臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

雷帕黴素靶蛋白（TOR）和S6激酶（S6 kinase），同隸屬於絲氨酸/蘇胺酸激酶（serine/ threonine protein kinase）類群，主要功能在調控生物發育和生長過程，其中也包含卵黃蛋白的生成。在此研究中，東方果實蠅（Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)）的雷帕黴素靶蛋白基因和S6激酶基因皆被選殖、定序和定性，其命名及基因庫編碼分別為BdTOR（GenBank accession no. FJ167395）與BdS6K（GenBank accession no. GQ203802）。在蟲體（in vivo）的試驗中，成蟲餵食雷帕黴素（rapamycin）或以核糖核酸干擾技術（RNA interference, RNAi）處理，皆可抑制蟲體中雷帕黴素靶蛋白的蛋白活性、減弱卵巢和脂肪體中卵黃蛋白基因（yolk protein gene 1 of B. dorsalis, Bdyp1）的表現，並使雌蟲的卵巢發育延緩。再者，於幼蟲時期餵食雷帕黴素，可導致幼蟲和蛹期發育生長延遲，成蟲體型和卵巢大小皆小於對照組。進一步以即時聚合酶鏈鎖反應（real-time PCR）和西方墨點法（western blot）分析處理樣品，亦皆可發現相關蛋白：雷帕黴素靶蛋白、S6激酶和卵黃蛋白於轉錄和轉譯層次（transcription and translation level）皆受影響，表現量下降，而S6激酶的蛋白活性也減弱。在此系列的分析中，證實雷帕黴素靶蛋白是藉由S6激酶的蛋白活性調控卵黃蛋白的表現。最後，於激素調控的試驗中得知：雷帕黴素靶蛋白、S6激酶兩基因的表現可受到青春激素（juvenile hormone, JH）而提升；並且，青春激素可藉由雷帕黴素靶蛋白的訊息傳遞路徑調控卵黃蛋白基因之表現。

Target of rapamycin (TOR), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is involved in yolk protein synthesis in insects besides regulating a number of growth and developmental processes of an organism. p70 S6 kinase (S6K), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is a downstream target of TOR and an important regulator of protein synthesis responsible for cell growth and reproduction. In the present study, two genes, TOR and S6K were isolated and designated as BdTOR (GenBank accession no. FJ167395) and BdS6K (GQ203802), respectively, from the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Downregulation of BdTOR activity in vivo resulted in a significant reduction in yolk protein transcripts in both fat body and ovary, with a substantial reduction of ovary size. Downregulation of BdS6K activity in the larval stage resulted in the developmental defects of larvae, pupae, and adults with a curtailed yolk protein expression in the fat body throughout the first reproductive cycle with a substantial reduction in ovary size and also repressed the egg development in female fruit fly. All these observations support the involvement of S6K-mediated TOR signaling in the regulation of the yolk protein synthesis and egg development in B. dorsalis. This study also shows that nutrition-mediated larval S6K signaling is important for adult yolk protein expression and egg production in B. dorsalis. Treatment of the female flies with the reproductive hormone, juvenile hormone (JH), significantly increased BdTOR and BdS6K expression, and also Bdyp1 mRNA only in the presence of BdTOR mRNA, in the fat body, indicating that TOR connects the link between JH and yolk protein production.

Abstract in English ……………………………….………………… 1
Abstract in Chinese ……………………………….………………… 2
Note ………………………………………………………………… 3
Chapter 1
Introduction …………….……………………………………………….... 4
Chapter 2
Literature Review ………………………………………………………… 6
Chapter 3
Target of rapamycin in the oriental fruit fly Bactrocea dorsalis (Hendel): Its cloning and effect on yolk protein expression
Abstract....................................................................................17
Introduction ...............................................................................……18
Experimental procedures ...........................................................……19
Results ...........................................................................................…23
Discussion.........................................................................................26
Figures and Tables ............................................................................ 29
Chapter 4
cDNA cloning and characterization of S6 Kinase and its effect on yolk protein gene expression
Abstract....................................................................................33
Introduction......................................................................................34
Experimental procedures .................................................................. 35
Results .............................................................................................. 39
Discussion ........................................................................................ 41
Figures and Tables ........................................................................... 45
Chapter 5
Effect of Hormones on TOR and S6K Gene Expressions in the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis
Introduction......................................................................................52
Experimental procedures .................................................................. 52
Results ................................................................................................54
Discussion .........................................................................................56
Figures and Tables ............................................................................58
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………….…..62
References ..............................................................................................64
Appendix .....……………………………………………………………..76

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