臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本篇論文使用Falex機器，以軸承鋼SUJ2、高碳鋼SK4、模具鋼SKD11與中碳鋼S45C四種材料，進行銷盤試驗。實驗內容主要分為兩部分，第一部份針對高碳鋼SK4做銷盤試驗，以了解高碳鋼的磨耗機構與氧化膜的生長機構；第二部分使用四種材料探討含碳量的多寡是否會影響氧化層的分布面積與厚度。
摩擦熱影響氧化物的組成。利用在銷上焊接兩條熱電偶測外觀接觸溫度以及在大的溫度範圍內利用壓縮試驗測量材料的降伏強度以求得真實接觸溫度。實驗結果顯示氧化膜在各處的厚度並不均勻，在不同時間觀察亦不相同；在某一滑動時間範圍內，負載愈大則氧化層愈厚；氧化膜亦無在臨界厚度才剝落的情況，另一方面其剝落是因為疲勞。

The Mechanism of Oxidational Wear of Some Steels
Yu Dung-Shiau
Abstract
The Falex machine is used to perform the pin-on-disc tests. Several alloy steels were used, which included medium and high carbon steels, die steel and bearing steel. The experiment included two parts, the first part is focus on high carbon steel, SK4, and to study the wear mechanism and the growing mechanism of the oxide film. By using the four kinds of steel, the second part is to study the effect of different kinds of steel on the formation of oxides.
In addition, the frictional heating controls the formation of oxides. The temperatures at the real contact surface as well as at subsurface underneath the contact surface are calculated by measuring the temperatures at two different positions on the pin and by measuring the yield stresses in compression at a wide range of temperatures. The results show that the thickness of oxide is not uniformly over the contact surfaces. The higher the load, the thicker is the oxide film. There is no evidence to prove that the oxide films spall at a critical thickness. On the other hand, they are spalled by fatigue.

目錄
誌謝 ………………………………………………………………… Ⅰ
中文摘要 …………………………………………………………… Ⅱ
英文摘要 …………………………………………………………… Ⅲ
目錄 ………………………………………………………………… Ⅳ
圖表目錄 …………………………………………………………… Ⅵ
符號說明 ………………………………………………………….. ⅩⅣ
第一章 緒論 ………………………………………....………….. 1
1.1研究動機 ………………………………………..…………… 1
1.2摩擦理論 ……………………………………..……………… 1
1.3磨耗理論 ……………………………………..……………… 4
1.4氧化磨耗理論文獻回顧 ……………………..……………… 8
1.5章節概要 …………………………………………………… 11
第二章 實驗 ………………………………………………………… 12
2.1實驗規劃 …………………………………………………… 12
2.2試片的準備 ………………………………………………… 12
2.3Falex磨耗試驗機 ………………………………………….. 13
2.4實驗程序 …………………………………………………… 14
2.5銷氧化層剖面觀察 ………………………………………… 15
2.6壓縮試驗 …………………………………………………… 19
2.7實驗儀器表 ………………………………………………… 20
第三章 量測與數據整理 …………………………………………… 21
3.1速度 ………………………………………………………… 21
3.2負載 ………………………………………………………… 21
3.3摩擦力與摩擦係數 ………………………………………… 21
3.4溫度 ………………………………………………………… 22
3.4.1 外觀接觸溫度 ………………………………………….. 22
3.4.2 真實接觸溫度 ………………………………………….. 23
3.5磨耗率 ……………………………………………………… 24
第四章 結果與討論 ………………………………………………… 25
4.1硬度分析 …………………………………………………… 25
4.2氧化層厚度分析 …………………………………………… 25
4.2.1高碳鋼SK4之氧化膜觀察……………..……………….. 25
4.2.2四種材料之氧化膜觀察…………………………………. 30
4.3SEM磨耗機構觀察 ………………………………………... 31
4.4實驗數據分析討論 ………………………………………… 32
4.3.1 速度與負載對磨耗率的影響 ………………………… 32
4.3.2 四種材料的磨耗率比較 ……………………………… 33
4.3.3 摩擦係數分析 ………………………………………… 33
4.3.4 外觀接觸溫度分析 …………………………………… 34
4.3.5 真實接觸溫度分析 …………………………………… 35
第五章 結論與建議 ………………………………………………… 37
5.1結論 ………………………………………………………… 37
5.2建議 ………………………………………………………… 38
參考文獻 …………………………………………………………….. 40
附圖 ………………………………………………………………….. 44

