臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

風力發電佔電力系統的比率逐漸提高，然而其來源變動性與不可預測的特性使系統併聯產生不利的影響。因此，必須輔以新的控制策略，來減少這些影響並確保電力系統保持穩定的運轉。
於再生能源的管理系統中，儲能系統扮演了關鍵的角色。當無法滿足電力需求時，儲能系統將多餘的電能作釋放或儲存。而在現今的儲能設備中，氫能具有能量密度高、用途廣泛、幾無汙染等優點；超級電容則具備轉換效率高與響應速度快等特色。
本研究結合離岸風力發電和氫能管理系統架構來調節饋入電網的輸出功率。本文提出一個控制策略使氫能管理系統能提供或吸收電網操作指令與風能實際輸出中的差值。整個控制架構係實現氫能管理系統與風場控制的出力協調，並以一序列的測試來驗證所提出架構的可行性及有效性。由測試結果顯示，在多種不同的運轉案例下，所提出的再生能源架構確能將之視為一大型傳統發電廠。

As the wind energy penetration in the power systems increase, so do the adverse impacts on the grid operation of such a variable and unpredictable resource. New control schemes need to be implemented to reduce these effects and ensure the stable operation of the power system. Storage systems emerged as a crucial component in the management of energy from the stand point of renewable sources, allowing energy to be stored or released into the grid whenever the power demand cannot be fulfilled. Among today’s energy storage developments, hydrogen based storage system features high energy density, wide application and virtually no pollution. Super-capacitors also perform fast response characteristics with high efficiency.
This thesis combines the offshore wind generation with the hydrogen management system to regulate the wind farm power output to the grid. A control scheme is devised such that the hydrogen management system delivers or absorbs the power discrepancy between the operator command and the wind farm output. The overall control scheme is realized by coordinating sub-controls on the hydrogen management system and wind farms.
A series of tests are conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Testing results from various operating scenarios indicate that the proposed renewable resource scheme can be operated like a large-scale conventional power plant.

ABSTRACT I
摘要 III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS V
TABLE OF CONTENTS VII
LIST OF FIGURES IX
LIST OF TABLES XVII
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 MOTIVATIONS 1
1.2 RESEARCH GOALS AND CONTRIBUTIONS 3
1.3 THESIS OUTLINE 4
CHAPTER 2: MODELING OF WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM 5
2.1 INTRODUCTION 5
2.2 WIND TURBINES DESIGN 5
2.3 WIND SPEED MODEL 13
2.4 TURBINE MODEL 16
2.5 PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR MODEL 20
2.6 FULL-SCALE POWER CONVERTER 25
2.7 OFFSHORE AC-BUS MODEL 33
2.8 HVDC TRANSMISSION MODEL 34
CHAPTER 3: STORAGE SYSTEM MODEL 43
3.1 INTRODUCTION AND SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 43
3.2 HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEM 46
3.3 SUPERCAPACITOR SYSTEM 69
3.4 HYDROGEN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OPERATION 78
3.5 STORAGE SYSTEM OVERVIEW 78
CHAPTER 4: INTEGRATION OF WIND TURBINES AND STORAGE SYSTEM 81
4.1 WIND TURBINE CONTROL 81
4.2 HYDROGEN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CONTROL 90
4.3 SYSTEM COORDINATION 101
CHAPTER 5: OPERATIONAL CASE STUDY 107
5.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 107
5.2 CASE STUDY 109
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 145
6.1 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 145
6.2 FUTURE WORK 146
REFERENCES: 147
APPENDIX A 153
APPENDIX B 165

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