長期以來，圖書館提供著免費且平等的服務與資源予使用者，然而隨著資源成本的不斷提升、技術的日新月異以及使用者需求的不斷地增加，圖書館的經濟壓力日漸增加，許多圖書館開始另外尋求經費來源，選擇開始向使用者收取額外的服務與資源費用。圖書館向使用者收費，雖然解決了圖書館部分的經濟壓力，但此亦成為易引起使用者爭議之處，特別是受政府補助與支出經費皆較高的國立大學圖書館，所實行之校外使用者付費服務。
本研究即採消費者決策行為模式為基礎，以內容分析、支付卡與訪談等研究方法，探究校外使用者在使用國立大學圖書館付費服務前後之活動與行為，並針對目前國立大學圖書館所實行的校外使用者付費服務現況進行分析。
研究結果顯示國立大學圖書館所提供之校外使用者付費服務項目大致可分為入館/閱覽、借閱服務、館際合作文獻傳遞、校內代借代印、微縮資料列印、多媒體使用/借閱、影印服務、館內電子資源等，相關規定與內容多可查檢於各大學圖書館網站。大學圖書館會將校外使用者分為校友與一般校外使用者，校友通常可享有服務較高之權限與較低之費用。
研究發現使用者的校外使用者付費服務項目之決策行為，易受到圖書館客觀因素與個人主觀差異的影響，亦與其涉入動機與職業背景息息相關。使用者對於大學圖書館的校外使用者政策與付費服務看法各異，持正反意見者皆具，校友與一般校外使用者看法最大的不同與最容易產生不公平之認知，即是由於兩族群間權益之不平等所造成。使用者對大學圖書館校外使用者付費服務之知覺價值認同，多低於大學圖書館目前實際之收費，而根據訪談內容，可知使用者對服務的知覺價格，與使用者本身的需求強度較相關，對資源需求愈強烈者，可接受之服務價格愈高。
根據研究結果，研究建議大學圖書館在實行校外使用者付費服務時，應注意網站之相關資訊之提供與更新，有效地運用科技管理校外使用者服務，並透過不同之方式宣導與推廣校外使用者付費服務。最重要的是校外使用者的相關管理與研究亦是圖書館所不能忽視，對於校外使用者付費服務價格與內容則可再思考是否有調整之空間，以更能符合使用者之需求與期望。

Libraries are well-known for free and fair services and resources. Recently many libraries began to charge users for some services to reduce the financial pressure caused by increasing resources cost, users’ demands, and technological updates. Although charging users fees alleviates financial pressure to some extent, a few users regard fee-based operation controversial because universities, national ones in particular, receive high amount of governmental subsidy who seem to hold weaker grounds on charging unaffiliated users for service fee.
Basing on a consumer decision-making model, this study uses content analysis, payment card and interview to study activities and behaviors of unaffiliated users before and after experiencing fee-based services in academic libraries. It also analyzes current situation of unaffiliated user fee-based services provided by academic libraries.
The results first categorize unaffiliated user fee-based services into reading, reader services, inter library loan services, intra-system loan services and document delivery services, microforms services, multimedia services, photocopying services, and on-campus e-resources. All detailed rules and service contents can be found on the library websites. Academic libraries divide unaffiliated users into alumnus and common unaffiliated users; the former usually receives better service along with lower fee.
Study results show that unaffiliated users’ decision making toward and behavior of using fee-based services are influenced by objective factors and subjective opinions, and also highly related to their motivations and career backgrounds. Subjects’ opinions on unaffiliated user rules and fee-based services were not unidirectional: positive and negative ones coexist. The different treatments between alumni and common unaffiliated users privilege generates sense of inequality. The user-estimated value of unaffiliated user fee-based services is lower than the actual fee currently charged. The interviews show that perceived value depends on demand; a user with stronger demand on resources tends to accept higher service fee.
