臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

洋甘菊組成分豐富，包括精油、萜類、類黃酮、多醣類物質及酚
酸等物質，除作為食品添加物及化妝品原料外，更能舒緩關節的疼
痛、防蟲、抗炎症、抗過敏、抗病毒、止痛、鎮靜、促消化等藥效。
本研究主要目的為探討栽培在屏東之洋甘菊於不同物種、不同栽培密
度、栽培季節、種植日數、植株部位及不同灌溉水量對農藝性狀、酚
類化合物與抗氧化能力的影響。試驗分成三個部分：(一) 不同種洋
甘菊之栽培密度對產量及抗氧化力之影響。(二) 不同種洋甘菊在不
同栽培季節、種植日數、栽培密度及植株部位的抗氧化能力。(三) 羅
馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量之抗氧化能力及活性成分。
羅馬洋甘菊及德國洋甘菊種子在不同溫度下之發芽率、發芽勢以
20℃較佳。兩種洋甘菊於不同栽培密度時各種農藝性狀及抗氧化能
力，皆以300 plant m-2 栽植密度表現最佳，農藝性狀如株高、分枝長、
分枝數、節位數、葉長性狀，花朵數、鮮重及花朵鮮重產量，隨著栽
培密度增加而逐漸下降。栽培於300 plant m-2 密度之羅馬洋甘菊及德
國洋甘菊具最佳之捕捉DPPH 自由基能力、清除超氧陰離子、捕捉
ABTS 自由基能力、總酚及總類黃酮含量。
兩種洋甘菊在不同栽培季節、種植日數、栽培密度的農藝性狀，
兩種洋甘菊皆以栽培密度300 plant m-2 有最佳農藝性狀表現，並隨種
植日數增加而上升；羅馬洋甘菊的株高表現以春季最佳，分枝數及分
II
枝長以秋天較佳，節位數、葉長及鮮重則以冬天表現較佳；德國洋甘
菊的株高與分枝長以夏季較佳，分枝數及節位數以春天較佳，兩種洋
甘菊的鮮重產量皆以冬季較佳，夏季之全部農藝性狀表現最差。
兩種洋甘菊栽植於密度300 plant m-2 時，羅馬洋甘菊在夏季之任
何成熟時期葉片較其它季節含有較高的DPPH 自由基捕捉能力、清除
超氧陰離子和ABTS 自由基捕捉能力、總酚、總類黃酮及活性成分的
含量，夏季葉片之DPPH 自由基捕捉、總還原力和ABTS 自由基捕捉
能力及酚類化合物隨成熟期而增加。德國洋甘菊在夏季第30 天採收
之根部較其它季節有較高的DPPH 自由基捕捉能力，春季及夏季之葉
片較其它季節有較高的清除超氧陰離子和ABTS 自由基捕捉能力、總
酚和總類黃酮含量，活性成分則以夏季及冬季含量較高。德國洋甘菊
在春季和夏季的根部和葉片之全部抗氧化能力較其它季節高。
兩種洋甘菊栽植於密度400 plant m-2 時，羅馬洋甘菊在夏季和冬
季之任何生長時期葉片較其它季節有較高的DPPH 自由基捕捉能
力、清除超氧陰離子和ABTS 自由基捕捉能力，夏季和春季之任何成
熟時期莖部，含有較高的總酚和總類黃酮含量。德國洋甘菊在夏季第
30 天採收之根部較其它季節有較高的DPPH 自由基捕捉能力，春季
及夏季之葉片較其它季節有較高的清除超氧陰離子和ABTS 自由基
捕捉能力、總酚和總類黃酮含量，春季和夏季之根部和葉片之全部抗
氧化能力較其它季節高。
兩種洋甘菊栽植於不同季節密度600 plant m-2 時，羅馬洋甘菊在
夏季之任何成熟時期根部較其它季節含有較高的DPPH 自由基捕捉
能力，葉片之清除超氧陰離子和ABTS 自由基捕捉能力、總酚和總類
黃酮含量含量較根部和莖部高。德國洋甘菊於春季第90 天採收之葉
片較其它季節有較高清除超氧陰離子能力，德國洋甘菊各季節葉片之
抗氧化能力均較其它部位高。
兩種洋甘菊之活性成分umbelliferone、herniarine 及bergapten，
III
在不同栽培季節、種植日數、栽培密度之含量變化，栽培密度在300
plant m-2 有較高的活性成分含量。羅馬洋甘菊以春季及夏季較高；德
國洋甘菊則以夏季及冬季較高。
羅馬洋甘菊在正常灌溉水量（-0.03Mpa）之分枝長、分枝芽數和
鮮重較中度缺水（-0.06Mpa）好，又以修剪長度20 公分表現較佳，
但修剪長度10 公分之分枝數和葉長則以-0.06Mpa 較好；在不同灌溉
水量修剪10 公分之植物色素含量， -0.03Mpa 處理之葉綠素a、葉綠
素b、葉綠素和類胡蘿蔔素含量較高，且隨種植日數增加而上升，而
-0.06Mpa 處理含量較低且逐漸下降，葉綠素a/b 比值則以-0.06Mpa
處理大於-0.03Mpa 處理。
羅馬洋甘菊以 -0.06Mpa 處理有較高之DPPH 自由基捕捉能力、
總還原力、ABTS 自由基捕捉能力、總酚和總類黃酮含量，且隨著種
植日數而增加，而清除超氧陰離子能力以-0.03Mpa 處理表現較佳；
修剪處理以20 公分具有最好的DPPH 自由基及ABTS 自由基捕捉能
力，5 公分處理有較高之總酚和總類黃酮含量，未修剪處理則有較高
清除超氧陰離子能力和總還原力。
羅馬洋甘菊之活性成分umbelliferone、herniarine 及bergapten 在
不同灌溉水量、修剪長度及採收時期，以-0.06Mpa 處理且修剪10 公
分有較高含量。
總之，洋甘菊之農藝性狀、酚類化合物、抗氧化能力及重要活性
成分，隨著物種、種植密度、生長季節、成熟時期、植株部位和不同
灌溉水量與修剪處理而改變。

Chamomile have rich content, including essential oils, terpenoids,
flavonoids, polysaccharides and phenolic acids. In addition to be used as
