臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要探討彼得‧謝弗的《戀馬狂》與《阿瑪迪斯》其中兩種相異文化的衝突和對峙及其間交錯複雜的 (chiasmatic) 關係。而此處所指兩種相異並對立的文化，乃分別藉德國哲學家福萊得瑞克‧尼采（Friederich Nietzsche) 就其第一本哲學著述《悲劇的誕生》所揭櫫「阿波羅式精神」與「戴奧尼索斯式精神」，及同時代英國文學家，也是社會評論學者馬修‧阿諾（Matthew Arnold）在其《文化與無政府》中所闡述之「希臘文化」與「希伯來文化」，來詮釋並分析彼得‧謝弗這兩個劇本中，兩種相異的文化，反映在人物性格、思想、處世態度、意識形態，乃至心理、精神、道德…等等層面之衝突、對立，並相互作用影響下所產生的調合。
自七O年代「解構主義」盛行以來，傳統理論所強調之〝二元對立〞觀點，似乎早已被推翻，更甚而被嗤之以鼻！然而，〝二元對立〞之觀念與想法卻絕對是謝弗劇本中不可或缺的元素，尤以《戀馬狂》與《阿瑪迪斯》為然。由此可見，縱使謝弗為人所熟知的劇本創作時間皆於「後現代主義」盛行時期，其創作理念卻橫跨「現代主義」與「後現代主義」的理論。
論文主要分五章，第一章說明彼得‧謝弗就當代劇作家的地位，並解釋以尼采和阿諾的哲／文學理論分析謝弗劇本《戀馬狂》與《阿瑪迪斯》之因。第二章分別揭示尼采筆下「阿波羅式精神」與「戴奧尼索斯式精神」和阿諾所論「希臘文化」與「希伯來文化」之真正意義，並釐清兩人理念之異同及其間之關係。第三章與第四章則分就尼采和阿諾哲／文學理論詮釋並解析《戀馬狂》與《阿瑪迪斯》兩劇本中，兩種異質文化的衝突和對峙。最後一章總論彼得‧謝弗的戲劇成就，及其戲劇當中縱橫交錯的〝二元文化對立與調合〞，不單超越了傳統純粹〝二元對立〞的想法，更為讀／觀／詮釋者提供並開拓了對人性、文化等不同的討論角度，以觸及更廣大深邃的詮釋空間。

This thesis mainly discusses conflicts and confrontations

between the two pairs of diametrical cultures--Friederich

Nietzsche’s philosophical theory--“Apollinian spirit” vs./

and “Dionysian force”--in his first published book The Birth

of Tragedy, and Matthew Arnold’s literary, philosophical as

well as social conception--Hellenism vs./and Hebraism--in

his Culture and Anarchy. In addition, their concepts of

these two polar cultures will be used to interpret the inter-

actively complicated relationships--the conflicts and con-

frontations as well as reconciliation between them--in Peter

Shaffer’s Equus and Amadeus, which are reflected on the two

pairs of the main characters’ personalities; ideas; life

attitudes; ideologies; mental, psychological, and moral dis-

positions in Equus and Amadeus.

The concept of “binary opposition” was not challenged until

Deconstruction which flourished in 1970s. “Binary opposi-

tion,” however, is an inevitable element in Shaffer’s plays,

especially in Equus and Amadeus. We thus can be sure that,

although some of Shaffer’s well-known plays were created in

the so-called Deconstruction (or Post-structuralism) period,

his creative rationales have something to do with both

Modernist and Post-modernist theories.

The introductory chapter illustrates not only the status

of Peter Shaffer among contemporary playwrights, but also the

reasons why Equus and Amadeus will be interpreted in the light

of Nietzsche’s and Arnold’s concepts. The second chapter

elucidates in detail the real meanings of both Nietzschean

and Arnoldian theoretical philosophies, and, above all,

clarifies the homogeneity and heterogeneity between them.

Chapters Three and Four deal individually with the con-

flicts and confrontations between the two cultures in Equus

and Amadeus. The final chapter talks about Peter Shaffer’s

great achievements in contemporary drama; moreover, his

chiasmatic idea of conflicts and reconciliation between two

polar cultures not merely excels traditional “binary opposi-

tion,” but provides readers/audiences/interpreters with

wider and deeper space and miscellaneous perspectives on

human nature and cultures as

well.

Abstract-------------------------------------------
Acknowledgment------------------------------------
Chapter
I. Introduction-----------------------------------1
II. The Relationships between
Friederich Nietzsche and Matthew Arnold-------7
III. When Apollo Meets Dionysus (I)--
A Nietzschean Study of
Peter Shaffer’s Equus------------------------39
IV. When Apollo Meets Dionysus (II)--
A Nietzschean and Arnoldian Study of
Peter Shaffer’s Amadeus----------------------70
V. Conclusion-------------------------------------100
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