The researcher suggests that academic libraries who provide the unaffiliated user fee-based services ought to update rules on the websites as needed, apply appropriate technology to manage unaffiliated users’ access, and promote the services through various approaches. Most importantly, the management and research issues about unaffiliated users deserve more attention. Moreover, in order to meet users'' needs and expectations better, the price and contents of unaffiliated user fee-based services ought to frequently being reviewed and adjusted as necessary.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 研究問題 5
第四節 研究範圍與限制 6
第五節 預期貢獻 6
第六節 名詞解釋 7
第二章 文獻探討 9
第一節 大學圖書館與校外使用者 9
第二節 大學圖書館校外使用者付費服務的發展 24
第三節 消費者決策行為 38
第三章 研究設計與實施 49
第一節 研究架構 49
第二節 研究方法 50
第三節 研究對象 52
第四節 研究程序 55
第五節 資料整理與分析 57
第四章 研究發現與分析 59
第一節 大學圖書館校外使用者付費服務現況 59
第二節 大學圖書館校外使用者付費服務使用之使用決策模式 69
第三節 校外使用者對大學圖書館校外使用者付費服務之看法 93
第四節 綜合討論 117
第五章 研究結論與建議 127
第一節 研究結論 127
第二節 研究建議 133
參考書目 137
附錄一、校外使用者訪談大綱 150
附錄二、圖書館校外使用者付費服務知覺價值調查─一般使用者 151
附錄三、圖書館校外使用者付費服務知覺價值調查─校友 153
附錄四、參與研究同意書 155

中文資源
Drucker, P. F. (1996)。非營利機構的經營之道 （余佩珊譯）。臺北：遠流。（原著出版年：1994）
Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L.（2008）。消費者行為（顧萱萱、郭建志譯）。臺北：學富文化。（原著出版年：2007）
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. M.（1997）。徐宗國譯。質性研究概論。台北：巨流。（原著出版年：1990）
丁文玲 （2002）。國立大學校務基金之績效評估。教育研究資訊，10（3），101-124。
毛慶禎（1983）。圖書館直接收費問題。中國圖書館學會會報，35，201-206。
王仁薇（2006）。非營利組織與商業結合之探討：以圖書館為例。臺灣圖書管理季刊，2（3），44-63。
王居卿、張威龍、陳明杰（2000）譯；Bearden, Ingram, & LaForge著。行銷學：原理與觀點。臺北：前程企業管理公司。
江明修、陳定銘（1999）。我國基金會之問題與健全之道。中國行政評論，8（3），23-72。
余俊傑（1991）。資訊服務收費方式之探討。圖書館學刊，7，165-180。
吳正德（2004）。女性消費者購買行為與行銷策略之探討—以筆記型電腦為例。國立臺北大學企業管理學系碩士論文，未出版，臺北縣。
吳政達（2009）。臺灣北區公共圖書館實施收費機制可行性之研究。世新大學資訊傳播學系碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
吳明德（2003）。圖書館評鑑。成功大學圖書館館刊，11。資料來源：http://www.lib.ncku.edu.tw/journal/11/1.htm
吳美美（1997）。從教育的需求看臺灣地區二十一世紀的圖書館發展。中國圖書館學會會訊，104，5-8。
吳珮瑛、劉哲良、蘇明達（2005）。受訪金額在開放選擇條件評估支付模式的作用－引導或是誤導。農業經濟半年期刊，77，1-43。
宋兆霖（1997）。收費乎?免費乎? —公立圖書館徵收資訊檢服務費用之可行性。中國書目季刊， 31（2 ）， 1-13。
林佳慧（1997）。探討臺灣地區學術圖書館的收費服務之現況。圖書與資訊學刊， 22 ， 56-75。
邱子恆（1999）。行銷概念在圖書館及其資訊服務之應用：文獻分析。大學圖書館，3（4）， 120-130
洪順慶（2003）。行銷學。臺北：福懋出版社。
胡述兆、王梅玲（2003）。圖書資訊學導論。臺北：漢美圖書。
徐達光（2003）。消費者心理學－消費者行為的科學研究。臺北：東華書局。
黃鴻珠（2011）。圖書館年鑑。臺北：國家圖書館。
黃鴻珠（2012）。圖書館年鑑。臺北：國家圖書館。
張甲(2001)。Google化與圖書資訊業的前景。國立成功大學圖書館館刊，15，8-20。
張為江（2007）。試論「後收費時代」公共圖書館精神新內涵。圖書館工作與研究，142，10-12。
