臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

論文名稱: 田納西˙威廉斯之慾望街車中常規化的探討 頁數: 86
校系(所)組別: 私立淡江大學 西洋語文研究所
畢業時間及提要別: 八十八學年度第一學期碩士學位論文提要
研究生: 陳思嘉 指導教授: 狄殷豪 博士
論文提要內容:
人生活於團體中往往被要求去遵循屬於該團體的常規。 法國歷史學家米歇爾˙傅柯(Michel Foucault)將此團體稱之為常規化社會(normalizing society)並指出此團體試圖藉規訓的力量(disciplinary power)以達成其將個體常規化的目的。 在規訓與懲罰一書中, 傅柯闡述了常規化社會的運作: 我們的社會總是利用一種無所不在令人無所遁形的規訓力量來操控我們的生活, 進而維持社會秩序和安定。 任何意圖破壞社會秩序的個體皆得接受規訓矯正以符合常規。 倘使該個體抗拒規訓或其行為無法常田納西˙威廉斯(Tennessee Williams)之慾望街車(A Streetcar Named Desire)描寫兩個截然不同文化的相遇與其衍生的一連串紛爭衝突。 這兩個文化代表不同的常規標準: 一方是劇中女主角--出生於一個勢微的美國南方上流社會家庭的白蘭琪所代表的貴族社會常模, 另一方則是與之對立的社會-伊里郡(Elysian Fields)勞工階層的常規標準。 當白蘭琪歷經婚姻失敗, 同性戀丈夫舉槍自盡和家族破敗的煎熬, 身無分文的來到伊里郡投靠妹妹史黛拉及妹夫史坦利, 伊里郡的勞工階層文化及其中男女沉醉於原始慾望的滿足與白蘭琪格格不入。 日復一日, 白蘭琪與伊里郡的領導人物-妹夫史坦利的摩擦與日俱增, 兩人形同水火。 為了解決衝突, 化解誓不兩立的局面, 白蘭琪和伊里郡的居民(以史坦利為首)分別採取個自的策略: 白蘭琪嚐試著去同化他人, 而伊里郡的居民則致力於利用常規化的技術馴服白蘭琪。 故事結尾, 雙方都失敗了。 勢單力薄的白蘭琪落得被驅離的下場--精神恍惚的她被妹妹史黛拉及妹夫史坦利送進了精神病院, 成了社會邊緣人。
本論文的探討將分為三方向: 第一 為劇中兩個常模下定義並詳述兩者衍生出的衝突和危機。 第二 探究白蘭琪和伊里郡居民所採用的解決危機策略。 最後, 將討論白蘭琪被驅離及邊緣化的過程。
田納西˙威廉斯(Tennessee Williams)之慾望街車(A Streetcar Named Desire)描寫兩個截然不同文化的相遇與其衍生的一連串紛爭衝突。 這兩個文化代表不同的常規標準: 一方是劇中女主角--出生於一個勢微的美國南方上流社會家庭的白蘭琪所代表的貴族社會常模, 另一方則是與之對立的社會-伊里郡(Elysian Fields)勞工階層的常規標準。 當白蘭琪歷經婚姻失敗, 同性戀丈夫舉槍自盡和家族破敗的煎熬, 身無分文的來到伊里郡投靠妹妹史黛拉及妹夫史坦利, 伊里郡的勞工階層文化及其中男女沉醉於原始慾望的滿足與白蘭琪格格不入。 日復一日, 白蘭琪與伊里郡的領導人物-妹夫史坦利的摩擦與日俱增, 兩人形同水火。 為了解決衝突, 化解誓不兩立的局面, 白蘭琪和伊里郡的居民(以史坦利為首)分別採取個自的策略: 白蘭琪嚐試著去同化他人, 而伊里郡的居民則致力於利用常規化的技術馴服白蘭琪。 故事結尾, 雙方都失敗了。 勢單力薄的白蘭琪落得被驅離的下場--精神恍惚的她被妹妹史黛拉及妹夫史坦利送進了精神病院, 成了社會邊緣人。
本論文的探討將分為三方向: 第一 為劇中兩個常模下定義並詳述兩者衍生出的衝突和危機。 第二 探究白蘭琪和伊里郡居民所採用的解決危機策略。 最後, 將討論白蘭琪被驅離及邊緣化的過程。

Title of the Thesis: Normalization in Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire Total Pages: 86
Key Words: normalization, disciplinary power, Michel Foucault
Name of Institute: Graduate Institute of Western Languages and Literature
Tamkang University
Graduate Date: January, 2000 Degree Conferred: Master of Arts
Name of Student: Szu-chia Chen 陳思嘉 Adviser: Dr. Reinhard Duessel
Abstract:
Within each social group, every member in his/her small society is required to conform to a "norm." The social group, according to Michel Foucault, is a "normalizing society," which intends to normalize individuals with its "disciplinary power."
In Discipline and Punish, Foucault elaborates on how our society has become a "carceral society" due to the "increasing normalization of modern culture." The incarceration encloses our lives with the omnipresent disciplinary power. With the constant functioning of disciplinary power, the society maintains order and stability. The one who violates the tranquil order is treated seriously. Disciplinary power comes to the forefront to correct, or namely, to "train" the distracted one, back on track to become "normal." If the task of normalization fails, disciplinary power will exclude and isolate the deviant by driving him/her to the margin of the society.
The tragedy of Tennessee William's A Streetcar Named Desire is about the confrontation of two separate norms: when Blanche's aristocratic norm encounters the norm of Elysian Fields, the diversity in conventions and values results in conflicts and a crisis. My discussion in this thesis thus will mainly apply Foucault's argument about normalization to exploring how the individuals from each norm solve these conflicts and the crisis.
Blanche DuBois represents the aristocratic norm while Elysian Fields, which Blanche's sister Stella and brother-in-law Stanley inhabit, stands for the primitive norm. When Blanche is compelled to live with Stella and Stanley in the blue-collared neighborhood of Elysian Fields, the encounter of the two norms evokes a series of conflicts. As the interaction among these characters heightens, a crisis of survival is produced: not only Blanche but also the community finds each other's existence threatening their survival.
In order to overcome the conflicts and ensure survival, Blanche and the community resort to similar strategies: Blanche intends to assimilate other characters to include them within her norm while the community, led by Stanley, adopts the techniques of normalization in order to discipline Blanche.
The outcome of the competition of the two norms is that neither Blanche nor the community succeeds in their attempts. The result leads Blanche toward devastation: the community decides to exclude her from their society. At the end of the play, the mentally deranged Blanche is driven to the margin of the society-she is sent to the asylum.
My discussion in the thesis will fall into three parts: First, I will examine the characteristics of the two norms, the conflicts and crisis generated from their confrontation. Secondly, the discussion will shift to the strategies that Blanche and the community adopt respectively-assimilation and normalization-to cope with the crisis between the two norms. At last, I will elaborate on the process that is used to destroy Blanche and exclude her from the community of Elysian Fields.

Table of Contents
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Chapter 1 The Norms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Chapter 2 Assimilation and Normalization. . . . . . .32
Chapter 3 Terminating Blanche. . . . . . . . . . . .62
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Works Cited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

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