臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

蛇綠岩的形成紀錄著洋殼的新生、移動、隱沒與仰衝過程，其為板塊運動的重要證據，蛇綠岩的地化特徵紀錄著洋脊、島弧與熱柱等不同的構造環境，而研究其蝕變作用及次生礦物組合，則幫助我們瞭解蛇綠岩形成後的演化過程。類似的板塊運動證據也在台灣東部關山地區被發現，過去的研究普遍認為東台灣蛇綠岩經歷綠片岩至角閃岩相的洋脊軸部變質，而後又受到沸石相的離軸變質，並於南中國海擴張時混入利吉混同層中。本研究利用東台灣蛇綠岩之岩象觀察、礦物成份、全岩化學及同位素分析資料，希望能瞭解東台灣蛇綠岩之地化及礦物特徵，以及蝕變作用如何影響微量元素的遷移與分佈。
本研究的東台灣蛇綠岩樣品主要為蛇紋岩、輝長岩和玄武岩，蛇紋岩的前身為正輝橄欖岩和長石異剝橄欖岩；輝長岩可分為斜長輝長岩、透輝石輝長岩、蘇長岩、輝長岩及閃石輝長岩；玄武岩可分為玄武岩、粗粒玄武岩以及玻璃質玄武岩。蛇紋岩化長石異剝橄欖岩還受到異剝鈣榴岩化作用的疊加。輝長岩受角閃岩相變質而後又受次閃石化及異剝鈣榴岩化作用。玄武岩主要受到沸石相至綠片岩相變質作用，部分也可見普通角閃石及鎂鈉閃石產出，蝕變嚴重的嘉武南溪玄武岩，常觀察到鉀長石及方沸石脈產出。玻璃質玄武岩包含新鮮玻璃、橙玄玻璃及微晶質玄武岩三部分，並且部分區域可觀察到片水矽鈣石、方沸石及桿沸石的杏仁孔充填。
從岩象與地化分析資料顯示蝕變作用中，蛇紋岩化過程會讓橄欖石釋出Mg及Fe，並會富集Cs、Ba、Sr、Pb及Eu，而異剝鈣榴岩化發生時會有SiO2減少及CaO增加，此同時會有Rb、Th、U、Sr、Nb、Ta的虧損，並富集Ba、Eu。橙玄玻璃化過程中會虧損 SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、Na2O 及MgO虧損，與H2O、TiO2及FeO增加，並使Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U、Nb、Ta、K及Pb產生富集。滑石取代蛇紋石的樣品，需要SiO2的參與，並且其低濃度的微量元素特徵，顯示出其原岩可能為較虧損的超基性岩。蝕變程度與元素遷移的關係顯示，鉀長石與沸石可能為主要賦存Cs、Rb、Ba、Sr元素的礦物，並且Sr及Eu與長石的蝕變有關。從尖晶石成份、微量元素與Pb同位素投圖顯示，東台灣蛇綠岩與菲律賓蛇綠岩可能有相同的來源，且形成環境可能有隱沒帶上盤型或火山島弧環境的影響。