張端益（2004）。編定工業區公共服務評價之研究。國立政治大學地政學系碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
張魁峯、林靈宏（2009）。消費者行為學。臺北市：五南。
張慧（2007）。淺析價格機制在公共圖書館服務中的引導功能。價格理論與實踐，8，36-37。
張慧玉（2001）。使用者付費應用在公共圖書館之研究。淡江大學資訊與圖書館學系碩士論文，未出版，臺北縣。
陳定銘（2003）。非營利組織行銷管理之研究，社區發展季刊，102，218-241。
陳金貴 （2002）。非營利組織社會企業化經營探討。新世紀智庫論壇，19，39-51。
陳曉理（1995）。我國資訊仲介服務業之研究。臺北市：漢美圖書公司。
陳麗秋（1983）。心理與社會性變數對女性化妝品購買及使用行為之影響。臺灣大學商學研究所。臺北市：未出版碩士論文。
陳曦、趙媛（2006）。圖書館經營管理模式研究-以公共圖書館為研究對象。現代情報，12，107-111。
傅雅秀（1993）。圖書館學研究的趨勢與問題。國立中央圖書館臺灣分館館訊，12，22-24。
菲利浦．科特勒（Philip Kotler）、陳就學（Hermawan Kartajaya）、伊萬．塞提亞宛（Iwan Setiawan）（2011）。行銷 3.0：與消費者心靈共鳴(顏和正譯)。臺北市：天下雜誌。（原著出版年：2010）
黃俊英（2004）。行銷管理─策略性的觀點。臺北：華泰文化。
楊國賜主編（2001）。大學教育政策白皮書。教育部。
葉乃靜（1998）。資訊商品化：公共圖書館面臨的新挑戰。圖書館學與資訊科學，24（2）， 29-43
葉乃靜（2004）。由資訊公共權、文化資本談資訊服務使用者付費問題。中國圖書館學會學報，72，33-41。
葉佳琪、林天柱、孔憲法（2011）。從成功大學產學合作企業之區域分布情形探討合作特性與創新。建築與規劃學報，12（2）， 119-140。
圖書館法。資料檢自：http://www.ncl.edu.tw/public/Attachment/7121310405471.pdf
熊小明（2006）。公共圖書館服務成本補償機制探討。圖書館建設，154，6-8。
熊秉元（1991）。使用者付費觀念的探討。財稅研究，23（3），99-106。
熊秉元（1996）。使用者付費原則」的理論與實際--臺灣的個案分析。財稅研究，28，97-122。
蓋浙生（2008年12月）。國立大學校務基金的未來展望。楊弘敦（主持人），高等教育系列11：國立大學校務基金的管理與應用。公共政策論壇，國立政治大學公共行政及企業管理教育中心。資料檢自：http://www.ppf.nccu.edu.tw/971227/971227_wbook.pdf
劉源俊（2000）。私立大學的定位與使命。廿一世紀私立大學校院校務發展規劃與願景。高雄：高雄醫學大學。
蕭富峰（2008）。消費者行為。臺北：智勝。
賴淑婉（2011）。臺北市國民小學教學輔導教師利用資訊資源之研究。政治大學圖書資訊學數位碩士在職專班學位論文，未出版，臺北市。
廖淑容（2007）。新竹科學工業園區之永續競爭與創新氛圍環境。立德學報，4（2），27-43。
鍾明倫、林柏儀（2012）。反學費運動 全球新議題。中國時報。資料檢自：http://life.chinatimes.com/2009Cti/Channel/Life/life-article/0,5047,100316+112012041100533,00.html

西文資源
Abdullahi, I. (Ed.). (2009). Global Library and Information Science: A Textbook for Students and Educators. Munich: K. G. Saur. Retrieved from: ebrary.
Antell, K. (2002). Why do college students use public libraries? A phenomenological study. Reference & User Services Quarterly, 43(3), 227-236.
Archie, W. (1964). The college library and the community. North Carolina Libraries, 22, 42-47.
ARL. (1981a). External user services. SPEC Kits, 73. Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries.
ARL. (1981b). Fees for services. SPEC Kits, 74. Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries.
Babbie, E. (2007). The Practice of Social Research. Belmont, USA: Thomson Learning.
Bailey, G. M. (1961). Demands on college and university library facilities in metropolitan centers. Illinois Libraries , 43, 667-675.
