臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

傳統風扇設計是利用二維翼型以堆疊成三維葉片，往往需要花費許多時間，且須多次修改。本研究利用風扇葉片設計軟體TUBBOdesign-1，將風扇的需求條件、子午面幾何(meridional geometry)與葉片負荷(blade loading)分佈輸入，以產生滿足設計需求的三維葉片，過程所需之程序與步驟變成極為簡潔與省時。使用計算流體動力學(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)軟體STAR-CD，以靜態網格計算市售之風扇(#1)與自行設計之風扇(#2)。經由計算分析結果，葉片特性愈好，所需扭力值愈低，故所需輸入功亦較少，效率也因此提高。就流場而言，在超過臨界值的背壓情況下，動葉片攻角過大時，容易造成氣流分離，產生失速現象，且會在翼尖間隙發生氣流逆流。而動葉片與靜葉片之間隙不宜太大，因為間隙太大會使流體無法直接流經靜葉片，而造成流體嚴重分離與洩漏。使用TUBBOdesign-1設計之葉片，因為翼型結構比傳統設計之風扇簡單，故在製程方面較容易製作。而在實驗所測得之風扇性能與設計目標十分接近，故此設計方法確實可行，並可以達到縮短風扇設計時間。

The conventional method in designing an axial-flow fan requires a large number of iterations. The present study adopts a new design process based on inverse design code TUBBOdesign-1 which requires meridional geometry and blade loading distribution as inputs. TUBBOdesign-1 will then generate the three-dimensional blade shape based on such inputs and eventually satisfies the design specifications. Analysis on the flow field is aided by STAR-CD particularly on static grid computation to compare the performance between a commercial fan (#1) and a newly designed fan (#2). Data generated from computer simulations show that the blade with good characteristics and lower torque yields high fan efficiency. Diagnoses made on the flow structure illustrate that inappropriate fan blade attack angle will cause the fan to stall due to critical back-pressure. Fan’s performance decay is induced by the leakage occurred along the clearance between the rotor and stator blades. The geometry of fan blade obtained through TUBBOdesign-1 appears simpler than conventional design method thus production process becomes easier. Close comparison of fan performance obtained by experiments proves that this design method is very much applicable and eventually offers considerable time reduction in the design process.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
符號索引 xi
表圖索引 xiv
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究目的與方法 9
第二章 風扇之設計、計算與實驗方法 10
2.1 設計方法 10
2.1.1 設計軟體的簡介 10
2.1.2 風扇結構 10
2.1.3 葉片設計流程 11
2.2 數值計算方法 13
2.2.1 計算流力軟體的簡介 13
2.3 統御方程式 16
2.3.1 穩態模式(Steady state) 16
