臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在國外有相當多文獻指出，父母參與對子女學習表現和問題行為的影響，但很少有人討論父親參與和母親參與之間的差異。因此，本文基於其他研究的討論結果，認為父親參與是偏向子女的行為訓誡，而母親參與則是提升學生認知能力的表現。分析資料是使用TEPS第一波和第二波學生資料，並合併第一波家長問卷，其研究結果發現加入家庭背景，及國一認知能力和問題行為的控制變項後，父親監督功課的參與行為，能顯著降低男生的問題行為；母親的監督功課和參加學校活動，則有顯著提升學生的認知能力。雖然父母參與變項並未提高很多解釋力，但整體結果似乎呈現，父親角色是偏向行為面，而母親參與則偏向認知學習的幫助。

Parental involvement had effect on cognition and behavioral problem of their children. However, there was little discussion about the difference of paternal involvement and maternal involvement. According to discussion result of other researches, this study inferred paternal involvement was related to disciplining children’s behavior, and maternal involvement was related to helping test scores of students in school. This study used TEPS (Taiwan education panel Survey) Wave-1 and Wave-2 students’ data, and combined with Wave-1 parental questionnaire in analysis. The results of my study found that, adding the control variables of family background and grade one scores and behavioral problems in junior high school, monitoring schoolwork of paternal involvement can significantly reduce boys’ behavioral problems, and monitoring schoolwork and attending school activities of maternal involvement can significantly increase the grade points of students. Even though parental involvement variables didn’t improve r-square power for model, overall results seemed to show paternal role was related to behavior aspect, and maternal involvement was related to helping with cognitive learning.

第一章、 緒論...........................................1
第一節、 父母參與的重要性...............................1
第二節、 研究目的......................................3

第二章、 文獻探討.......................................5
第一節、 對子女學習的參與是正向、負向或無效果？............5
第二節、 父母對子女影響—Cognition vs. Behavior.........7
第三節、 父母參與方式的影響.............................9
第四節、 父母參與角色的比較............................12
第五節、 國內研究.....................................15
第六節、 小結與提問...................................18

第三章、 資料、樣本特性與研究方法........................21
第一節、 研究架構與資料說明............................21
第二節、 變項測量.....................................23
第三節、 樣本分佈描述.................................29
第四節、 分析方法與模型...............................32

第四章、 研究結果與分析................................33
第一節、 父母參與跟子女認知能力和問題行為的相關分析......33
第二節、 父母參與對認知能力的結果與詮釋.................35
第三節、 父母參與對問題行為的結果與詮釋.................40

第五章、 結論與討論....................................44
第一節、 母親參與讓子女學習好..........................44
第二節、 父親參與讓男生不偏差..........................45
第三節、 討論........................................46
第四節、 研究限制....................................48

參考文獻.............................................50

中文部分

江民瑜、黃蕙君、林俊瑩，2005，〈國小學生家長參與學校教育之性別差異：以高雄縣市為例〉。教育與社會研究，8：81-114。

李敦仁、余民寧，2005，〈社經地位、手足數目、家庭教育資源與教育成就結構關係模式之驗證：以TEPS資料庫為例〉。台灣教育社會學研究，5（2），頁1-47。

李維特、杜伯納，2006，《蘋果橘子經濟學》。台北：大塊文化。
何瑞珠，1999，〈家長參與子女教育：文化資本和社會資本的闡釋〉。教育學報，27(1)：233-261。

吳璧如，1998，〈教育歷程中家長參與學校教育之研究〉。國教學報，10：1-36。

吳璧如，1999，〈家長參與學校教育之原理分析〉。中學教育學報，6：69-105。

吳璧如，2001，〈家長參與學校教育：實務工作者與學者看法之分析〉。教育研究集刊，47，185-214。

吳璧如，2003，〈母親參與子女學校教育之研究〉。教育研究資訊，47：85-112。

林明地，1999，〈家長參與學校教育的研究與實際：對教育改革的啟示〉。教育研究資訊，7(2)：61-79。

林俊瑩，2006，〈國小家長對子女的教育期望、參與學校教育態度及參與行為之關聯性〉。教育政策論壇，9(1)：177-210。

周新富，2003，〈家庭社會資本組成構面及其與學習結果之關係〉。台灣教育社會學研究，3（2），頁85-112。

梁佳蓁，2009，〈學齡前幼兒父職參與、親子關係及相關因素之探討〉。全國教師在職進修網

張苙雲，2008，台灣教育追蹤長期資料庫：第一波(2001)、第二波(2003)、第三波(2005)、第四波(2007)資料使用手冊【公共使用版電子檔】。中央研究院調查研究專題中心【管理、釋出單位】。