Barron, D. D., Williams, R.V., Bajjaly, S., Arns, J., & Wilson, S. (2005). The economic impact of public libraries on south carolina. The School of Library and Information Science, University of South Carolina. Retrieved from: http://www.libsci.sc.edu/sceis/final%20report%2026%20january.pdf
Barsun, R. (2002).It’s my library too, isn’t it? Journal of Library Administration, 37 (1/2), 59-82.
Bautawa, S.K. (1996). Free Versus Fee: The Challenge of Government Libraries in Uganda. Retrieved from: http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla62/62-kags.htm
Berman, B., & Evans, J. R. (1982). Marketing. New York: Macmillan Publishing.
Berry, J. (2004, June 15). The San Jose model. Library Journal, 129 (11), 34-37.
Best-Nichols, B. (1993). Community use of tax-supported academic libraries in north carolina: Is unlimited access a right? North Carolina Libraries, 51, 120-125.
Blackwell, R. D., Miniard, P. W., & Engel, J. F. (1993) . Consumer Behavior (7th ed.). Orlando, Florida: Dryden Press.
Blackwell, R. D., Miniard, P. W., & Engel, J. F. (2001) . Consumer Behavior (9th ed.). South-Worth: Thomson Learning.
Blazek, D. (1997). Private academe and public depositories: Access and promotion. Journal of Government Information, 24 (4), 285-311.
Brinckerhoff, P. C. (1994). Mission-Based Management: Leading Your Not-For Profit into The 21st Century. New York: John Wiley & Sons, INC.
Cadotte, E. R., Woodruff, R. B., & Jenkins, R.L. (1987). Expectations and norms in models of consumer satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 24 (3), 305-314. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3151641
Clark, C. (1957). Relation of college library to community. Tennessee Librarian, 10, 11–14.
Courtney, N. (2001). Barbarians at the gates: A half- century of unaffiliated users in academic libraries. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 27 (6), 473-480.
Courtney, N.( 2003). Unaffiliated users'' access to academic libraries: a survey. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 29 (1), 3-7.
Crawford, W., & Gorman M. (1995). Future Libraries: Dreams, Madness & Reality. Chicago: American Library Association. Retrieved from: eBook Collection (EBSCOhost)
Deale, H. (1958). Public relations of academic libraries. Library Trends, 7, 269-77.
Dempsey, B. (2010, September 15). Survey on fees for library services: For love or money. Library Journal. Retrieved from: http://www.libraryjournal.com
Dole, W. V., & Hill, J. B. (2011). Community users in North American academic libraries. New Library World, 112 (3/4), 141-149
Donnellan, A. M., & Rasmussen, L. (1983). Fee-based services in academic libraries: Preliminary results of a survey. Drexel Library Quarterly, 19, 68-79.
Eanes, J. (2010). The San JoseJoint Library: The Development of a Joint City/University Library. (Master thesis, San Jose State University) Retrieved from: http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4803&context=etd_theses
Engle, J. F., Kollat, D., & Blackwell, R.D. (1973). Consumer Behavior (2th ed.). New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc.
Felicetti, B. W. (1979). Information for fee and information for free: The information broke and the public Librarian. Public Library Quarterly, 1, 9-20.
Ford, B. J., & Likness, C. S. (1989). Varied clientele, service objectives and limited resources: The academic library in transition. Urban Academic Librarian, 6/7, 20-24.
Gaura, M. A. (2000, May 25) Plans are going smoothly for nation’s first joint city-university library. San Francisco Chronicle, A17. Retrieved from: http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2000/05/25/MNH94284.DTL&ao=all
Goddard, H. C. (1971). An economic analysis of library benefits. The Library Quarterly, 41, 244-255.
Groote, S. L. D., Dorsch, J. L., Collard, S., & Scherrer, C. (2005). Quantifying cooperation: Collaborative digital reference service in the large academic library. College & Research Libraries, 66 (5), 436-454.
Guernsey, L. (1998). Off-campus users swamp college libraries, seeking access to web and e-mail. Chronicle of Higher Education, A17.
Gundlach, G. T., & Wilkie, W. L. (2007). The American Marketing Association’s 2004 definition of marketing: Perspectives on its implications for scholarship and the role and responsibility of marketing in society. American Marketing Association, 26 (2), 243-250.
Gundlach, G. T., & Wilkie, W. L. (2009). The American Marketing Association’s new definition of marketing: Perspective and commentary on the 2007 revision. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 28 (2), 259-264.
