臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

產品組合是製造管理領域裡常見的決策問題，其目的是在追求生產最佳的產品種類及數量，以使得工廠有限的產能獲取最大之利潤。由於根據限制理論的觀念所得到之產品組合，其過程與所需之資訊不但簡單，而且能獲取很好甚至於最佳利潤。因此這些年來，已有很多之研究，從不同之角度反覆的確認其結果的正確性，並且和不同方法相互比較。在這些限制理論產品組合的研究中，普遍發現的一個問題是，當一座工廠存在有多個產能受限資源(CCR)時，根據限制理論的最佳產品組合程序所獲得的產品組合，會產生部份機台產能不足的矛盾現象。換言之，當工廠存在有多個CCR時，如果根據限制理論，以負荷最重的機台來進行最佳產品組合決策，並且找到了一組最佳的產品組合，但是這組產品組合卻可能會造成其他原來負荷較輕的機台產能不足的問題，意即在產品組合決策的前後，CCR發生了漂移現象。這種因為限制理論產品組合決策程序而造成工廠CCR從某一站漂移到另一站的現象，這種現象由於和一般認知的CCR漂移現象並不相同，因此本研究稱之為決策漂移。因為在多限制資源環境下會有決策漂移的問題，因此許多研究提出許多不同的演算法來解決在決策漂移狀況下，限制理論在產品組合決策上的問題，可是過多的改良與修正模式反而喪失限制理論簡單易用易懂的原則。
因此在本研究中，會先針對在多限制資源環境下，限制理論產品組合之決策漂移的行為作探討，然後設計以限制理論產品組合決策為基礎的限制資源群產品組合評估模式，來彌補限制理論產品組合決策之不足。在本模式中，首先要判定限制資源群，接著透過本研究所提限制資源群評估模式，來做產品組合決策。最後並設計實驗來評估在多限制資源環境下的限制資源群模式之產出績效。由實驗結果中，可以發現本研究所提的模式雖非最佳解但是為較佳的可行解。而本研究模式的貢獻是在多限制資源環境下，提供了工廠在實際運用方面，一個較簡單且易於理解的產品組合決策模式。

The product mix(PM) decision based on the theory of constraints(TOC) can generate good or even optimal solutions. The process used by TOC to determine the PM that will maximize profitability is a very simple series of steps. Several papers has contributed to assess the TOC solutions with very different results and to compare with other PM decision tools. However, this process assumes only one capacity constrained resource(CCR). It has been criticized as being inefficient or infeasible solution when a manufacturing plant has multiple CCRs. The issue is that the capacity of some CCRs will not satisfy the capacity required by the optimal PM which is determined based on the TOC PM decision process. That is the CCR will wander to another CCRs after the optimal PM is determined based on an original CCR. The behavior of the CCR wandering which is caused by the TOC PM decision process is referred as decision wandering in this research. Several modification algorithms have been proposed to enhance the TOC PM decision process, however, the comprehensibility of TOC PM decision process is declined and the original very easy series of steps are also complicated by these algorithms.
In this paper, a decision wandering behavior is first investigated secondly a TOC PM decision model based on capacity constrained resources group(CCRG) is proposed to improve the infeasible solution of the original TOC PM decision process. This model first evaluates the CCRG for a plant and then provides the PM decision based on this CCRG. The feasibility of this model is finally validated by some examples and experiments. The results show that the proposed model can provide feasible and better solutions. Although these solutions are not optimal, the procedure of this model is more comprehensibility. The comprehensibility of a PM solution is very important for practical applications in manufacturing plants.

摘 要 i
Abstract ii
誌 謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 vii
符號說明 1
第一章 緒論 2
1.1研究動機 2
1.2研究目的 4
1.3研究流程與架構 5
第二章 文獻探討 7
2.1限制理論中產出會計在產品組合的應用 7
2.2產品組合相關文獻 12
2.3線性規劃在產品組合的應用 16
第三章 限制資源群觀念分析 18
3.1 決策漂移問題描述 18
3.1.1 決策漂移現象描述 18
3.1.2 決策漂移與瓶頸漂移之比較 20
3.1.3 決策漂移現象原因之探討 21
3.2限制資源群之定義 24
3.3 限制資源群之評估模式 24
3.3.1 負荷限制資源群評估方法 25
3.3.2 漂移限制資源群評估方法 26
3.3.3 限制資源群評估方法 28
3.3.4 尋找限制資源群範例說明 31
3.4 運用限制資源群之產品組合決策 34
3.4.1 運用限制資源群之產品組合決策演算法 34
3.4.2 運用限制資源群之產品組合決策範例 36
第四章 實驗設計與分析 39
4.1 實驗一：限制資源群搜尋績效 39
4.1.1 實驗環境 39
4.1.2 實驗方法 40
4.1.3 實驗結果分析 41
4.2 實驗二：比較限制資源群決策與限制理論決策產出績效 45
4.2.1 實驗環境與因子 45
4.2.2 實驗模式 46
4.2.3 實驗結果分析 48
第五章 結論與後續研究方向 55
5.1 結論 55
5.2 後續研究方向 56
參考文獻 57

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