張善楠、王振興，1995，〈學校自主和家長參與－台東縣小學教師對「家長參與學校教育工作」的態度調查〉。發表於國立台灣師範大學教育學系主辦之教育改革：理論與實踐國際學術研討會，台北。

楊巧玲，2002，〈國中學生家長參與子女學校教育之調查研究及社會學分析〉。發表於2002年6 月14 日國立嘉義大學教育學院國民教育研究所主辦：教育政策的社會學分析國際學術研討會。

鄭佳玲，2000，《台南市幼稚園教育「家長參與」之研究》，國立台南師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文，未出版。

蔡毓智，2008，《台灣地區國中生家庭教育資源結構之探究及其與學業表現之關連》，國立政治大學社會學研究所博士論文，未出版。

英文部分

Ballantine, J. H., 1999, ”Getting involved in our children’s education.” Childhood Education, 75, 3, 170-1.

Barnes, G. M., 1984, “Adolescent alcohol abuse and other problem behaviors: Their relationships and common parental influences.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 13, 329-348.

Blau, Peter, and Duncan Otis, 1967, The American Occupational Structure. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Boger, Robert P., Richard P. Richter, and Beatrice Paolucci , 1986, “Parents as Teacher: What Do We Know?” Pp. xx-xx in Child Rearing in the Home and School, edited by Robert Griffore and Robert Boger. Plenum.

Bourdieu, Pierre, and Jean-Claude Passeron , 1977, Reproduction in Education, Society, Culture. Sage Publications.

Catsambis, Sophia, 1998, “Expanding Knowledge of Parental Involvement in Secondary Education: Effects on High School Academic Success” (Report 27). Baltimore, MD: Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed at Risk, Johns Hopkins University.

Coleman, James, 1987, “Families and Schools: Educational Researcher” 16:32-38.

Coleman, James, 1988, “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” American Journal of Sociology 94:S95-S120.

Comer, James P., 1980, School Power: Implications of an Intervention Project. New York: Free Press.

Comer, James. P. and Norris. M. Haynes, 1991, “Parent Involvement in Schools: An Ecological Approach.” Elementary School Journal 91:271-77.

Chodorow, N., 1978, The reproduction of mothering. Berkeley. University of California Press.

Crouter, A. C., Helms-Erikson, H., Updegraff, K. A., & McHale, S. M., 1999, “Conditions underlying parents' knowledge about children's daily lives in middle childhood: Between and within-family comparisons.” Child Development, 70, 246-259.

Desimone, Laura, 2001, “Linking Parent Involvement with Student Achievement: Do Race and Income Matter?” Journal of Educational Research 93:11-30.

DiMaggio, Paul, 1982, “Cultural Capital and School Success: The Impact of Status Culture Participation on the Grades of U.S. High School Students.” American Sociological Review 47:189-201.

Domina, Thurston, 2005, “Leveling the Home Advantage: Assessing the Effectiveness of Parental Involvement in Elementary School.” Sociology of Education, Vol. 78 (July): 233-249

Epstein, Joyce, 1991, “Effects on Student Achievement of Teachers' Practices of Parent Involvement.” Advances in Reading/Language Research 5:261-76.

Epstein, Joyce, 1992, “School and Family Partnerships.” Pp. 1139-51 in Encyclopedia of Educational Research, 6th ed., edited by M. Alkin. Macmillan.

Epstein, Joyce L., 2001, School, Family, and Community Partnerships: Preparing Educators and Improving Schools. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Fantuzzo J. Tighe E. & Childs S., 2000, “Family involvement questionnaire: A multivariate assessment of family participation in early childhood education.” Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(2), 367-376.

Fan, Xitao, 2001, “Parental Involvement and Students' Academic Achievement: A Growth Modeling Analysis.” Journal of Experimental Education 70:27-61.

Fine, Michelle, 1993, “[Ap]parent Involvement: Reflections on Parents, Power, and Urban Public Schools.” Teachers College Record 94:682-710.

Finn, Jeremy, 1989, “Withdrawing from School.” Review of Educational Research 59:117-42.

Ho, Esther Sui-Chu and J. Douglas Willms, 1996, “Effects of Parental Involvement on Eighth- Grade Achievement.” Sociology of Education 69:126-41.

