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研究生:田宛靈
研究生(外文):Wan-Ling Tien
論文名稱:個人因素、情境因素與生涯成熟度關聯性之研究
論文名稱(外文):Effects of Personal and Situational Characteristics on Career Maturity
指導教授:吳美連
指導教授(外文):Me-Lien Wu
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:中原大學
系所名稱:企業管理研究所
學門:商業及管理學門
學類:企業管理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2006
畢業學年度:94
語文別:中文
論文頁數:90
中文關鍵詞:社會支持師徒關係內外控傾向自我效能生涯成熟度
外文關鍵詞:MentorshipInternal-external controlSocial supportSelf-efficacyCareer maturity
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:18
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生涯成熟度(Career maturity)近年來是被不斷討論的課題,已被視為影響個人生涯發展與未來職業選擇一個重要的因素。許多研究結果亦證實生涯成熟度愈高,則個人生涯發展愈佳,而職業準備度及日後之適應能力也愈好。碩士生是成年的拓展期,需直接面對人生發展與成就的挑戰,故在碩士階段必須為日後投入職場作充分準備,並且培養自己的興趣及就業意向,做出較適合自己職業抉擇。

本研究之研究目的,在探討個人因素、情境因素與碩士生生涯成熟度之關聯性。本研究採用問卷調查法,並就研究架構使用「自我效能」、「內外控傾向」、「師徒關係」、「社會支持」及「生涯成熟度」等量表,以分層隨機收樣進行取樣,回收有效樣本共計309份。以信度分析、相關分析、階層迴歸分析等方法對資料進行分析。

研究結果發現:1.情境因素中之師徒關係、社會支持對碩士生整體生涯成熟度而言無顯著預測能力;個人因素中女性、有先前工作經驗、內控傾向的碩士生,其整體生涯成熟度較高。2.情境因素中師徒關係、社會支持對碩士生選擇過程的投入與承諾而言無顯著預測能力;個人因素中有先前工作經驗與內控傾向的碩士生,其選擇過程的投入與承諾分數較高。3.情境因素中師徒關係、社會支持對碩士生職業選擇的獨立性而言無顯著預測能力;個人因素中理工學院的碩士生及有先前工作經驗、自我效能較高、內控者,其在職業選擇的獨立性上得分較高。4.情境因素中師徒關係、社會支持對碩士對工作的取向而言無顯著預測能力;個人因素中女性及內控傾向的碩士生,其在對工作的取向上得分較高。5.情境因素中師徒關係、社會支持對碩士生職業訊息及偏好上無顯著預測能力;個人因素中有先前工作經驗、家庭社經地位較低、內控傾向的碩士生,其在職業訊息及偏好上得分較高。

綜合研究結果,本研究建議教育單位及碩士生加強學生對未來職涯態度之了解、培養學生在學校時期的工作經驗、強化學生自我效能、強化指導教授與碩士生之師徒關係,並且重視學生的社會支持,如此才能增進碩士生擁有成熟的職涯發展態度及順遂的生涯歷程。
In recent years, career maturity is a topic to be discussed, and it is also an important factor effecting personal career development and career choice. Studies have shown that personal with higher career maturity manifest better career development, career preparation and future adaptation. Graduate students are adults and are facing life development and achievement challenge. In graduate school, students learn to cultivate interests, to be orientated toward employment, and to select the appropriate career choice.

This research aims to explore effects of personal and situational characteristics on career maturity. Surveyed questionnaire which includes self-efficacy, internal-external control, mentorship, social support, and career maturity was mailed to a stratifid random sample of graduate students. Three hundred and night questionnaires were returned. Reliability, correlation, and regression analysis are used to analyze the data. The results indicate that:
1. Mentorship and social support do not predict career maturity. However respondents who are female, have previous work experience, or are high on internal locus of control report higher degree of career maturity.
2. Mentorship and social support do not predict involvement and commitment of career choice. However respondents who have previous work experience, or are high on internal locus of control report higher degree of involvement and commitment of career choice.
3. Mentorship and social support do not predict independence of career choice. However respondents who are science and engineering college students, have previous work experience, are high on self-efficacy, or are high on internal locus of control report higher degree of independence of career choice.
4. Mentorship and social support do not predict orientation of career choice. However respondents who are female, or are high on internal locus of control report higher degree of orientation of career choice.
5. Mentorship and social support do not predict preference of career choice. However respondents who have previous work experience, are low on socioeconomics status, or are high on internal locus of control report higher degree of preference of career choice.

