臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

焙燒係將生質物於一大氣壓且缺氧之環境下進行低溫碳化，將之轉換為具高熱值、儲存性更好的焙燒物；氣化程序則是在高溫下進行部分氧化反應，將生質物轉換為合成氣燃料。由於焙燒過程移去生質物大量的揮發份，使得焙燒生質物以空氣氣化並不能有效提高合成氣的產量與品質，因此，透過布多阿爾反應，利用二氧化碳於高溫進行焙燒生質物氣化，以提高合成氣之品質。
因此，本研究旨在利用30 kWth氣泡式流體化床氣化爐於700、800及850℃環境下進行未焙燒、250及350℃焙燒生質物之二氧化碳氣化相關研究，以探討二氧化碳對焙燒生質物氣化產物之影響，並比較以空氣作為氣化介質進行焙燒生質物氣化之結果。
研究結果顯示，和空氣氣化比較，焙燒生質物在高溫800℃以上進行二氧化碳氣化時，經由布多阿爾反應，可將高含碳量之焙燒生質物轉換並提昇合成氣中的一氧化碳含量達28.8 vol.%。此外，由於二氧化碳氣化生成之CnHm含量高過於空氣氣化，因此二氧化碳氣化可獲得較高之合成氣熱值，而且生成焦油含量也低於空氣氣化，而低至0.25 g/Nm3。
由此可見，焙燒生質物經二氧化碳氣化可獲得較高合成氣熱值及較低焦油含量，以改善焙燒生質物經空氣氣化之缺點。

Torrefaction is a thermochemical pre-treatment technology at lower temperature under atmospheric conditions and in the absence of oxygen to convert the raw biomass into torrefied biomass with the higher heating value and better storage property. Gasification is a thermochemical process to convert biomass into the syngas fuel by partial oxidation at elevated temperature. However, removal of a large amount of volatiles after torrefaction, torrefied biomass gasification with air cannot enhance the syngas production and quality. Therefore, applying the Boudouard reaction, gasification of torrefied biomass with CO2 at higher temperature could improve the syngas quality.
Therefore, in this study, gasification of the raw biomass and the biomass torrefied at 250 and 350oC, respectively with CO2 was carried out in a 30 kWth bubbling fluidized bed gasifier to compare with the results of gasification of torrefied biomass with air. Also, the effects of gasification of torrefied biomass with CO2 on the syngas composition were investigated.
The results shows that carbon dioxide gasification at a higher temperature above 800oC can enhance CO concentration up to 28.8% compared with the air-blown gasification process, due to the Boudouard reaction with the higher carbon content of the torrefied biomass. In addition, because the CnHm content from CO2 gasification is higher than that from air-blown gasification, the heating value of the syngas is also higher from CO2 gasification. Also, CO2 gasification can decrease the tar content down to 0.25 g / Nm3.
Therefore, gasification of torrefied biomass with CO2 can enhance syngas heating value and reduce the tar content to improve the disadvantages of air--blown gasification.

摘要 i
Summary ii
目錄 iii
表目次 v
圖目次 vi
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1生質能 4
2.2 生質物焙燒 8
2.3生質物氣化 9
2.3.1氣化技術之歷史 9
2.3.2 氣化程序及反應 10
2.3.3 影響氣化之操作參數 12
2.3.4 焦油 14
2.4焙燒生質物氣化 19
2.5二氧化碳氣化 21
第三章 實驗材料與方法 25
3.1 試驗材料 25
3.1.1 生質物原料 25
3.1.2 原料之性質分析 25
3.2 焙燒預處理 28
3.3 氣化實驗設備 31
3.3.1 氣化反應器 31
3.3.2 進料系統 35
3.3.3 氣體供給系統 35
3.3.4 合成氣處理系統 35
3.3.5合成氣分析系統 36
3.3.6 焦油採樣系統 37
3.3.7 床質 37
3.4實驗變數及操作條件 40
3.4.1 流體化氣速 40
3.4.2 空氣等值比 40
3.4.3 二氧化碳氣化設定 41
3.4.4 溫度 41
3.5 氣化實驗操作步驟 41
第四章 結果與討論 43
4.1 氣化原料之性質分析 43
4.2 焙燒溫度對合成氣組成之影響 45
4.3氣化溫度對合成氣組成之影響 52
4.4 焙燒溫度及氣化溫度對合成氣低熱值之影響 60
4.5 焙燒溫度及氣化溫度對合成氣中焦油含量之影響 63
4.6 操作條件影響之統整比較 67
第五章 結論與建議 69
5.1結論 69
5.2建議 70
參考文獻 71
作者自述 77

 
表目次
表2.1 焦油的分級 16
表3.1 實驗操作參數 42
表4.1 原料性質分析 44
表4.2 木材造粒灰分之金屬氧化物成分分析 66
表4.3 操作條件對合成氣組成、合成氣低熱值及焦油含量之影響 68
 
圖目次
圖1 台灣1990至2014年溫室氣體排放趨勢 3
圖2.1 2014年世界初級能源供應比例 6
圖2.2 生質能源技術總覽 7
圖2.3 氣化程序及產物 17
圖2.4 焦油形成示意圖 18
圖2.5 自熱式焙燒結合煤炭混合氣化系統示意圖 20
圖2.6 60 wt.%二氧化碳下各種類氣體之莫爾分率分布 23
圖3.1 生質物原料 27
圖3.2 500 g多段控溫石英焙燒爐系統流程圖 29
圖3.3 500 g多段控溫石英焙燒爐外觀 30
圖3.4 30 kWth 氣泡式流體化床氣化系統流程圖 32
圖3.5 30 kWth 氣泡式流體化床氣化系統外觀 33
圖3.6 氣泡式流體化床之氣化反應器結構 34
圖3.7 焦油取樣系統 38
圖3.8 焦油取樣箱 39
圖4.1 生質物氣化材料之H/C比與O/C比 47
圖4.2 焙燒木材造粒對空氣氣化合成氣組成之影響 48
圖4.3 焙燒木材造粒對二氧化碳氣化合成氣組成之影響 50
圖4.4 氣化溫度對二氧化碳氣化合成氣組成之影響 54
圖4.5 氣化溫度對空氣氣化合成氣組成之影響 56
圖4.6 氣化溫度對於CO、H2及CnHm含量之影響 58
圖4.7 焙燒及反應溫度對生質物氣化合成氣低熱值之影響 61
圖4.8 二氧化碳氣化與空氣氣化之合成氣低熱值 62
圖4.9 焙燒及反應溫度對二氧化碳氣化與空氣氣化焦油含量之影響 65

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