Hendson, A. T., and Berla, N. (Ed.), 1994, A New Generation of Evidence: The Family is Critical to Student Achievement. National Committee for Citizens in Education. Washington, DC.(ERIC, ED375968)

Horn, Laura, and Jerry West, 1992, “ A Profile of Parents of Eight Graders: Statistical Analysis Report.” [NCBS 92-488]. National Center for Education Statistics.

Karther, D. E. and Lowden, F. Y., 1997, “Fostering Effective Parent Involvement.” Contemporary Education. 69, 1, 41-4.

Keith, Timothy Z., 1991, “Parent Involvement and Achievement in High School.” Advances in Reading/Language Research 5:125-41.

Lareau, Annette, 1989, Home Advantage: Social Class and Parental Intervention in Elementary Education. Falmer Press.

Levant, R.F., 1980, “A male perspective on parenting and non-parenting.” (Report NO.CG-015-905). Leipzig, West Germany: International Congress of Psychology. (ERIC Document NO. ED 217 299).

Madigan, Timothy, 1994, “Parent Involvement and School Achievement.” Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, April 7.

Majoribanks, Kevin, 1979, Family Environments? In Educational Environments and Effects, edited by H. Walberg. McCutchan.

McNeal, RalphB Jr., 1995, “Extracurricular Activities and High School Dropouts?” Sociology of Education 68:62-81.

McNeal, Ralph B., 1997, “Are Students Being Pulled Out of High School? The Effect of Adolescent Employment on Dropping Out.” Sociology of Education 70:206-20.

McNeal, Ralph B. Jr., 1999, “Parental Involvement as Social Capital: Differential Effectiveness on Science Achievement, Truancy, and Dropping Out.” Social Forces 78:117-44.

Milne, Ann M, David E. Myers, Alvin S. Rosenthal, and Alan Ginsburg, 1986, “Single Parents, Working Mothers, and the Educational Achievement of School Children?” Sociology of Education 59:125-39.

Muller, Chandra, 1993, Parent Involvement and Academic Achievement: An Analysis of Family Resources Available to the Child. Pp. 77-113 in Parents, Their Children and Schools, edited by Barbara Schneider and James S. Coleman. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.

National Association of Secondary School Principals, 1992, “School and Family Partnerships.” Practitioner 18:1-8.
Pollack, W., 1998, Real boys: Rescuing our sons from the myths of boyhood. New York: Random House.

Radin, Norma, 1982, Primary Caregiving and Role- sharing Fathers. Pp. 173-204 in Michael Lamb (ed.), Nontraditional Families. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Reay, Diane, 1998, Class Work: Mothers' Involvement in their Children's Primary Schooling.London: UCL Press.

Rock, Donald. A., Judith. M. Pollack, and Anne Hafner, 1991, “The Tested Achievement of the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 Eighth Grade Class.” E.D. Tabs [NeES91460]. National Center for Education Statistics.

Sagi, A. (Eds.) & Lamb, M. E., 1983, Fatherhood and family policy.Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Sewell, William H I, and Robert M. Hauser, 1975, Education, Occupation and Earnings: Achievement in the Early Career. Academic Press.

Sheldon, S.B., 2002, “Parents’social network and beliefs as predictors of parent involvement.” The Elementary School Journal, 102(4), 301-316.

Stearns, P. N., 1990, Be a man! Males in modern society. New York: Holmes & Meuer

Stearns, P. N., 1991, “Fatherhood in Historical Perspective: The Role of Social Change.” Pp.28-52. In F. W. Bozett & S. M. H. Hanson (Eds): Fatherhood and families in culture Context. New York: Springer.

Sun, Y., Hobbs, D., & Elder, D., 1994, “Parental Involvement: A Contrast Between Rural and Other Communities.” Paper presented at the Annul Meeting of the Rural Sociological Society, Portland, OR.

Teachman, Jay D., 1987, “Family Background, Educational Resources, and Educational Attainment.” American Sociological Review 52:548-57.

Topping, Keith. J., 1992, “Short- and Long-Term Follow-up of Parental Involvement in Reading Projects.” British Educational Research 18:369-79.

Walberg, Herbert J., 1984, ”Families as Partners in Educational Productivity.” PhiDelta Kappan, Feb., pp. 397-400.

Young, M. D., 1998, “Importance of Trust in Increasing Parental Involvement and Student Achievement in Mexican American Communities.” (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED423587).