臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

於掃描式電子顯微鏡下觀察40個苦瓜品種之花粉，發現苦瓜花粉粒形狀於赤道面多為縱橢圓形，極面則為三裂圓形，具三發芽溝，溝呈梭形，以Erdtman分類法描述苦瓜花粉特性為N3P4C3，花粉外壁表面紋飾呈網紋，佈滿小孔。量測花粉粒外部形態與外壁紋飾等17項特徵，進行因子分析下之主成分分析，顯示經估算至第三主成分時累加變異量達81.88%，表示第一至第三主成分所概括的全體變異能力，可利用這些花粉形態性狀區分苦瓜品種，而第一主成分所包含的外壁紋飾特徵(小孔)為此研究中辨別苦瓜品種的最有利因素。比較40品種主成分得分圖，可將苦瓜區分成(1)果皮顏色為白色，且果面為珍珠突起的品種、(2)果實顏色綠色且有條狀突起的品種、(3)果皮顏色為綠色、果面為珍珠突起的品種、(4)野生山苦瓜品種等。另外苦瓜種子性狀、果型等園藝性狀似乎於主成分分析結果沒有很強的關連性。由以上結果說明花粉型態性狀尚可有效區分出各品種果色與果面突起等性狀，利用主成份分析所得到的主成分得分有助於作為鑑定苦瓜品種及解決分類上同名異物或同物異名的現象。
本研究利用Brewbaker and Kwack(1963)液體培養基配方作為基礎及三種組織化學(histochemical)法，得到適合四品種苦瓜花粉活力檢定的方法。利用B&K液體培養基測定''青皮''、''蘋果''、''大長''、''粉青''苦瓜花粉發芽率的最佳濃度為10%蔗糖、100~150 ppm的硼酸、200~300 ppm的硝酸鈣、將培養基pH調至7.0，並於25~30℃下培養為最適合的培養條件。FDA螢光法適合作為苦瓜花粉活力檢定之組織化學方法，雖然有高估花粉活力之情形，為一個簡單快速又可處理大量重覆數樣品的便利方法。苦瓜花粉為短命花粉，而於-70℃及-20℃下儲藏14天與新鮮花粉比較，發芽率從90%下降至50~70%，但仍保持約60%的活力，顯示低溫儲藏有效維持花粉活力。結果顯示花粉活力及授粉量對苦瓜的著果及生長情形之影響似乎不大，只要有一定的授粉量及有活力的花粉能在柱頭及花柱上發芽生長、受精，種子數達到20粒左右，皆能刺激苦瓜果實正常發育，維持其商品價值。另外三種授粉方法(花對花、毛筆、液體)中液體授粉使三品種苦瓜著果率降低，果實生長與結實情形也不良。

Pollen grains of 40 varieties bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) were examined using scanning electron microscope to observe. The view of equatorial plane on pollen is the prolate, polar view is three cracks spheroidal and has tricolporate. The sculpture of pollen exine surface is regulate, covers entirely the lumiba. The 17 of pollen surface and the sculpture of pollen exine character have be measured. The date was subjected to factor analysis with principal component solution. The contribution of first three principal components came to 81.88% of total variation. Could use these surface and the sculpture character of pollen to discrimination of bitter gourd varieties. The first principal component was mainly created by the characters of lumiba of sculpture of pollen exine. This is the most useful factor to discriminate the bitter gourd variety. Results the scores of 40 bitter gourd varieties on the first and the second principal components may discriminate the bitter gourd varieties: (1) the epicarp color is the white, also pearl-like tubercles on surface., (2) the epicarp color is the green, also linear tubercles on surface., (3) the epicarp color is the green, also pearl-like tubercles on surface., (4) wildly bitter gourd varieties and so on. By the above result explained the pollen character still permissible to discriminate the epicarp color and tubercles on surface of bitter gourd varieties.
This research uses Brewbaker and Kwack (1963) solution growth medium and three kind of histochemical method to determine four varieties of bitter gourd pollen viability. The B&K liquid growth medium containing 10% sucrose, 100~150 ppm H3BO3, 200~300 ppm Ca(NO3)2, (pH 7.0), culture in 25~30℃ is realiable condition. FDA method is suitable to determine bitter gourd pollen viability. It’s a easily and fast, also can reduce the number of abservations, although overestimates pollen viability. This isn’t longevity of bitter gourd pollen. After stored 14 days at -70℃ and -20℃, still maintained 60% viability to compare with the fresh pollen germination percentage. As a result, there seems no influence fruit set and fruit growth of bitter gourd that pollen viability and quantity of pollination. Pollen germinated, growth and fertilized in the style, as long as has the certain pollen quantity and viability of pollination. The seed number achieved about 20 grains, all can stimulate bitter gourd fruit normal growth. The liquid pollination method reduce fruit set of three varieties bitter gourd, fruit growth and the seed produced are not good in other three pollination methods (flower to flower, brush, liquid).

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iii
表目錄 iv
圖目錄 v
壹、前言 1
貳、前人研究
ㄧ、苦瓜形態與分類 2
二、花粉形態分析及應用 2
三、花粉活力檢定方法之評估 6
四、儲藏對花粉活力的影響 8
五、授粉對果實生長的影響 9
參、材料與方法
ㄧ、苦瓜園藝性狀與花粉粒外部形態觀察 10
二、苦瓜花粉活力檢定 12
三、儲藏時間與溫度對苦瓜花粉發芽及授粉後對苦瓜著果及
果實生長情之影響 14
四、雌花開放天數對苦瓜著果及果實生長情形之影響 15
五、不同授粉方法對苦瓜著果及果實生長情形之影響 15
六、統計分析 15
肆、結果
ㄧ、苦瓜園藝性狀與花粉粒外部形態觀察 16
二、苦瓜花粉活力檢定 43
三、儲藏時間與溫度對苦瓜花粉發芽及授粉後對苦瓜著果及
果實生長情之影響 46
四、雌花開花天數對苦瓜著果及果實生長情形之影響 46
五、不同授粉方法對苦瓜著果及果實生長情形之影響 47
伍、討 論
ㄧ、苦瓜花粉粒外部形態之研究 61
二、苦瓜花粉活力檢定 63
三、儲藏時間與溫度對苦瓜花粉發芽及授粉後對苦瓜著果及
果實生長情之影響 66
四、雌花開放天數對苦瓜著果及果實生長情形之影響 67
五、不同授粉方法對苦瓜著果及果實生長情形之影響 67
陸、參考文獻 69

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