參考文獻
[01] 林榮盛，”潤滑學”，全華科技圖書出版社，1994。
[02] D. Tabor, “Wear a Critical Synoptic view,” J. of Lub. Tech., Trans of the ASME., Oct. 1977.
[03] J. P. Tu, X. H. Jie, Z. Y. Mao, M. Matsumura, “The effect of temperature on the unlubricated sliding wear of 5 CrNiMo steel against 40 MnB steel in the range 400-600oC”, Tribology International vol.31, no.5 pp.347-353, 1998.
[04] H. Hong, W. O. Winer, “A Fundamental Tribological Study of Ti/Al2O3 Contact in Sliding Wear”, Transactions of the ASME, vol. 111, pp. 504-509, 1989.
[05] J. L. Sullivan, N. W. Granville, “Reciprocating sliding wear of 9% Cr steel in carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures”, Trobology International, April 84 vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 63-71, 1984.
[06] J.H. Ouyang, Y.T. Pei, X.D. Li, T.C. Lei, “Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and sliding wear property of laser quenched 4Cr13 steel”, Wear 177, pp. 203-208,1994.
[07] F.H. Stott, “The role of oxidation in the wear of alloys”, Tribology International, vol. 31, no. 1-3, pp. 61-71, 1998.
[08] E. Vancoille, J. P. Celis and J. R. Roos, “Dry sliding wear of TiN based ternary PVD coatings”, Wear 165, pp. 41-49, 1993.
[09] Pei-Qiang Wu, H. Mohrbacher, J.P. Celis, “The fretting behaviour of PVD TiN coatings in aqueous solutions”, Wear 201, pp. 171-177, 1996.
[10] H. Mohrbacher, B. Blanpain, J.P. Celis, J.R.Roos, L. Stals, M. Van Stappen, “Oxidational wear of TiN coating on tool steel and nitrided tool steel in unlubricated fretting”, Wear 188, pp. 130-137,1995.
[11] T. F. J. Quinn, W. o. Winer, “ An Experimental Study of the ‘Hot-Spots’ Occurring During the Oxidational Wear of Tool Steel on Sapphire”, Journal of Tribology, April, vol. 109, pp. 315-320, 1987.
[12] Jen Fin Lin, “Application of the response surface method to the tribological analysis of a medium-carbon steel under mild-oxidational wear”, Journal of Tribology, vol. 121, pp.185-197, 1999.
[13] S. C. Lim, D. C. Isaacs, R. H. McClean, J. H. Brunton, “The unlubricated wear of sintered steels”, Tribology International, June 1987, vol. 20, no. 3, pp.144-149.
[14] M. Vardavoulias, “The role of hard second phases in the mild oxidational wear mechanism of high-speed steel-based materials”, Wear 173, pp. 105-114, 1994.
[15] W. Woytek Tworzydlo, Osama N. Hamzeh, Wieslaw Zaton, Tom J. Judek, “Friction-induced oscillations of a pin-on-disk slider: analytical and experimental studies”, Wear 236, pp. 9-23, 1999.
[16] Douglas Godfrey, “Friction oscillations with a pin-on-disk tribometer”, Tribology International, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 119-126, 1995.
[17] C. Papaphilippou, M. Vardavoulias, M. Jeandin, “The finfluence of humidity and the role of debris in the unlubricated wear of ductile cast iron against alumina”, Wear 177, pp. 151-157,1994.
[18] D.A. Rigney, “The roles of hardness in the sliding behavior of materials,” Wear 175, pp. 63-69, 1994.
[19] B. Ollivier, A. Matthews, “Relationship between interlayer hardness and adhesion and pin-on-disk behaviour for fast atom beam source diamond-likecarbon filrms”, J. Adhesion Sci. Technol., vol.9, no. 6, pp. 725-735, 1995.
[20] Robert N. Bolster, Irwin L. Singer, “Surface Hardness and Abrasive Wear Resistance of Ion-Implanted Steels”, Asle Transactions vol. 24, 4, pp. 526-532, 1980.
[21] J.F. Archard and W. Hirst, “The Wear of Metals under Unlubricated Conditions,” Proc. Roy. Soc., 236A, pp. 397,1956.
[22] N.P. Suh, “The Delamination Theory of Wear,” Wear 25, pp. 111-124, 1973.
[23] S.C. Lim and M.F. Asbhy, “Wear-Mechanism Maps,” Acta. Metall., vol. 35, pp. 1-24, 1987.
[24] J.A. Williams, “Engineering Tribology”, Oxford science publications, 1994.
[25] D.A. Rigney, “The roles of hardness in the sliding behavior of materials,” Wear 175, pp. 63-69, 1994.
[26] T.F.J. Quinn, “Oxidational wear modelling part 1,” Wear 153, pp. 179-200, 1992.
[27] T.F.J. Quinn, “Oxidational wear modelling part 2. The general theory of oxidational wear,” Wear 175, pp. 199-208, 1994.
[28] T.F.J. Quinn, “Oxidational wear modelling part 3. The effects of speed and elevated temperatures,” Wear 216, pp. 262-275, 1998.
[29] T.F.J. Quinn，”Review of oxidational wear, Part 1：The origins of oxidational wear”, Tribology International, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 257-271, 1983.
[30] T.F.J. Quinn, “Computational methods applied to oxidational wear”, Wear 199, pp. 169-180, 1995.
[31] T. F. J. Quinn, “The effectof hot spot temperature on the unlubricated wear of steel”, ASLE Trans., 10, pp. 158-168, 1967.
[32] C. B. Allen, T. F. J. Quinn, J. L Sullivan, “The Oxidational Wear of High-Chromium Ferritic Steel on Austenitic Stainless Steel,” Transactions of the ASME, April, vol. 107, pp. 172-179, 1985.
[33] 唐文聰，”鋼鐵材料選用要領”，全華科技圖書出版社，1995。
[34] “特殊鋼使用手冊”，天文貿易股份有限公司。
[35] 賴耿陽，”機械材料選用技術”，復漢出版社，1997。
[36] 莊佳瑜，”鋼材氧化磨耗率的數學預測模式”，國立台灣大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文，民87。
[37] 陳永安，”雷射披覆層與工具鋼磨耗機構之比較”，國立台灣大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文，民83。
[38] 陳建宏，”速度及負載對中碳鋼磨耗機構之影響”，國立台灣大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文，民81。
[39] 邱燈臺，”標準顯微鏡組織”，正文書局，1995。
[40] 陳建同，”經雷射處理後之金屬表面之磨耗機構研究”，國立台灣大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文，民81。
[41] H. So, “Charcateristics of wear results tested by pin-on-disc at moderate to high speeds,” Tribology International, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 415-423, 1996.
[42] H. So, “The mechanism of oxidational wear,” Wear 184, pp. 161-167, 1995.