臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨應用沙盤治療之概念，利用製作沙盤及參與團體協助於第二及第三孕期之初次預產懷孕女性整理孕期之相關經驗，並探討初次預產之懷孕女性參與沙盤團體之經驗與影響。本研究共有8位初次預產之懷孕女性參與，每位研究參與者參加2天共12小時之密集性沙盤團體，每人各創作2盤沙盤，以及接受團體後1至2小時的個別訪談。本研究採用質性研究之方法，於團體過程及團體結束後透過半結構式深度訪談進行資料蒐集，並以主題分析法進行資料分析，歸納出三個共同主題來呈現初次預產之懷孕女性之孕期經驗：1.建構理想家庭功能之意象：成員以「安全空間」、「連結空間」、「產能空間」、「休閒空間」、「學習空間」等主題整體呈現「家的空間意象」；以「繁衍」、「守護」、「穩固」、「滋養」、「陪伴」、「傳承」、「依歸」等主題呈現「家的價值意象」；以「能量傳遞」、「獨立自主」、「翱翔探索」等主題呈現「家的未來意象」。2.建構理想家庭角色之意象：成員期待「理想丈夫角色」是「支持者」、「陪伴者」和「永遠的情人」；期待「理想父親角色」是「主導者」和「陪伴者」；「理想母親角色」是「創造者」、「保護者」、「供給者」、「影響者」、「智慧學習者」、「承擔者」、「信任者」和「設定界限者」；期待「理想孩子角色」是「樂於學習」、且具備「完美人格」；期待「理想親人角色」是「輕鬆者」與「幫忙者」。3.重塑新的自我意象：包含「母子連結」、「母子一體」之「身體意象的覺察」；包含「驚奇快樂」、「平靜甜蜜」、「自信力量」、「包容接納」、「緊張不安」、「沮喪難過」、「擔心逃避」、「恐懼壓力」、「孤單無助」、「敏感脆弱」、「犧牲奉獻」和「期待保有」等情緒表現懷孕者「兩極化情感的覺察」；以「自我負責」、「自我調適」、「自我實踐」表達懷孕者走過懷孕歷程之「自我實踐與超越」。
本研究歸納出三個共同主題呈現初次預產之懷孕女性參與沙盤團體之經驗與影響：1.沙盤創作經驗：成員依「喜好意義」、「懷孕狀態」和「直覺觀感」挑選物件經驗；依「自我懷孕故事」、「懷孕心情意象」和「當下直覺意象」建構沙圖經驗；並對創作沙盤感到「新奇、特別」、「興奮、有趣、好玩」和「幻想、理想、不現實」等多元情緒感受；並覺得製作沙盤具有「記錄、統整懷孕歷程」和「結合過去與未來經驗」等助益。2.沙圖分享經驗：個人沙圖分享幫助「具體回溯懷孕記憶」、「促進面對懷孕角色」、「促進自我了解」及「促進自我覺察」；他人沙圖分享幫助「喚起自我所在乎的生命面向」、「激發不同想法」及「投射自己的經驗」。3.團體交互回饋經驗：團體幫助「彼此連心」，包含「團體中支持與鼓勵加深彼此之連結」及「團體普同感增進對懷孕的認同」；另外團體亦促進「攜手共進」，幫助「提供懷孕資訊，豐富懷孕視野」及「表達懷孕心事，釋放壓力情緒」。
最後，本研究根據研究結果進行討論，並針對初次預產之懷孕女性、專業助人實務工作者、政府推動相關生育計畫及未來研究提供各項具體之建議與省思。