Based on the findings, we suggest that educational institution and graduate students may pay more attention to the students’ future career attitude, cultivate work experience, strengthen self-efficacy, enhance the mentorship of graduate students and adviser, and provide social support. Thus, it can help graduate students have mature career development and successful career.
論文摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 3
第三節 研究目的 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 生涯成熟度相關文獻探討 6
第二節 影響生涯成熟度之前因變項 19
第三章 研究架構與方法 32
第一節 研究架構 32
第二節 研究假設 33
第三節 研究變項之操作性定義與評量工具 33
第四節 研究對象與抽樣方法 38
第五節 樣本特徵描述 38
第六節 資料分析方法 42
第四章 研究結果與分析討論 43
第一節 衡量工具信度分析 43
第二節 研究變項之敘述性統計分析 49
第三節 假設驗證 51
第四節 假設檢定結論 60
第五章 研究結論與建議 61
第一節 研究結論 61
第二節 研究建議 65
第三節 研究限制 69
參考文獻 70
附錄一 81
附錄二 86

表目錄
表2.1-1 生涯發展之定義 7
表2.1-2 Super生涯發展階段 8
表2.1-3 生涯成熟度之定義 11
表2.1-4 Super生涯成熟模式 12
表2.1-5 生涯發展量表之分量表 15
表2.1-6 生涯成熟之衡量工具 16
表2.1-7 生涯成熟度之前因探討 18
表2.2-1 國內學者對基本變項與生涯成熟度之相關研究 20
表2.2-2 國外學者對基本變項與生涯成熟度之相關研究 20
表2.2-3 性別與生涯成熟度之相關研究 22
表2.2-4 國內學者對心理變項與生涯成熟度之相關研究 25
表2.2-5 國外學者對心理變項與生涯成熟度之相關研究 26
表3.2-1 社經地位表 34
表3.5-1 樣本基本資料表 39
表3.5-2 回收樣本所就讀之學校及系所 40
表4.1-1 自我效能之Cronbach’s α值 43
表4.1-2 內外控傾向之Cronbach’s α值 44
表4.1-3 師徒關係之Cronbach’s α值 45
表4.1-4 社會支持之Cronbach’s α值 46
表4.1-5 生涯成熟度之Cronbach’s α值 47
表4.1-6 修正後生涯成熟度各構面Cronbach’s α值 48
表4.2-1 研究變項之敘述性統計分析 50
表4.3-1 相關矩陣表 53
表4.3-2 個人因素與情境因素對生涯成熟度之階層迴歸分析 55
表4.4-1 假設驗證結果彙整表 60

圖目錄
圖2.1-1 Crites生涯成熟階層模式 13
圖2.2-1 各變數之間關聯性圖 31
圖3.1-1 本研究之研究架構圖 32
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58.臧聲遠(民93),兩種學位的戰爭 大學生飯碗碩士全面猛搶, Career 雜誌2002年10月號。
59.劉文宗(民87),專科生自我概念,生涯發展需求與輔導策略之研究,國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
60.劉筱寧(民90),徒弟個人特質、性別角色與師徒關係類型、性別組合對師徒功能影響之研究,中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
61.劉鳳珍(民92),與現實脫節的社會新鮮人?Cheers 雜誌 2003年6月號。
62.鄭晉傑(民79),企業新進人員生涯成熟、人格特質與工作壓力之關係研究,淡江大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。
63.薛宗煌(民85),高雄市中學生生涯發展之研究,國立高雄師範大學工業科技教育研究所碩士論文。
64.鍾宜玲(民93),大學生工作價值觀、生涯阻隔、生涯成熟之相關因素研究,臺南師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
65.簡秀雯(民86),生涯班級輔導活動對國小兒童生涯成熟態度與職業自我概念輔導效果之研究,國立屏東師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
66.簡秀雯(民86),生涯班級輔導活動對國小兒童生涯成熟態度與職業自我概念輔導效果之研究,國立屏東師範學國民教育研究所碩士論文。
67.顏蜜(民93),護理人員專業承諾及工作風險認知與生涯發展、離職傾向關聯性之研究—以某區域醫院為例,中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
68.羅時宏(民93),新進人員人格特質、資訊尋找行為與組織社會化之關聯性研究,國防管理學院資源管理研究所碩士論文。
69.蘇鍛佩(民91),生涯團體輔導方案對國小兒童生涯成熟、性別角色刻板印象、生涯覺察與職業自我概念輔導效果之研究,國立台南師範學院國民教育所碩士論文。

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