food nutrient additive and raw materials for cosmetics, it has therapeutic
efficacy of relieving joint pain, effectively preventing insect bites,
anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, anti-virus, relieving pain, sedation and
improving digestion. The main objective of the study is to investigate the
effect of the agronomic characteristics, phenolic compounds and
anti-oxidant capacitie different species, planting densities, growth seasons,
harvesting periods, plant parts and irrigation amount in Pingtung of
chamomile. The study was divided into three parts: (1) To evaluate the
effects of planting densities on yields and anti-oxidant capacities of
different chamomile species. (2) To evaluate the anti-oxidant capacities of
different chamomile species in different planting seasons, growth periods,
planting densities and plant parts. (3) To evaluate the antioxidant
capacities and active content at different irrigation of Roman Chamomile.
The germination rates of Roman Chamomile and German
V
Chamomile seeds, had the best performance in germination percentage
and germinating force of seeds at 20℃.Both Roman Chamomile and
German Chamomile had the best performance of various agronomic
characteristics and antioxidant capacities at the planting density of 300
plant m-2. The agronomic characteristics, such as plant height, branch
length, node number, leaf length characteristics, flower number, flower
fresh weight and flower fresh weight yield, decreased gradually with
increasing planting density. The two species, planting at the density of
300 plant m-2 shows highest DPPH scavenging effect, scavenging
superoxide anions, ABTS scavenging effect, and had higher content of
total phenolic, total flavonoids.
At different planting densities of Roman Chamomile and German
Chamomile, had the optimal performance in agronomic characteristics at
300 plant/m2. In addition, the performance became better with the
increasing planting days. The optimal plant height of Roman Chamomile
show the in Spring, but the branches and had better branch length in
Autumn, nodes, longer leaves length and fresh weight in Winter were
better. German Chamomile had better plant height and longer branches
length in Summer and more branches and nodes in Spring. Two species of
Chamomile had the best fresh weights in Spring and the worst agronomic
characteristics in Summer.