Hadi, Z. A., & McBride, N. (2000). The commercialisation of public sector information within UK government departments. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 13 (7), 552 - 570
Hammond, J. (2007). Cash cow: User fees in Alberta public libraries. Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library & Information Practice & Research, 2 (1), 1-22. Retrieved from: http://journal.lib.uoguelph.ca/index.php/perj/article/viewArticle/281/362
Harris, M.H.,Hannah, S.A., & Harris, P. C. (1998). Into The Future: The Foundations of Library and Information Services in The Post-Industrial Era. Greenwish, CT: Ablex Publishing.
Hawkins, D. I., Best, R. J., & Coney, K. A. (1995).Consumer Behavior: Implications for Marketing Strategy (6th ed.). New York: IRWIN.
Heath, F. (1992) Conflict of mission: The Midsize Private University in an urban environment, in McCabe, G. (Ed.), Academic Libraries in Urban and Metropolitan Areas: A Management Handbook. New York: Greenwood Press.
Howard, J. A., & J. N. Sheth (1969). The Theory of Buyer Behavior. New York: John Willey & Sons.
Jaeger, J. (1999). User fees, community goods, the public library. Public Library Quarterly, 17 (2), 49-62.
Jansen, L. M. (1993). Welcome or not, here they come: Unaffiliated users of academic libraries. Reference Services Review, 21(1), 7-14.
Jenda, C. (2000). Fee-based services. SPEC Kits, 259.
Johnson, P. (1998). Serving unaffiliated users in publicly funded academic libraries. Technicalities, 18 (1), 8-11.
Jones, B. M. (1999). Libraries, Access, and Intellectual Freedom: Developing Policies for Public and Academic Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association.
Josephine, H. (1989). Fee-based services in ARL libraries. SPEC Kits,157.
Josey, E. J. (1969). Community use of academic libraries. Library Trends, 18, 66–74.
Josey, E. J., Quick, R. C., Scott, John E., Heintz, E. C., Lamont, B., Elser, G.C., & Howard, E. A. (1967). Community use of academic libraries: A symposium. College and Research Libraries, 28, 184-202.
Judd, B., & Scheele, B. (1984) . Community use of public academic libraries in New York State: A SUNY/CUNY Survey. Bookmark, 42, 126–134.
Keller, M. S. (2007). Perceptions of Unaffiliated Users in Academic Libraries and Other Issues Associated with This User Group. (Master thesis, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill)
Kibbee, J. (2006). Librarians without borders? virtual reference service to unaffiliated users, The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 32 (5), 467-473.
Kohler, J. ( 2000, April 17). College Library Serves as Public Library for Many People. St. Louis Post-Dispatch,1, Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe.
Kotler, P. (1986). Principles of Marketing (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliff, New York: Prentice-Hall.
Kotler, P., & Andreasen, A.R. (1987). Strategic Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Koulikov, M. (2008). International Approaches to Library User Fees and Fee-Based Services: An Evaluation of Three Recent Studies. Retrieved from: http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=mikhail_koulikov
Kyrillidou, M., & Young, M. (2002). ARL Statistics 2000-01. Washington, D.C.: ARL, p.5.
LeClercq, A. (1986). The academic library/high school library connection: Needs assessment and proposed model. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 12, 12-18
Lenker, M., & Kocevar-Weidinger, E. (2010). Nonaffiliated users in academic libraries: Using W.D. ross''s ethical pluralism to make sense of the tough questions. College & Research Libraries, 71(5), 421-433.
Martin, R. R. (1990). The paradox of public service: Where do we draw the line? College and Research Libraries, 57 (1), 20-26.
McCulley, L., & Ream, D. (1988). Public use of academic libraries in Virginia. Virginia Librarian, 34, 9–12.
Missingham, R. (2005). Libraries and economic value: a review of recent studies. Performance Measurement and Metrics, 6 (3), 142 - 158
Mitchell, E. S. (1992). General circulation policies for private citizens: The practices of publicly supported academic libraries, in McCabe, G. (Ed.), Academic Libraries in Urban and Metropolitan Areas: A Management Handbook, New York: Greenwood Press.
Mitchell, E. S. (1994). Library Services for Non-affiliated Patrons. Chicago: ALA.
