有較差的表現，肥胖的影響力並無性別差異；(2)以女生來說，肥胖會透過家庭因素和學校因素對成績產生影響，而對於男生來說，除了自制力和家長教育投資外，其他皆不是肥胖影響學業成就的中介變項，顯示肥胖影響機制有性別差異，肥胖女生在家中和學校可能受到更多的歧視，而使她們有不好的學業成就；(3)肥胖的影響力有隨時間增強的傾向，說明現代社會對體型的要求更加嚴格，再加上台灣社會的特殊風潮，可能使肥胖者在社會環境中受到的歧視增加了，而影響他們在學業上的表現；(4)過瘦對學業成就的影響雖然看似負面，不過在研究中表現出不穩定的狀況，可能是因為社會對於體型的不同要求隨著時間有所變動，而導致在不同時期過瘦可能對男生或女生有不同的影響力。

Weight status is a health condition, but its consequences extend far beyond the realm of health. To illuminate an important route by which the experience of weight status can filter into the status attainment process. This study uses TEPS(Taiwan Education Panel Survey) to explore whether weight status(underweight or obesity) is a possible effect on adolescent's academic performance? and why weight status could affect adolescent's academic performance? The sample which we used is the student who had studied in senior high school, vocational high school and 5-Year Junior College.
Results show that (1) Obesity has a negative impact on academic performance, obese girls and boys both have poor academic performance at school, the negative influence of obesity has no gender difference. (2) Obese girls may have poor academic performance through some family and school factors, such as lower parental educational expectations, the bias and discrimination by peers and teachers. The family and school are two sphere where obese people also may be vulnerable to discriminatory attitudes and fat bias. (3) The negative influence of obesity by adolescent appears to have increased from 2003 to 2007, that may explain the requirements of the body become more stringent, stigmatization of obesity also increase. (4) The influence of underweight on academic performance is not stable, we need more data or information to analysis the "underweight effect".

目錄
第一章 前言………………………………………………………………1

第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………4
第一節　何為肥胖？何為過瘦？…………………………………………………4
第二節　國外文獻--個人體型與學業成就的關聯………………………………6
一、體型對學業成就的影響…………………………………………………8
二、關於體型影響力的性別差異……………………………………………10
三、體型影響學業成就的中介變項…………………………………………12
(一)個人因素……………………………………………………………13
(二)家庭因素……………………………………………………………14
(三)學校因素……………………………………………………………15
第三節　國內文獻--體型與學業成就和職業的關聯…………………………16
一、體型和學業成就與職業…………………………………………………16
二、體型影響學業成就的可能機制…………………………………………17
第四節　文獻小結與提問………………………………………………………18

第三章　資料來源與研究方法…………………………………………20
第一節 資料來源……………………………………………………………20
第二節　變項說明………………………………………………………………21
第三節　因素分析和信度分析…………………………………………………25
第四節　缺失值分析……………………………………………………………27
第五節　資料分析方法…………………………………………………………28

第四章　統計結果分析…………………………………………………29
第一節 樣本資料描述…………………………………………………………29
第二節　體型對學業成就的影響………………………………………………36
第三節　體型影響力的中介變項？……………………………………………39
第四節　中介變項也有胖瘦之分、男女之別？……………………………43

第五章　結論與討論……………………………………………………50
第一節 肥胖對於學業成就有負面影響，且不分男女……………………50
第二節 過瘦對學業成就也有負面的影響？…………………………………51
第三節 男女有別的中介機制…………………………………………………51
第四節 肥胖效果的增強？……………………………………………………53

第六章　研究限制………………………………………………………56

參考文獻…………………………………………………………………58
附錄………………………………………………………………………64

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