At density of 300 plant m-2, the leaves in spring shows displayed the
highest DPPH scavenging effect, scavenging superoxide anions, ABTS
scavenging effect and higher contents of total phenols and total flavoroids
of Roman Chamomile. The root of German Chamomile harvested on the
30th day in Summer were possessed of higher capabilities of capturing
DPPH free radicals. And leaves were possessed of higher capabilities of
scavenging superoxide anions, capturing ABTS free radicals and higher
contents of total phenols and total flavoroids in Spring and Summer. The
VI
contents of active content were higher in Summer and Winter. In addition,
the capabilities of capturing DPPH free radicals, total reducing power and
capturing ABTS free radicals would be enhanced with the maturity of
plant. The roots and leaves of German Chamomile had higher
anti-oxidant capacity in Spring and Summer.
At density of 400 plant m-2, leaves of Roman Chamomile were
possessed the highest DPPH scavenging effect, scavenging superoxide
anions and ABTS scavenging effect in Summer and Winter. And stems
were possessed higher contents of total phenols and total flavoroids. The
roots of German Chamomile harvested on the 30th day in Summer were
possessed of highest DPPH scavenging effect. Its leaves were possessed
of higher capabilities of scavenging superoxide anions, capturing ABTS
free radicals and higher contents of total phenols and total flavoroids in
Spring and Summer. The roots and leaves of German Chamomile had
higher antioxidant capacity in Spring and Summer.
At density of 600 plant m-2, leaves of Roman Chamomile were
possessed of highest DPPH scavenging effect. Its leaves were possessed
the higher capabilities of scavenging superoxide anions and capturing
ABTS free radicals and higher contents of total phenols and total
flavoroids than its roots and stems. The leaves of German Chamomile
harvested on the 90th day in Spring were possessed the higher capabilities
of scavenging superoxide anions. Leaves of German Chamomile showed
better anti-oxidant capacities in all seasons.
To investigate the variations active constituents Umbelliferone,
Herniarine and Bergapten, of two Chamomile species, in different
planting seasons, harvesting periods and planting densities.There were
higher contents of Umbelliferone, Herniarine and bergapten at the density
of 300 plant m-2. Roman Chamomile was possessed of higher contents of
VII
active constituents in Spring and Summer, German Chamomile were
higher in Summer and Winter.
The branch lengths, branch bud numbers and fresh weights of
Roman Chamomile under normal irrigation amount (-0.03Mpa) were
better than mild water stress (–0.06Mpa). And the performance were
better with 20cm cutting. On the opposite, the branch numbers and leaf
lengths of Roman Chamomile with 10cm cutting under irrigation amount
-0.06Mpa were better than -0.03Mpa. The contents of chlorophyll a,
chlorophyll b, chlorophyll and carotenoids of Roman Chamomile with
10cm cutting under -0.03Mpa increased with increasing planting days.
But there decreased with planting days under -0.06Mpa.irrigation amount
-0.06Mpa. The chlorophyll a/b under -0.06Mpa than -0.03Mpa.
Roman Chamomile possessed the higher capabilities of capturing
DPPH free radicals, total reducing powers, capabilities of capturing
ABTS free radicals, contents of total phenols and total flavoroids under
(-0.06Mpa). These possessions increased with increasing planting days.
The capability of scavenging superoxide anions under -0.03Mpa were
better 20cm cutting treatment was possessed the highest capabilities of
capturing DPPH free radicals and ABTS free radicals. 5cm cutting
treatment was possessed of higher contents of total phenols and total
flavoroids. Without cutting treatment was possessed higher capabilities of
scavenging superoxide anions and stronger reducing powers.
Roman Chamomile had the highest contents of the active
constituents, (Umbelliferone, Herniarine and Bergapten) under water
stress (-0.06Mpa) and 10cm cutting treatment.
In conclusion, the agronomic characteristics, phenolic compounds,
antioxidant capacities and active content of Chamomile would be
VIII
changed by different species, planting density, growth seasons, mature
periods, plant parts, irrigation amounts and cutting treatment.

