臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究針對純銅(C1100)、Cu-30%Zn(C2600)、Cu-35%Zn(C2680)、Cu-40%Zn(C2801)四種合金的薄板材，探討加工硬化、退火硬化及退火軟化現象。利用拉伸實驗獲得應變硬化指數作為評估材料的加工硬化能力；板材經50%、60%及70%軋延加工後，其微硬度提升的趨勢與應變硬化指數大小相符。熱差分析(DSC)實驗顯示，塑性變形後的銅鋅合金在200-250℃與300-350℃分別出現一個放熱峰，前者為回復階段(發生退火硬化)放熱，後者為發生再結晶的能量釋放。發生在200-250℃的放熱峰值溫度，隨著鋅含量的增加而向低溫偏移，而放熱量則會隨著加工率與含鋅量的增加而增大；低溫退火效應使銅鋅合金的硬度、降伏強度及最大抗拉強度隨著加工率與含鋅量的增加而提高，但延展性則會下降。β´相的有序性在低溫退火(約200℃)提高的緣故，α+β´兩相黃銅較其他單相銅合金的退火硬化效應明顯。

This study is to investigate the effects of strain hardening, anneal hardening and anneal softening on microstructure and mechanical properties of copper, Cu-30%Zn, Cu-35%Zn and Cu-40%Zn alloy. The strain-hardening exponent was determined by tensile test and was used to compare the hardening capability of these alloys. It was found that the trend of hardness variation of sheet alloys with cold-rolling to 50%, 60% and 70% was consistent with the strain-hardening exponents.
The DSC curves show two distinct exothermal peaks for the brass alloys after plastic deformation. The first peak of 200-250℃ indicated the energy released due to the recovery, and the second peak of 300-350℃ is resulted from the store strain energy evolved during recrystalliztion, The first peak shifts toward to lower temperature with increasing Zn content. Meanwhile, the hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and the heat release of brass increases with increasing plastic deformation and Zn content due to low temperature annealing effects, but the ductility decreased, The hardening effect during low temperature annealing in two-phase (α+β´) brasses was found more obvious than those single-phase α alloys, since the atomic ordering strengthening β´ phase occurred at low annealing temperature(~200℃).

誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
ABSTRACT iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ii
1.緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究動機 3
2.文獻回顧 8
2.1銅與銅合金 8
2.2固溶強化 11
2.3應變強化 14
2.3.1晶粒大小對應變強化的影響 16
2.3.2疊差能對應變硬化的影響 18
2.3.3第二相對應變硬化的影響 23
2.4退火硬化 25
2.4.1原子尺寸錯配 26
2.4.2短程有序 26
2.4.3溶質原子氛圍影響 27
2.5退火軟化 34
2.5.1回復與再結晶 34
2.5.2影響回復與再結晶溫度的因素 35
3.實驗 40
3.1化學成分分析 41
3.2滾軋加工 41
3.3熱差分析(DSC) 41
3.4熱處理 42
3.5顯微組織分析 42
3.6微硬度試驗 42
3.7 X-ray繞射實驗 43
3.8拉伸試驗 43
4.結果與討論 44
4.1應變硬化 45
4.1.1顯微結構觀察 45
4.1.2 XRD量測 51
4.1.3機械性質 53
4.2退火硬化 58
4.2.1 DSC量測 58
4.2.2機械性質 65
4.3退火軟化 84
4.3.1回復與再結晶 84
5.結論 91
6.未來研究方向 92
參考文獻 93

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