臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

我國現行的兵役制度為徵兵制，憲法規定年滿十八歲的中華民國男子，均有服役的義務，近年來為提升我國軍素質，依國防組織法推動「精兵」政策，加強役男的入伍篩檢，排除罹患內外科、精神疾患者服役。全世界約有3％（二億）的人口罹患憂鬱症，國內憂鬱症患者有三十至三十六萬人，國防部輔導服務處八十八年全國軍官兵自我傷害案件有190件，以剛分發至部隊所佔比例最高（46.8%），近年來軍中意外事件頻傳，而役男的自殺多半突然沒有預警，役男家屬對於意外事件的發生則多責怪軍方的管教不當，甚而引發軍民的爭執、法律訴訟等問題。因此，本研究以北部某新兵訓練中心600位新兵為研究對象，並以Longitudinal study為研究方法，目的在探討新兵役男壓力與憂鬱症狀及其因應行為，使用基本資料表、人格量表、軍中壓力源量、壓力自覺量表、流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表、因應量表等結構性問卷施測，以描述性統計分析包括次數分配、百分比、平均值及標準差，並以推論性統計中廣意估計方程式模式進行分析。研究結果顯示新兵役男前兩週對軍中壓力源感受最大的為「生涯規劃」，依次為「工作量」、「認知問題」；後兩週對壓力源感受最大與前兩週相同，依次則為「營內外生活」、「單位特性」。在新兵役男的壓力症狀方面以「心理性壓力症狀」各項度最高依序為「焦慮」、「認知混亂」；在「生理性壓力症狀」各向度中，三次施測嚴重度最高者，分別為「腸胃-神經系統」、「肌肉緊張」、「呼吸系統」。而憂鬱症狀的影響因素則為人格特性及壓力症狀。在新兵役男的因應方式方面以「問題焦點」的因應方式使用較高，「問題焦點」的影響因素為年齡、內外向人格、軍中壓力源。而「情緒焦點」因應方式影響因素則為：吸菸喝酒、軍中壓力源、壓力症狀及憂鬱症狀。

The military service adopts conscription for the enlisted men. In the constitution of Taiwan, Republic of China, it cites that for a citizen who is eighteen years old, then he is obligated to serve in the military. For these years, for the purpose of keeping the quality of Armed Forces, the military standards for the physical examination have been very strict by excluding those who have the records of medical, surgery and psychological diseases to join the military.
Currently there are around 3% people (300 million) who suffer the depression, for Taiwan there are roughly 300 thousand to 360 thousand people who have the record of depression. According to the statistics of the Counseling and Services department of General Political Warfare Bureau, MND, 190 cases for the servicemen who happened to harm himself in the military in 1999. Among those cases, there are 46.8% cases for those who just reported to their stations, and usually there are no signs for their accidents. The family members of those servicemen always blame the military for their misconduct and mis-management, and sometimes those events lead to public conflicts, arguments and even lawsuits. Therefore, the research in the paper focuses on the 600 newly recruited soldiers at some Boot Camp Training Center located at northern Taiwan by the Longitudinal Study. The purpose of the research is to study the stress symptom, the depression symptom and their coping behaviors.
The tools include the basic information data, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Potential Sources of Stress Scale which developed by the military, the symptoms of stress self-assessment, Center For Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale( CES-D) and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Those questionnaires given to the servicemen use two statistics ways: the descriptive statistics and the inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics which includes frequencies, percentiles, mean and the standard deviation, and the inferential statistics which includes the Chi-Square test, the t-test and the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) for analyzing the results.
The analyzed results show that for the very first two weeks, the major pressure sources for those new recruits are rated as follows: the career planning, the workload and the recognition. And for the later two weeks, the pressure sources are the balance in barracks and outside the barracks and the unit missions and characteristics.
The stress symptom for the newly recruits falls into two categories: the psychological and physical pressure symptoms. For the psychological symptoms, they are anxiety and chaotic recognition, and for the physical pressure symptoms, there are stomach and neural systems, muscular stress and the respiratory system. The affecting factors for the depression symptoms are the introversion extraversion and pressure symptoms. The most often adopted coping ways by the servicemen are the problem-focused way, and the affecting factors for the problem-focused way are the ages, introversion extraversion and the military pressures. The affecting factors for the emotion-focused way are smoking and drinking, the military pressure source, the pressure symptoms and the depression symptoms.

中文摘要 V
Abstract VII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究重要性 2
第三節 研究目的 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 壓力 5
壹、壓力之定義 5
貳、壓力之相關理論 5
參、壓力源及對壓力源反應 9
肆、壓力之測量 15
第二節 憂鬱 16
壹、憂鬱之定義及症狀 16
貳、憂鬱理論 17
參、憂鬱之測量 20
第三節 因應行為 22
壹、因應之定義 22
貳、因應理論 22
參、因應之測量 28
第三章 研究方法 31
第一節 研究架構 31
第二節 名詞界定 31
第三節 研究設計與實施 33
第四節 研究工具 33
第五節 資料處理及統計分析 38
第四章 研究結果 39
第一節 研究對象之基本屬性 39
第二節 新兵役男軍中之壓力源 41
第三節 新兵役男之壓力症狀 43
第四節 新兵役男之憂鬱症狀 45
第五節 新兵役男之因應方式 48
第五章 討論 54
第一節 新兵役男軍中壓力源及其壓力症狀 54
第二節 新兵役男憂鬱症狀之影響因素 57
第三節 新兵役男因應方式之影響因素 62
第六章 結論與建議 70
第一節 結論 70
第二節 建議 72
第三節 限制 73
參考文獻 74
一、英文部分 74
二、中文部分 80
表一、新兵役男之基本屬性（N=375） 83
表二、壓力源各向度平均值及標準差之分佈（N=375） 84
表三、壓力症狀各向度平均值及標準差之分佈 85
表四、以T檢定及卡方檢定個人屬性在憂鬱症狀的差異情形 86
表五、GEE模式分析憂鬱症狀之影響因素 88
表六、GEE模式分析內向人格在三次施測憂鬱症狀之變化 88
表七、GEE模式分析外向人格在三次施測憂鬱症狀之變化 88
表八、因應方式各向度平均值及標準差之分佈 89
表九、GEE模式分析情緒因應方式之影響因素(模式一) 90
表十、GEE模式分析情緒因應方式之影響因素(模式二) 90
表十一、GEE模式分析情緒穩定性人格役男情緒因應方式三次施測之變化 90
表十二、GEE模式分析神經質人格役男情緒因應方式三次施測之變化 90
表十三、GEE模式分析內向性人格役男情緒因應方式三次施測之變化 91
表十四、GEE模式分析外向性人格役男情緒因應方式三次施測之變化 91
表十五、GEE模式分析問題因應方式之影響因素 91
表十六、GEE模式分析情緒穩定性人格役男問題因應方式三次施測之變化 91
表十七、GEE模式分析神經質人格役男問題因應方式三次施測之變化 91
表十八、GEE模式分析內向性人格役男問題因應方式三次施測之變化 92
表十九、GEE模式分析外向性人格役男問題因應方式三次施測之變化 92

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