目錄
頁次
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………I
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………IV
誌謝………………………………………………………………………IX
目錄………………………………………………………………………X
圖表目錄…………………………………………………………………XI
壹、前言…………………………………………………………………01
貳、前人研究……………………………………………………………04
一、不同種洋甘菊之栽培密度對產量及抗氧化力之影響………04
二、不同種洋甘菊在不同栽培季節、生長時期、栽培密度及
植株部位的抗氧化能力………………………………………08
三、羅馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量之抗氧化能力及活性成分……13
參、材料與方法…………………………………………………………18
一、不同種洋甘菊之栽培密度對產量及抗氧化力之影響………18
二、不同種洋甘菊在不同栽培季節、生長時期、栽培密度及
植株部位的抗氧化能力………………………………………23
三、羅馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量之抗氧化能力及活性成分……29
肆、結果…………………………………………………………………36
一、不同種洋甘菊之栽培密度對產量及抗氧化力之影響………36
二、不同種洋甘菊在不同栽培季節、生長時期、栽培密度及
植株部位的抗氧化能力………………………………………46
三、羅馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量之抗氧化能力及活性成分……88
伍、討論................................................................................................112
一、不同種洋甘菊之栽培密度對產量及抗氧化力之影響………112
二、不同種洋甘菊在不同栽培季節、生長時期、栽培密度及
植株部位的抗氧化能力………………………………………114
三、羅馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量之抗氧化能力及活性成分……122
陸、結論…………………………………………………………………127
參考文獻…………………………………………………………..……..129
附錄………………………………………………..……………………. 158
作者簡介………………………………………………………………... 163
XI
圖表目錄
頁次
圖01. 洋甘菊中主要活性物質的化學結構……………………………10
圖02. 兩種洋甘菊種子在不同溫度下之發芽率………………………37
圖03. 兩種洋甘菊種子在不同溫度下之發芽勢………………………38
圖04. 兩種洋甘菊種子在不同溫度下之平均發芽日數………………38
表01. 不同溫度處理對不同物種洋甘菊種子發芽試驗之變方分析…36
表02. 洋甘菊在不同種植密度及物種農藝性狀之變方分析…………40
表03. 洋甘菊在不同種植密度及物種，主效應與交感效應抗氧化
能力之變方分析…………………………………………………41
表04. 洋甘菊在不同種植密度下之農藝性狀…………………………44
表05. 洋甘菊在不同種植密度下之抗氧化能力………………………45
表06. 不同季節與種植天數於各種植密度，洋甘菊之農藝性狀之
變方分析…………………………………………………………47
表07. 不同種植密度與物種於各季節，洋甘菊之農藝性狀之
變方分析…………………………………………………………48
表08. 在不同種植密度、季節、種植天數洋甘菊植株之株高………51
表09. 在不同種植密度、季節、種植天數洋甘菊植株之分枝數……52
表10. 在不同種植密度、季節、種植天數洋甘菊植株之分枝長……55
表11. 在不同種植密度、季節、種植天數洋甘菊植株之節位數……56
表12. 在不同種植密度、季節、種植天數洋甘菊植株之葉長………57
表13. 在不同種植密度、季節、種植天數洋甘菊植株之鮮重………58
表14. 不同種植密度與物種於各季節，洋甘菊之抗氧化能力之
變方分析…………………………………………………………60
表15. 洋甘菊不同季節種植與植株部位抗氧化能力之變方分析……61
表16. 洋甘菊在種植密度300 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位的捕捉DPPH 自由基能力……………………………62
表17. 洋甘菊在種植密度400 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位的捕捉DPPH 自由基能力……………………………63
表18. 洋甘菊在種植密度600 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位的捕捉DPPH 自由基能力……………………………64
表19. 洋甘菊在種植密度300 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
XII
植株部位之捕捉超氧陰離子能力………………………………66
表20. 洋甘菊在種植密度400 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位之捕捉超氧陰離子能力………………………………67
表21. 洋甘菊在種植密度600 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位之捕捉超氧陰離子能力………………………………68
表22. 洋甘菊在種植密度300 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位之捕捉ABTS 自由基能力……………………………70
