臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文撰寫主旨乃以心理學家佛洛伊德之精神分析論述，剖析二零零三年諾貝爾文學獎得主柯茲所著的自傳體小說《雙面少年》中主角成長歷程之心靈焦慮。鑒於來自家庭、學校、社會的多層桎梏，主角焦慮不安的性格固然蘊藏些許反覆無常之變異性，透過佛洛伊德式的解讀，其撲朔難馭之個性成因終將有所詮釋。這部記載作者年少特殊文化境遇的寫實作品，技巧式地將個人回憶視為國家歷史構述之借鏡，間接反應南非政治種族紛擾及多重文化衝突之相關議題。
本論文之架構共分為五章，首章說明研究動機與主題，並提及柯茲如何運用第三人稱論述以顯作品之客觀性。第二章探究佛洛伊德理論中對於焦慮來源及其類型之精闢剖析。防衛機制伴隨焦慮狀態衍生而出，而出胎分離創傷又屬精神焦慮之源。第三章闡述戀母情節為主角所帶來的心靈波動。主角將伴其成長的農場視為另一個母親，而面臨非單一母親角色之抉擇卻對主角成長歷程影響甚遠，渴望擺脫矛盾窘境之思緒溢於言表。此外，身為母子關係入侵者之父親頓時激發主角之防衛意識，伴隨而來的敵意無非又為主角心理運思增添複雜性。第四章以南非白人政府所鑄之種族隔離政策切入，試述主角在語言疆界中蒙受之漂泊離散不確定感，且對非齊頭式平等之種族階級制度感到百般無奈，變調偏頗的宗教政策亦斷然使其身陷憂慮之困境，猶如長期禁錮於強烈疏離感中。論文的末章綜述柯茲如何以個體人生際遇刻畫作為追溯國家歷史母性根源之途徑，寫實地呈現南非社會文化中倍受爭論之議題，對於此般反種族隔離政策作家而言，書寫誠如心靈療程般洗滌待癒之痛楚。

Abstract
This thesis attempts to analyze the psychological process of the protagonist in the 2003 Nobel Prize winner, J. M. Coetzee’s Boyhood with regard to anxiety disclosed in the light of Freud’s psychological theory. Freud’s penetration of the origin and types of anxiety is applied to exemplify young Coetzee’s psychological development in the family, school, and society. Through a Freudian reading, the interpretation for sentimental young Ceotzee’s multiple mental impulses, and capricious personality will be unveiled. It is also emphasized that the personal reminiscence in the autobiographical novel is conceived as the compressed edition and projection of the national history which reflects the political and ethnical issues in South Africa.
This thesis falls into five chapters. Chapter one introduces the motives and the fundamental ideas of this thesis, as well as the conspectus of the autobiographical novel that Cotezee purposely composes in the third person for demonstrating the objectivity of writing. Chapter two concentrates on Freudian theory by exploring the origin, types, defensive mechanisms, and children’s psychology of human anxiety initially emerging from birth trauma. Chapter three investigates how the protagonist’s mental conflicts arise due to his concurrent passions toward his mother and the motherlike farm in the light of Freudian theory concerning perturbation and how he loathes and abominates the opponent father on the basis of Oedipus complex. Chapter four elaborates the protagonist’s dispossession of certainty aroused by the shadow of the Afrikaner government’s apartheid policy which drives him into the struggles of language, religion, and ethnical confusion. Chapter five concludes this thesis by delineating how Coetzee manifests his discomfort about the controversial problems of South African history, culture, and racism by recording the personal memoir in Boyhood. As to the anti-apartheid author, writing resembles the spiritual healing process for soothing his agony.

Table of Contents



Chapter One
Introduction……………………………………………………………………....1

Chapter Two
The Delineation of Freudian Theory………………………………………..…17

Chapter Three
The Protagonist’s Anxiety Derived from the Family………..……….………39

Chapter Four
Anxiety Derived from School and Culture…..……………………..…………67

Chapter Five
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………92

Works Cited…………………...…………………………………………………..97

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