The formation of ophiolite recorded the processes of growth, movement, subduction, and obduction of oceanic crusts. The occurrence of ophiolite is thus an important evidence of the movement of plates. Geochemical characteristics of ophiolite recorded different tectonic environments, such as the ocean ridges, volcanic arcs and plumes for the growth of ophiolite. Study of alteration and secondary mineral assemblages of rocks in an ophiolite suite can help us to understand the evolution of ophiolite. Similar evidence of the movement of plates, the Eastern Taiwan ophiolite (ETO) was discovered in the Guanshan area of Eastern Taiwan. Previous researches suggested that the ETO went through oceanic-ridge axis metamorphism under greenschist facies to amphibolite facies conditions, and later was affected by off-axis metamorphism under zeolite facies condition. The ETO was emplaced into Lichi mélang during the expansion of the South China Sea. In this research, we studied petrography, minerals composition, whole rock composition, and isotope geochemistry of the ETO rocks in order to understand their geochemical and mineralogical characteristics, and how the alterations of ETO affected the element mobilization and redistribution.
The major rock types of the ETO samples in this research are serpentinites, gabbros and basalts. The protoliths of the serpentinites include harzburgite and wehrlite. The gabbros are classified as bytownite gabbro, diopside gabbro, hornblende gabbro, norite and gabbro. The basalts are classified into dolerite, basalt and glassy basalt. The serpentinized wehrlite was also overlapped by rodingitization. The gabbro metamorphism under amphibolite facies and then affected by uralitization and rodigitization. The basalts were mainly affected by metamorphism under zeolite facies to green schist condition, hornblende and tschermakite could also be found partially. The veins of K-feldspar and analcime are common in the seriously altered basalt samples from the south Jiawu stream. The glassy basalts could be divided into fresh glass, palagonite and microcrystalline basalt, and part of the glassy basalts contain amygdule of gyrolite, thomsonite and analcime.
The serpentinization released Mg and Fe, and enriched Cs, Ba, Sr, Pb, and Eu. The rodingitization reduced SiO2, increased CaO, meanwhile depleted Rb, Th, U, Sr, Nb, and Ta, and enriched Ba and Eu. The palagonitization depleted SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Na2O, and MgO; increased H2O, TiO2 and FeO, and enriched Cs, Rb, Ba, Th, U, Nb, Ta, K and Pb. The serpentine replaced by talc was required the participation of SiO2 and its low concentration of rare earth element represented that the protolith was more depleted ultramafic rock. The relationship between the degree of alteration and elements mobility showed that K-feldspar and zeolite were the major minerals of hosting Cs, Rb, Ba and Sr. Besides, Eu and Sr were related with alteration of plagioclase. The plots of spinel composition, trace elements, and Pb isotopes showed that the ETO might have the same origin as Philippine ophiolite. And the tectonic environment of ETO may be affected by suprasubduction zone or volcanic arc environments.

論文審定書 i
公開授權書 ii
致謝 iii
中文摘要 iv
英文摘要 vi
目錄 viii
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xii
礦物符號縮寫表 xv
岩石中英對照表 xvii

第一章　前言 1
1.1　蛇綠岩經歷之蝕變作用與元素遷移 1
1.2　蛇綠岩之構造成因與地化特徵 2
1.3　台灣蛇綠岩之相關研究 3
1.4　動機與目的 5
第二章　地質背景 6
2.1　東台灣海岸山脈 6
2.1.1　利吉混同層 6
2.1.2　東台灣蛇綠岩 7
2.2　本研究採樣位置 10
第三章　研究方法 16
3.1　實驗流程 16
3.2　岩象組織觀察 17
3.2.1　岩石光薄片製作 17
3.2.2　偏光顯微鏡之岩象觀察 18
3.2.3　SEM／EDS之觀察與成份分析 18
3.3　SEM／EDS之成份分析計算 19
3.4　全岩地球化學分析 25
3.4.1　全岩主要元素分析 26
3.4.2　全岩微量元素分析 26
3.4.3　全岩Sr-Nd同位素分析 27
3.4.4　全岩Pb同位素分析 29
第四章　結果 30
4.1　岩象觀察與礦物化學成份 30
4.1.1　橄欖岩（peridotite） 30
4.1.2　輝長岩（gabbro） 32
4.1.3　玄武岩（basalt） 36
4.1.4　閃長岩（diorite）與矽化沉積岩（sedimentary rock） 39
4.2　地化結果 105
4.2.1　主要元素 105
4.2.2　微量元素 106
4.2.3　同位素 108
第五章　討論 128
5.1　變質／蝕變期次與礦物反應 129
5.2　礦物與礦物化學 135
5.3　蝕變作用與元素遷移 140
5.4　蝕變程度與元素遷移 144
5.5　東台灣蛇綠岩的來源與形成時之地體構造環境 145
第六章　結論 163
第七章　參考文獻 164

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