2.4 紊流方法 17
2.5 數值模擬 20
2.5.1 網格及其生成方法概述 20
2.5.1.1 網格類型 20
2.5.1.2 網格之生成 20
2.5.2 計算網格 21
2.5.3 邊界條件與初始條件 22
2.5.4 出口邊界條件設定 22
2.6 數值方法 23
2.6.1 離散化方程式 23
2.6.2 穩態模式模式數值方法 25
2.6.3 SIMPLE與PISO解法理論 25
2.6.4 收斂標準 31
2.7 實驗方法 32
2.7.1 實驗設備與儀器 32
2.8 性能計算方法 34
2.8.1 風量計算 34
2.8.2 風壓計算 38
2.8.3 功率及效率 40
第三章 風扇之計算及實驗性能曲線 41
3.1 風扇計算性能曲線 41
3.1.1 #1風扇之性能曲線 41
3.1.2 #2風扇之性能曲線 41
3.1.3 #3風扇之性能曲線 42
3.1.4 #4風扇之性能曲線 42
3.2 風扇實驗性能曲線 43
3.2.1 #1風扇之性能曲線 43
3.2.2 #2風扇之性能曲線 43
3.3 風扇計算性能曲線與實驗結果之比較 44
3.3.1 #1風扇實驗性能曲線與計算結果之比較 44
3.3.2 #2風扇實驗性能曲線與計算結果之比較 45
第四章 CFD模擬#1風扇之流場與壓力場 46
4.1 CFD計算方法之結果與討論 46
4.1.1 CFD計算方法之性能曲線結果 46
4.2 翼型截面間的流場與壓力分佈 47
4.2.1 葉片間的流場結構 47
4.2.1.1 取像於r* = 0.64 47
4.2.1.2 取像於r* = 0.8 48
4.2.1.3 取像於r* = 0.987 49
4.2.2 靜壓壓力分佈 50
4.2.2.1 取像於r* = 0.64 50
4.2.2.2 取像於r* = 0.8 51
4.2.2.3 取像於r* = 0.987 51
4.2.3 總壓壓力分佈 52
4.2.3.1 取像於r* = 0.64x 52
4.2.3.2 取像於r* = 0.8 53
4.2.3.3 取像於r* = 0.987 54
4.3 徑向平面之葉片間的流場與壓力分佈 54
4.3.1 葉片間的流場結構 54
4.3.1.1 取像截面於y/H = 0 55
4.3.1.2 取像截面於y/H = 0.25 55
4.3.1.3 取像截面於y/H = 0.5 56
4.3.1.4 取像截面於y/H = 0.75 57
4.3.1.5 取像截面於y/H = 1 57
4.3.2 靜壓壓力分佈 58
4.3.2.1 取像截面於y/H = 0.25 58
4.3.2.2 取像截面於y/H = 0.5 59
4.3.2.3 取像截面於y/H = 0.75 59
4.3.2.4 取像截面於y/H = 1 60
4.3.3 總壓壓力分佈 60
4.3.3.1 取像截面於y/H = 0.25 60
4.3.3.2 取像截面於y/H = 0.5 61
4.3.3.3 取像截面於y/H = 0.75 61
4.3.3.4 取像截面於y/H = 1 62
第五章 CFD模擬#2風扇之流場與壓力場 63
5.1 CFD計算方法之結果與討論 63
5.1.1 CFD計算方法之性能曲線結果 63
5.2 翼型截面間的流場與壓力分佈 64
5.2.1 葉片間的流場結構 64
5.2.1.1 取像於r* = 0.64 64
5.2.1.2 取像於r* = 0.8 65
5.2.1.3 取像於r* = 0.987 66
5.2.2 靜壓壓力分佈 67
5.2.2.1 取像於r* = 0.64 67
5.2.2.2 取像於r* = 0.8 68
5.2.2.3 取像於r* = 0.987 68
5.2.3 總壓壓力分佈 69
5.2.3.1 取像於r* = 0.64x 69
5.2.3.2 取像於r* = 0.8 70
5.2.3.3 取像於r* = 0.987 70
5.3 徑向平面之葉片間的流場與壓力分佈 71
5.3.1 葉片間的流場結構 71
5.3.1.1 取像截面於y/H = 0 71
5.3.1.2 取像截面於y/H = 0.25 72
5.3.1.3 取像截面於y/H = 0.5 73
5.3.1.4 取像截面於y/H = 0.75 73
5.3.1.5 取像截面於y/H = 1 74
5.3.2 靜壓壓力分佈 75
5.3.2.1 取像截面於y/H = 0.25 75
5.3.2.2 取像截面於y/H = 0.5 75
5.3.2.3 取像截面於y/H = 0.75 76
5.3.2.4 取像截面於y/H = 1 76
5.3.3 總壓壓力分佈 77
5.3.3.1 取像截面於y/H = 0.25 77
5.3.3.2 取像截面於y/H = 0.5 78
5.3.3.3 取像截面於y/H = 0.75 78
5.3.3.4 取像截面於y/H = 1 79
第六章 結論與建議 80
參考文獻 81

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