臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

胰臟癌是國人十大癌症之一，近年來罹患的人數有增加的現象，由於早期症狀不明顯，通常發現的時候已經是胰臟癌晚期導致治癒率大幅降低，所以胰臟癌具有高致死率。
南非葉在台灣是一種廣傳於民間的藥用植物，又稱為「扁桃斑鳩菊」，文獻指出南非葉萃取物具有抗氧化、抗癌、消炎等效果。
由本研究得知南非葉乙醇萃取物 (EVA)對於胰臟癌 (BXPC3)具有毒殺效果。接著以流式細胞儀分析得知EVA可誘導細胞凋亡 (Apoptosis)。以西方墨點法進行Apoptosis相關蛋白分析，結果顯示南非葉萃取物誘導BXPC3細胞凋亡的方式是經由活化Caspase-3、Caspase-9、PARP蛋白，以及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl2和Bcl-XL與促進凋亡蛋白Bak和Bax結合，促使Cytochrome C 從粒線體是放到細胞質進而誘導胰臟癌細胞BXPC3細胞凋亡。
透過本實驗證實EVA能有效抑制胰臟癌細胞的生長，未來可望進一步研發成胰臟癌相關抗癌藥物 。

Pancreatic cancer is one of the top ten cancers, and the number of people suffering from these years has increased. Pancreatic cancers of patients in the early stages have no obvious symptoms which lead to the poor diagnosis and delay the treatments. Therefore, pancreatic cancer has been known a high mortality rate.
Vernonia amygdalina is a popular medicinal plant in Taiwan, commonly called ‘‘bitter leaf’’. It was reported that Vernonia amygdalina exists antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammation activities.
In this study, we found that EVA has an inhibit effect on pancreatic cancer (BXPC3). Apoptotic-related proteins analysis by western blotting showed that EVA induced apoptosis of BXPC3 through the activations of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, PARP protein, Bak and Bax , leading to a decrease in the membrane potential of the mitochondria and releasing the Cytochrome C into Cytoplasm. Thereby, apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell BXPC3 is the result.
It is confirmed by this experiment that EVA can effectively inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells. It is obvious that EVA can be further developed into anticancer drugs for pancreatic cancer treatment.

目錄
誌謝 i
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖表目次 viii
縮寫表 ix
第一章 前言 1
第一節、癌症 (Cancer) 1
第二節、胰臟癌 3
一、胰臟外分泌腺體癌 4
二、胰臟內分泌癌 5
第三節 細胞死亡的方式 8
一、細胞壞死 (Necrosis) 8
二、細胞凋亡 (Apoptosis) 9
第四節、南非葉 12
第五節、研究動機與目的 18
第二章 材料與方法 20
第一節、實驗材料 20
一、細胞株 20
二、試劑 20
第二節、儀器與耗材 22
一、儀器 22
二、耗材 24
第三節、實驗用溶液與配方 24
第四節、實驗方法 27
一、南非葉藥物萃取 27
二、細胞培養 27
三、細胞存活率測試 MTT assay 29
四、流式細胞儀之細胞死亡方式測試 30
五、蛋白質萃取 31
六、蛋白質定量 31
七、蛋白質電泳分析 (Sodiom dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis； SDS-PAGE) 32
八、蛋白質濕式轉漬 (Transfer)及影像呈現 33
第三章 結果 34
第一節、南非葉乙醇萃取物對於不同癌細胞之細胞存活率測試 34
第二節、細胞死亡方式分析 39
第三節、南非葉乙醇萃取物誘導胰臟癌BXPC3細胞凋亡路徑蛋白分析 41
第四章 結論與討論 44
第五章 參考文獻 48

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