臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來台灣地區地下水污染事件層出不窮，現行之「土壤及地下水污染整治法」，雖然規定必須進行地下水污染調查及整治，但是受限於地質條件、現地環境及污染物特性，既有之整治技術往往難以經濟有效地清除所有的污染物。由於抽水井可用於捕集流經附近的地下水，因此可考量藉由抽水來控制流經污染源的地下水，以防止地下水污染持續擴展至下游地區。
本研究嘗試以有限元素數值模式計算抽水井捕集區。首先驗證抽水之水位洩降隨距離的變化是否符合Theis之解析解，結果指出，當時間增長時，抽水井的存在所造成之誤差減小，有限之模擬區域所造成之誤差增加。其次模擬在均勻之區域地下水流場中，抽水至地下水流達到穩態時之捕集區與靜滯點位置，計算結果與解析解相當接近，但當捕集區延伸範圍接近邊界時，受到有限之模擬區域及邊界條件之影響，模擬所產生的誤差較大，繼而，將經過驗證之數值模式應用於控制一個含氯有機化合物污染場址之地下水污染源，探討在涵蓋污染源的條件下，三種不同抽水系統之井位、井數、抽水量及場址外污染範圍的關係。模擬分析結果指出，對單井抽水設計模式而言，將抽水井設置於場址內其抽水量較置於場址西南角為大，但所衍生之場址外污染範圍較小，若欲進一步降低場址外污染範圍，可在場址邊界附近增設抽水井。
整體而言，有限元素數值模式計算所得之抽水井捕集區與解析解相當接近，有潛力應用於污染場址，以輔助評估水力控制污染源之可行性及經濟效益，但應用於實際場址時，勢必面臨複雜的水文地質狀況及不確定的污染源分布範圍，故宜考慮適度增加抽水井捕集區之涵蓋範圍，並進行地下水位與地下水質之監測，以確認水力控制污染源之可行性。

致謝……………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ
摘要………………………………………………………………….….Ⅱ
目錄……………………………………………………………………..Ⅲ
圖目………………………………………………………………...…...Ⅴ
表目…………………………………………………………...……..….Ⅶ
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………..1
1.1 研究動機………………………………………………………..1
1.2 研究目的………………………………………………………..1
1.3 研究方法及流程………………………………………………..2
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………………..4
2.1 抽水井捕集區之解析解……………………………………......4
2.2 抽水井捕集區之數值模擬...…………………………………...9
第三章 抽水井捕集區數值模式之驗證………………………………12
3.1 數學模式………………………………………….….………..12
3.1.1 瞬態抽水洩降之解析解………………………………..12
3.1.2 穩態抽水井捕集區之解析解……………………….….13
3.2 數值模式…………………………..……………………….….15
3.3 模式驗證…………………………………..……………….….16
3.3.1單井抽水之數值模擬………..………………………….16
3.3.2雙井抽水之數值模擬…………..…………….…………19
3.3.3均勻流場中抽水井捕集區之數值模擬.………………..21
第四章 地下水污染場址………………………………………… ……29
4.1 污染場址概況……..………………………………………..…29
4.2 污染物與污染源範圍……..…………………………………..32
4.2.1污染物及其特性……………..………………………….32
4.2.2污染源範圍之界定……………..…………….…………34
4.3 場址地下地質與水文地質概況……………….……………...37
第五章 控制污染源之模擬分析………………………………………43
5.1 單井設置於場址西南角－模式A……………………..……..43
5.2 單井設置於場址內－模式B…………………………..……..47
5.3 三口井設置於場址內－模式C…………………………..…..50
第六章 討論……………………………………………………………53
6.1 模式之誤差……………………………………………..……..53
6.2 污染源範圍界定與水文地質條件……………………..……..54
6.3 經濟效益分析比較………………………………………..…..54
第七章 結論與建議……………………………………………………58
參考文獻………………………………………………………………..60
附錄A 地下水流數值模擬程式……………………………………....63
附錄B 單井與雙井抽水數值模擬結果………………………………66
附錄C 各類重非水相之含氯有機化合物污染源範圍……………....72

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