臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

麒麟花無刺的種間雜交種Euphorbia milii ‘Olympus’× E. geroldii ‘rg01’、‘rg02’、‘rg03’、‘rg10’及‘rg12’之花序培養於含有5 mg L-1 BA的1/2 MS培養基，4週後所有花序培養均有芽體再生；其中以‘rg12’擁有最高再生率達63.9%。每一大戟花序平均可再生1.2-2.0個芽體。將‘rg01’、‘rg02’或‘rg12’之單節培殖體分別培養於含2 mg L-1 BA和5 g L-1 洋菜的1/2 MS培養基，每培殖體芽數分別為4.3、3.7或2.8。

E. geroldii自交種子浸泡5 g L-1 Colchicine或0.03 g L-1 Oryzalin 12、24或48 hr後再播種，無獲得任何多倍體植株。E. geroldii子葉期實生苗莖頂滴以Colchicine溶液或塗以5 g L-1 Colchicine之羊毛脂膏，莖頂新梢變異率達28.1%，全部試驗共獲得36株多倍體植株。E. milii × E. geroldii ‘rg12’植株腋芽滴以5 g L-1 Colchicine溶液2天，變異率最高(15.5%)。目前已分離出1株穩定的多倍體變異株‘rg12-M1’。其葉片厚度、苞葉長度、苞葉寬度、苞葉厚度及腺體直徑皆顯著大於‘rg12’者，且具有稔性的花粉，花粉發芽率達56.7%。

大花麒麟E. lomi ‘Sri Aumphorn’雜交E. geroldii獲得2株後代，後代植株的刺由單刺轉換為掌狀刺，或變為較柔軟且較細的單刺，葉片、花序顏色與形態與母本較為相似。利用E. lomi ‘Supo Roek’與無刺近緣種E. millotii進行雜交，授粉後子房會顯著膨大，但授粉後6~8天胚株停止發育且褐化萎縮。若於授粉後5~7 days取其未熟胚培養於不含生長調節劑的1/2 MS培養基，大部分受精卵褐化或產生癒傷組織，僅少數受精卵可直接發育成植株。育成之雜交植株其葉片及莖之性狀介於兩親本之間，如刺由單刺轉變為毛狀多刺，刺的傷害性也較E. lomii ‘Supo Roek’為小；花序顏色及形狀與E. lomi ‘Supo Roek’較為相近。

The cyathiums of Euphrobia milii ‘Olympus’× E. geroldii ‘rg01’、‘rg02’、‘rg03’、‘rg10’ and ‘rg12’ were cultured in half strength MS medium supplemented with 5 mg L-1 BA. After 4 weeks, shoots were reversed from cultured cyathiums. The highest reversion rate was in ‘rg12’(63.9%), and 1.2-2.0 shoots were reversed from each cyathium. The higher multiplication of single-node explant of ‘rg01’, ‘rg02’ and ‘rg12’ was cultured on half strength of MS medium supplemented with 2 mg L-1 BA and 5 g L-1 agar. Buds of each explant were 4.3, 3.7 or 2.8 respectively.

Soaking in 5 g L-1 Colchicine or 0.03 g L-1 Oryzalin solution for 12, 24 or 48 hr, the seeds of E. geroldii didn`t develop polyploidy plants. The shoot tips of E. geroldii dipped or pasted with 5 g L-1 Colchicine at cotyledon stage for 2 days had the highest mutation rate(28.1%) and 36 polyploidy plants were propagated in this experiment. Lateral buds of E. milii × E. geroldii ‘rg12’ dipped with 5 g L-1 Colchicine had the highest mautation rate(15.5%). The mutant ‘rg12-M1’ was separated. The leaf thickness, bract length, bract width, bract thickness and gland diameter of ‘rg12-M1’ were longer than that of original plant ‘rg12’, and its pollen germination rate was 56.7%.

