臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

醫院手術室通常為全年24小時運轉，並且必須引進大量的新鮮空氣以及每小時數十次的換氣次數用以稀釋空氣中的污染物及處理微生物傳播所引起的感染問題，為能源高度集中且複雜之空調系統，且過去經常為了維護手術室之環境品質及應付緊急突發狀況，在其閒置時往往也將空調系統參數維持與使用中相同之設定，然而，其閒置時若仍維持與使用中相同之空調系統參數將造成大量的能源浪費。因此本研究將以臺灣某一地區醫院之手術室評估醫院手術室在閒置時降低ACH節能之可行性，透過數值模擬分析評估氣流分佈及污染物排除狀態，並實地量測手術室內環境參數包括壓力、溫度和濕度、空氣中微塵粒子數、微生物數量對於ACH降低之變化，確認節能策略之可行性，並以eQUEST軟體進行全年建築耗能模擬分析其回收效益。結果發現在手術室閒置時減少ACH之節能方案具有可行性，可在不對室內環境造成過大的影響下減少能源的消耗，而此節能策略每年將有57%的節能率及節省55000kWh的用電量且投資回收時間小於六個月。此外，吾人亦發現手術室於實際使用時因其空調系統之特殊配置，回風口可能會被閒置的醫療器材或其他預期之外的原因所阻擋，而當空調系統之實際運轉狀況與設計值有出入時，將可能導致環境參數惡化。因此本研究亦探討當回風口遭受阻擋時對於室內環境品質及能源使用之影響，並實地量測手術室內環境參數包括空氣中微塵粒子數、微生物數量對於回風口遭受阻擋時之變化，確認室內環境品質是否受到影響，且透過數值模擬分析評估氣流阻力，以eQUEST進行全年建築耗能模擬分析回風口遭受阻擋對於耗能的影響。結果發現在手術室在回風口遭受阻擋時，微塵粒子及微生物數量將隨著阻擋比例的提高而上升，當回風口阻擋比例為75%時微塵粒子取樣點不合格率將上升到76%，微生物數量則是平均提升了94%，而在能源消耗方面，當回風口阻擋比例為75%時每年將可能增加56220kWh的用電量。透過本論文之研究將可為醫院開刀房空調系統提供一感染控制及能源節約考量時之重要參考研究。

The HVAC systems for operating rooms are energy-intensive and sophisticated in that they operate 24 hours per day year-round and use large amount of fresh air with higher air change per hour(ACH) to deal with infectious problems and to dilute microorganisms. However, little quantitative information has been investigated about trade-off between energy-efficient HVAC system and indoor environment quality especially when the operating room was not occupied. The objective of this study is to present the field measurement approach on performance evaluation of the HVAC system for an unoccupied operating room. Variable air volume terminal box was conducted to verify the compromise of energy-saving potential and indoor environment parameters including pressurization, temperature and humidity, particle counts, microbial counts. Field measurements of a full-scale operating room have been carried out at a district hospital in Taiwan. The energy simulation code eQUEST has been applied to evaluate the annual energy consumption and pay back year while conducting the velocity reduction approach in the unoccupied operating room. The results revealed that it is feasible to reduce energy consumption up to 57%(55000kWh saving) within 6 months pay back in the unoccupied operating room. Furthermore, the study of the block of returning grille to the indoor environment parameters as well as energy consumption of the operating rooms have been investigated comprehensively. Field measurement and energy simulation were used to evaluate the effect of energy consumption with mal-function of returned air system. The results reveal that the particle counts and microbial counts will increase up to 76% and 94% respectively under 75% coverage of returning air grille. It also results in more energy consumption of 56220kWh accordingly. It will stimulate a more robust investigation of infection-controlled and energy-efficient HVAC system specific for operating rooms.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究目的與動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
第2章 醫院潔淨室系統及環境參數 13
2.1 無塵室之相關法規 13
2.2 VAV系統概述 20
第3章 醫院潔淨室量測系統介紹 25
3.1 醫院潔淨室系統描述 25
3.2 實驗之量測儀器 33
第4章 數值模擬分析 45
4.1 FLUENT軟體 45
4.2 eQUEST軟體 48
4.3 醫院潔淨室數值模擬 51
4.4 醫院建築耗能模擬 60
第5章 結果與討論 71
5.1 醫院潔淨室閒置時之環境參數與耗能分析 71
5.2 醫院潔淨室回風口遭受阻擋時之環境參數與耗能分析 87
第6章 結論與建議 97
6.1 結論 97
6.2 建議 98
參考文獻 99

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