表23. 洋甘菊在種植密度400 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位之捕捉ABTS 自由基能力……………………………71
表24. 洋甘菊在種植密度600 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位之捕捉ABTS 自由基能力……………………………72
表25. 洋甘菊在種植密度300 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位之總酚含量……………………………………………74
表26. 洋甘菊在種植密度400 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位之總酚含量……………………………………………75
表27. 洋甘菊在種植密度600 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位之總酚含量……………………………………………76
表28. 洋甘菊在種植密度300 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位之總類黃酮含量………………………………………78
表29. 洋甘菊在種植密度400 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位之總類黃酮含量………………………………………79
表30. 洋甘菊在種植密度600 株平方米-2 不同季節、種植天數及
植株部位之總類黃酮含量………………………………………80
表31. 洋甘菊不同物種在不同種植密度於各季節之活性成分之
變方分析…………………………………………………………82
表32. 洋甘菊在不同種植密度下之不同種植季節、種植天數之
活性成分之變方分析……………………………………………83
表33. 洋甘菊植株在不同種植密度、季節、種植天數之
umbelliferone 含量………………………………………………84
表34. 洋甘菊植株在不同種植密度、季節、種植天數之
herniarine 含量……………………………………………………85
表35. 洋甘菊植株在不同種植密度、季節、種植天數之
XIII
bergapten 含量……………………………………………………87
表36. 羅馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量處理之修剪長度與採收月份之
農藝性狀變方分析………………………………………………89
表37. 羅馬洋甘菊在不同修剪長度之不同灌溉水量與採收月份之
農藝性狀變方分析………………………………………………90
表38. 羅馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量、種植月份及修剪長度之
鮮重及葉長………………………………………………………91
表39. 羅馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量、種植月份及修剪長度之
分枝長、數及芽數………………………………………………93
表40. 羅馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量之修剪長度與採收月份
植物色素變方分析………………………………………………95
表41. 羅馬洋甘菊在不同修剪長度之不同灌溉水量與採收月份
植物色素變方分析………………………………………………96
表42. 羅馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量之種植月份及修剪長度之
葉綠素a 及b 含量………………………………………………97
表43. 羅馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量之種植月份及修剪長度之
葉綠素總量及葉綠素a/b………………………………..………99
表44. 羅馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量之種植月份及修剪長度之
類胡蘿蔔素…………………….....………………………………100
表45. 羅馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量之修剪長度與採收月份
抗氧化能力變方分析……………………………………………102
表46. 羅馬洋甘菊在不同修剪長度不同灌溉水量與採收月份之
抗氧化能力變方分析……………………………………………103
表47. 羅馬洋甘菊植株在不同灌溉水量、種植月份及修剪長度之
總酚及類黃酮含量………………………………………………104
表48. 羅馬洋甘菊植株在不同灌溉水量、種植月份及修剪長度之
抗氧化能力………………………………………………………106
表49. 羅馬洋甘菊植株在不同灌溉水量、種植月份及修剪長度之
抗氧化能力………………………………………………………107
表50. 羅馬洋甘菊不同灌溉水量處理修剪長度與採收月份之
活性成分變方分析 ……………………………………………..109
表51. 羅馬洋甘菊在不同修剪長度不同灌溉水量與採收月份之
XIV
活性成分變方分析……………………………………………110
表52. 羅馬洋甘菊植株在不同灌溉水量、種植月份及修剪長度
之活性成分……………………………………………………111
附表1. 不同種洋甘菊栽培密度之田間作業紀錄( 2009 及2010 ) .…158
附表2. 不同種洋甘菊在不同栽培季節中及不同生長時期之
田間作業紀錄( 2010 及2011 ) ……………………………… 159
附表3. 羅馬洋甘菊在不同灌溉水量之田間作業紀錄(2011 及2012)160
附表4. 不同種洋甘菊在屏科大栽植開花期記錄
(2009 年02 月~2010 年05 月) ……………………………… 161
附表5. 洋甘菊栽培期間之氣象資料(2009 年1 月~2012 年3 月) … 162

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