Mitchell, R. C.,& Carson, R. T. (1989). Using Survey to Value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method. Washington, D. C.: Resources for the Future.
Mitchell, W. B. (1982). Formulating a policy for academic library service to unaffiliated borrowers: Some problems and considerations. PNLA Quarterly, 46, 10–17.
Morey, O. T. (2004). Developing and implementing a resource sharing agreement: A case study of an academic health sciences library and a specialized hospital library. Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery &Information Supply, 14 (4), 39-48.
Mowen, J. C. (1990). Consumer Behavior (2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Mulhern, F. J. (1999). Customer profitability analysis: Measurement, concentration, and research directions. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 13(1): 25-40.
Nichols, W. G. (1974). Conceptual conflicts in marketing. Journal of Economics and Business, 26 (Winter), 140-143.
Nicosia, F. M.(1968). Consumer Decision Process: Marketing and Advertising Implication. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Nielsen, B. (1989). Allocating costs, thinking about values: The fee-or-free debate revisited. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 15 (4), 211-217.
Robertson, T. S., Zielinski, J., & Ward, S. (1984). Consumer Behavior. Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company.
Russell, R. E., Robison, C. L., Prather, J. E., & Carlson, C. E. (1992). External user access to academic libraries in urban/metropolitan areas, in McCabe, G. (Ed.), Academic Libraries in Urban and Metropolitan Areas: A Management Handbook, New York: Greenwood Press.
Russell, R. E. (1989). External user access to academic libraries. The Southeastern Librarian, Winter, 135-138.
Russell. R. E. (1979). Services for whom: A search for identity. Tennessee Librarian, 31(4), 36-40
Savolainen, R. (1990). Fee or free? The socio-economic dimensions of the charging dilemma. Journal of Information Science, 16(3), 143-153.
Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2007). Consumer Behavior ( 9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.
Schiffman, L. G., ＆ Kanuk, L. L.(1991). Consumer Behavior (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Schulze, W. D., Ralph, C. D., & Brookshire, D. S. (1981). Valuing environmental commodities: Some recent experiments. Land Economics, 57(2), 151-172.
Schwartz, P.J. (1970). The high school student and the college library: Challenge and response. PNLA Quarterly, 34 (Summer), 15-19.
Shaw H. B. (1999). Managing electronic resources: a survey of current practices in academic libraries. ERIC ED 434658
Stewart, A. (1964). The new small college library. North Carolina Libraries, 22, 52-54.
Still, J., & Kassabian, V. (1999). The mole’s dilemma: ethical aspects of public internet access in academic libraries. Internet Reference Services Quarterly, 4 (3), 7–22.
Thompson, R. K. H., & Rhodes, G. T. (1986). Recruitment: A role for the academic library. C&RL News, 47, 575-577.
Trezza, A. F. (1989). Sources of funding for public libraries. Journal of Library Administration, 11(1/2), 67-80.
UCLA Library. Retrieved from: http://www.library.ucla.edu/service/high-school-students
Waggoner, J. P. (1964). The role of the private university library. North Carolina Libraries, 22(2), 55-57
Walter, G. C., & Paul, G. (1970). Consumer Behavior: An Integrated Framework. Homewood, Richard D. Irwin Inc.
Warnken, K. (1981). The Information Brokers: How to Start and Operate Your Own Fee-Based Service. New York: Bowker.
Webb, S. P., & Winterton, J. (2003). Fee-Based Services in Library and Information Centres (2nd ed.). London: Europa.
Wells, W. D., & Prensky, D. (1996). Consumer Behavior. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Williams, J. C. (1998). Frederick E. Terman and the rise of silicon valley. International Journal of Technology Management, 16(8), 751-776.
Williams, S. F. (1987) To charge or not to charge: No longer a question. Reference Librarian, 19, 125-136.
Wilson, J. B. (1964, Winter ). Serving the high school. North Carolina Libraries, 22, 50–52.
Wolf, T. (1999). Managing a Nonprofit Organization in The Twenty-First Century. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Xia, L., Monroe, K. B., Cox, J. L. (2004). The price is unfair! A conceptual framework of price fairness perceptions. Journal of Marketing, 68 (4), 1-15.
Young, R. P. (1994). Changing information access economics: New roles for libraries and librarians. Information Technology and Libraries, 13, 103-114.
Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52 (July), 2-22.