In the interspecific hybridization of E. lomi ‘Sri Aumphorn’× E. geroldii, two progenies were obtained. The thorns of these 2 plants were changed from single thorn to palmate thorn but became softer and broken easily. And the leaves, cyathiums color and shape were similar to that of E. lomi ‘Sri Aumphorn’. In the interspecific hybridization of E. lomi ‘Supo Roek’ × E. millotii, the ovules was cultured in half strength MS medium after 5-7 days of pollination. Only a few number of ovules developed into plantlets. The morphology of stems and leaves were between their parents. The thorns of the hybrids became softer and were borkern easily, but cyathiums color and shape were similar to that of E. lomi ‘Supo Roek’.

中文摘要.........................................................................................................................i
Abstract..........................................................................................................................ii
目錄...............................................................................................................................iii
表目次............................................................................................................................v
圖目次...........................................................................................................................vi
前言(Introduction) ........................................................................................................1
前人研究(Literature review)..........................................................................................3
一、麒麟花起源與分類.........................................................................................3
二、麒麟花之特性.................................................................................................4
三、麒麟花繁殖技術.............................................................................................5
四、多倍體誘導.....................................................................................................7
五、麒麟花雜交育種.............................................................................................9
材料與方法(Materials and methods)...........................................................................11
試驗一、種間雜交種營養系微體繁殖方法及盆花品質...................................11
一、植物材料........................................................................................11
二、組織培養培養基配製及培養環境................................................12
三、試驗方法........................................................................................12
(1) 花序培養............................................................................12
(2) Agar和BA濃度對E. milii × E. geroldii ‘rg01’、
‘rg02’及‘rg12’單節培養之影響..........................................12
(3) 組織培養苗與扦插苗生長形態調查................................12
(4)營養系新品種檢定..............................................................13
試驗二：多倍體誘導...........................................................................................14
一、植物材料........................................................................................14
二、試驗方法........................................................................................14
(1) Colchicine或Oryzalin浸泡E. geroldii自交種子..............14
(2) Colchicine處理E. geroldii實生苗
生長點..................................................................................14
(3) Colchicine或Oryzalin處理E. milii × E. geroldii
‘rg12’植株腋芽..................................................................14
(4) 氣孔檢測............................................................................15
試驗三、麒麟花之種間雜交育種.......................................................................16
一、植物材料........................................................................................16
二、栽培管理與繁殖............................................................................17
三、試驗方法........................................................................................17
(1) 全年花期調查....................................................................17
(2) 花粉活力試驗....................................................................17
(3) 雜交授粉............................................................................18
(4)未熟胚培養..........................................................................18
結果(Result).................................................................................................................19
試驗一、種間雜交種營養系微體繁殖方法及盆花品質...................................19
(1) 花序培養.....................................................................................19
(2) Agar和BA濃度對E. milii × E. geroldii ‘rg01’、‘rg02’
及‘rg12’單節培養之影響................................................................19
(3) 組織培養苗與扦插苗生長形態調查.........................................20
(4)營養系新品種檢定.......................................................................20
試驗二：多倍體誘導...........................................................................................21
(1) Colchicine或Oryzalin浸泡E. geroldii自交種子.......................21
(2) Colchicine或Oryzalin處理E. geroldii實生苗
生長點...........................................................................................21
(3) Colchicine或Oryzalin處理E. milii × E. geroldii
‘rg12’植株腋芽...........................................................................21
試驗三、麒麟花之種間雜交育種.......................................................................23
(1) 全年花期調查.............................................................................23
(2) 花粉活力試驗.............................................................................23
(3) 雜交授粉.....................................................................................23
(4)未熟胚培養...................................................................................24
討論(Discussion)..........................................................................................................26
參考文獻(Reference)...................................................................................................60
附錄(Appendix)...........................................................................................................66

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以下網路資料參考時間為2011年11月：

(http://www.euphorbia.de/)

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Euphorbia_milii)