臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以供給導向探討都會區最適運具組合。所謂「供給導向」係指
在環境負荷 下;包括運具運能,道路面積,停車空間及環境污染等限制下,
系統總成本最小之最適運具 組合。 本研究利用數學規劃法構建都會
區最適運具組合模式。目標式為使用者成本, 營運者成本及肇事成本三
者之和;限制式則包括各運具運能限制,道路面積限制,停車空間 限制,環
境污染限制及旅運需求限制等。限制式右手邊值的取得係基於都會區之環
境負荷 已趨於極限之觀察結果所做的假設。模式中並引用「擁擠率」,
「V/C值」等因素做為要求運具服務水準之績效指標。 本研究以台北
都會區為例進行個案分析, 結果顯示在尖峰小時之交通型態, 若開始有捷
運營運的情況下最適運具組合比例, 大眾運具(捷運,公車,計程車)與私人
運具(小客車, 機車)分別應承擔69%與31%之運量;相同交通型態,無捷運的
情況下最適運具組合比例應承擔52%與48%之運量。在全日之交通型態, 若
開始有捷運的情況下最適運具組合比例,大眾運具與私人運具分別約應承
擔57%與43%之運量,相同交通型態,無捷運的情況下最適運具組合比例分別
約承擔45%與55%之運量。敏感度分析結果顯示,大眾運具之乘載率,班次,
出車率等參數變動均會造成各該運具應承擔之運量同向變動。情境分析結
果顯示如下﹕ 1.實施小客車共乘制度﹕當管制達每車3人時, 使用小客車
成本低於計程車成本,最適運具組合改變, 且目標值由12,397萬元/小時減
少為9,946萬元/小時約減少20%。 2.實施計程車共乘制度﹕當乘載率達
每車4人時, 使用計程車成本低於機車成本最適運具組合改變,且目標值
由12,397萬元/小時減少為11,931萬元/小時約減少4%。 3.實施免費公
車方案﹕當實施免費公車方案時,公車現金支付成本為0,對最適運具組合
無影響。 4.計程車牌照管制課題計程車最適運量比例約佔13%相當
於49,000人旅次,目前約僅承擔7%相當於258,000人旅次。 因此,適量開放
計程車牌照管制或實施「尖峰加成」鼓勵尖峰時段出車。 5.停車空間
使用課題﹕停車空間嚴重不足,應加強興建路外停車場。

The study investigates the optimal modal combination in
metropolitan by supply-oriented approach. The "supply-oriented"
means an optimal modal combination with minimum system total
cost under the consideration of environment loads including the
limitations from transportation modes capacity,road capacity,
parking capacity and environmental pollution. This study uses
the mathematical programming to formulate and develop an optimal
modal combination model. The objective function is the sum of
user cost,operator cost and accident cost;the contraints cover
the limitations from transportation modes capacity,road
capacity,parking capacity,environmental pollution and travel
demand. The right-hand-side for the constraints are obtained
based on the environment loads in the metropolitan area which is
assumed to be ultimate as observed. In addition, some factors
such as "congestion rate" and "V/C ratio" are also considered in
the model as a performance index for defining the level of
service. Taipei Metropolitan Area is used as a case for
analysis, the result shows that under the traffic pattern during
peak hour, with "MRT" scheme, the demand sharing proportion of
the optimal modal combination for mass (MRT,bus,taxi) and
private(automobile,motorcycle) transportation are 69% and 31%
respectively; under the same traffic pattern, without "MRT"
scheme,the demand sharing proportion of the optimal modal
combination for mass and private transportation are 52% and 48%
respectively. Under the daily traffic pattern, with "MRT"
scheme, the demand sharing proportion are 57% and 43%
respectively ;the same traffic pattern,without "MRT" scheme,the
demand sharing proportion are 45% and 55% respectively.
Sensitivity analysis shows the mass transportytion when the
parameters such as occupancy,frequency,operating rate increase,
he volume sharing proportion will increase accordingly. The main
reason for that is the cost for using mass transportation mode
is lower than using private transportation mode. The scenario
analysis are shown as following:1.Implementation of carpool
strategy:when the occupancy reaches 3-person,the cost for using
the automobiles is lower than using the taxis,the optimal modal
combination is changed and the objective value is decreased
approximately20%,from NT$123,970,000 to NT$99,460,000 per hour.
2.Implementation of taxipool strategy:when the occupancy resches
4-pers on,the cost for using taxi is lower than motorcycle,then
the optimal modal combination is changed and the objective value
is decreased approximately 4%, from NT$123,970,000 to
NT$119,310,000 per hour. 3.Implementation of free bus
strategy:when the strategy is implemented, the out-of-pocket
cost is 0,then there is no influence on the optimal modal
combination. 4.Taxi license regulation issue:the optimal
proportion of taxi is about 13% equivalent to 490,000 person
trips,currently it only shares demand of 7% equivalent to
258,000 person trips.It appears the releasing taxi liense
regulation or implementation of "peak-hour-fare" are
necessary.5.Parking issue:parking facility is seriously
insufficient in Taipei. It appears that increasing the supply of
off-street parking facility is necessary.