The focus of this study was applying the concepts of Sandtray therapy, using the production of sandtrays and participation in group therapy to help women experiencing the second and third trimesters of their first pregnancy to sort through their experiences, and investigating the effects and experiences related to their participation in the therapy group. A total of eight first-time expectant mothers participated in the study, attending a total of 12 hours of group Sandtray therapy over two days. Each participant produced two sandtrays and was interviewed individually for 1-2 hours after the group. Qualitative research methods were adopted to collect data by semi-structured interviews during and after the group process, and to analyze the data with thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified to represent the pregnancy experiences of women pregnant for the first time:
1. Constructing the images of ideal family function: participants presented images of family spaces with several themes, such as “safe,” “connecting,” “productive,” “casual,” and “learning” spaces. Themes found in their family value images included “giving birth,” “protection,” “stability,” “nurturing,” “company,” “heritage,” and “belonging.” Family future images included themes such as “energy transfer,” “independence,” and “freedom to explore.”
2. Constructing the images of ideal family roles: participants expected that the “ideal husband” should be a “supporter,” “companion,” and “eternal lover;” the “ideal father” should be a “leader” and “companion;” the “ideal mother” should be a “creator,” “protector,” “supplier,” “influencer,” “wise learner,” “bearer of responsibility,” “figure of trust” and “boundary setter;” “ideal children” should be “willing to learn” with “perfect character;” and “ideal relatives” should be “easygoing” and “helpers.”
3. Reconstructing new self images: themes include “awareness of body images” such as “mother-child connection” and “mother-child as whole;” “awareness of polarized emotions” including “surprise and happiness,” “peace and sweetness,” “confidence and power,” “tolerance and acceptance,” “anxiety,” “depression,” “worry and avoidance,” “fear and pressure,” “loneliness and helplessness,” “sensitivity and vulnerability,” “sacrifice and devotion,” and “expectation and preservation.” Themes of “self responsibility”, “self adjustment” and “self realization” expressed the “self achievement and transcendence” of participants who had experienced the pregnancy process .
Three main themes which present the experience and effects of participation in the sandtray group of first-time expectant mothers were identified:
1. Sandtray creating experiences: participants experienced choosing miniatures based on “preference,” “status of pregnancy” and “intuition;” and constructing the sandtray pictures based on “personal pregnancy stories,” “pregnancy mood images” and “instinctual images in the moment.” They experienced a variety of emotions, such as “new, special, excited, interested, fun, fantastic, ideal and unreal.” They felt that making sandtrays helped to “record and combine the pregnancy process” and “connect the experiences of the past and the future.”
2. Experiences of sharing sandtray pictures: the sharing of self sandtray pictures helped participants to “recall memories of pregnancy, face the pregnancy, and promote self understanding and self awareness.” To share others’ sandtray pictures helped to “recall aspects of life important to oneself, inspire different ways of thinking, and reflect on personal experiences.”
3. Experiences of group interactive feedback: the group helped participants to “connect with each other via group support and encouragement” and “aided in acceptance of pregnancy via group universality.” The group promoted “being together” and helped to “provide pregnancy information, enrich the vision of pregnancy, express the concerns of pregnancy, and relieve pressure.”
Finally, the study engages in discussion based on the results and provides concrete suggestions and advice for women experiencing their first pregnancy, professional helpers and government organizations to practice family planning and perform future research.

目　　次
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………i
Abstract……………….………………………………………………………………...…iii
致謝……………………………………………………………………………………………vi
目次………………………….……………………………………...……....……….……v
表次………………………….…………………………………………………………........viii
圖次…………………………….………………………………………..……...………ix
第一章 緒論……….…………...….……………………..………………………….……...…1
第一節 研究背景與動機……….…………...….……………………..…………………1
第二節 研究目的及問題……………………..………………………..………………4
第三節 名詞釋義…………………………………..……………………..……………5
第二章 文獻探討……………...….……………………..…………………….…….……...…6
第一節 懷孕歷程之身心發展特色及心理學觀點………………..…………6
第二節 初次預產之懷孕女性的身心議題及相關研究………………..………14
第三節 沙盤治療及其於團體的應用…………….....……………………..20
第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………………………………….29
第一節 研究取向…………………………………………………………..…………29
第二節 研究參與者………………………………………………………………..…30
第三節 研究工具…………….…………………...………………………………..…34
第四節 研究程序…………………………………………………………..…………39
第五節 資料分析………………………………………………………………..……43
第六節 研究品質與倫理議題…………………...………………………………..…47
第七節 研究限制…………………………………………………………..…………49
第四章 研究結果…………………………………………………………………...………..51
第一節 初次預產之懷孕女性沙圖敘說之沙盤介紹…………………..…………51
第二節 初次預產之懷孕女性參與沙盤團體之孕期經驗分析研究參與者…..……79
第三節 初次預產之懷孕女性參與沙盤團體之經驗與影響…………..…142
第五章 綜合討論、結論、建議與反思……………………………………………………..165
第一節 綜合討論…………………………………………………………..…………165
第二節 研究結論………………………………………………………………..……173
第三節 研究建議…………….…………………...………………………………..…175
第四節 反思…………………………………………………………..………….180

參考文獻…………………………………………………………………...………………..181
【附錄一】 團體招募宣傳……………………………………………………………….…194
【附錄二】 團體報名表…………………….……………………………………………...195
【附錄三】 研究邀請函…………………………………………………….……………...196
【附錄四】 研究參與同意書………………………………………………….…..……….198
【附錄五】 初步訪談大綱………………………………………………….……………...199
【附錄六】 正式團體後訪談大綱………………………………………….…………...…200
【附錄七】 研究檢核回饋單………………..…….…………….………….…………...…201
【附錄八】沙盤意象共同主題內涵摘要表…………………………….………….…..…..202
【附錄九】 沙盤意象共同主題內涵摘要表…………………………….………….…..….207

表 次
表3-1第一梯次團體4位研究對象基本資料表……………………………………33
表3-2第二梯次團體4位研究對象基本資料表……………………………………33
表 4-1 沙盤意象共同主題摘要表……………………………………………………79
表4-2 初次預產之懷孕女性參與沙盤團體經驗與影響之共同主題內涵摘要表……142
表5-1「建構理想家庭功能之意象」主題分析表……………………………………………166
表5-2「建構理想家庭角色之意象」主題分析表……………………………………………168
表5-3「重塑新的自我意象」主題分析表……………………………………………………170

圖 次
圖3-1 研究流程圖…………………………..………………………………….…………..40
圖3-2 研究場地示意圖.………………………………………………………………...….42
圖3-3 開放編碼圖………...………………………………………………………………..45
圖3-4 編碼家族圖………………………………………………………………………….46
圖3-5關係網絡圖…………………………………………………………………………..46
圖4-1 成員A第一盤─愛…………………………………….…………….……….…….52
圖4-2 成員A第二盤─天父的花園………………………………………………………53
圖4-3 成員B第一盤─甜蜜的生活………………………………………………...….…55
圖4-4成員B第二盤─我的夢想成真………………………………………….………….57
圖4-5 成員C第一盤─期待寶寶能夠健康平安(1) …………………………….………..58
圖4-6 成員C第一盤─天使與孩子(2)…………………………………………....………59
圖4-7成員C第二盤─給小朋友一個可以健康快樂成長的環境……………….…….…60
圖4-8成員D第一盤─很可愛的家………………………………………………..……....62
圖4-9成員D第二盤─可以去好多好多地方…………………………………….….....…63
圖4-10成員E第一盤─秋天…………………………………………….……….….….….65
圖4-11成員E第二盤─(不知道要取什麼名字)……………………………….…..…...…67
圖4-12成員F第一盤─自由遨翔………………………………………………..……..….69
圖4-13 成員F第二盤─探索未知……………………………………………...……...….70
圖4-14成員G第一盤─一個生歷程/小段人生歷程………………………………...……72
圖4-15成員G第二盤─心境…………………………………………………...……….…74
圖4-16成員H第一盤─懷孕學校……………………………………………...…….……76
圖4-17成員H第二盤─我的是美麗的家……………………………………...…….……78

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