臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究欲瞭解高雄地區餐盒工廠蟑螂發生及其相關因素，並以環境衛生教育介入，進而評估蟑螂防治之成效。於1997年10月間，自高雄地區領有營利事業登記證，每餐最大產能1000個以上餐盒工廠共60家，進行蟑螂棲群密度之調查、餐盒工廠環境衛生評估、及從業人員蟑螂防治之知識、態度及行為訪視（問卷均經5位專家做專家效度及預試，信度係數cronbach a=0.7）。
結果29家餐盒工廠有蟑螂發生，其侵害率為48%，蟑螂密度為4.92±2.04隻/每個捕蟑盒(平均值±標準誤)；沒有蟑螂發生之餐盒工廠其整體環境衛生評估較有蟑螂發生者好，尤以調理區域環境衛生其沒有蟑螂發生者較有蟑螂發生之餐盒工廠為好，呈統計上顯著性差異（p<0.05）。從業人員對於蟑螂防治之知識、態度及行為與蟑螂發生之關係中，在從業人員防治態度'好'(高於平均值)者比'不好'者其蟑螂發生低。將與蟑螂發生有顯著性相關17個單變項放入邏輯氏複迴歸（Logistic regression），並以逐步複迴歸（Stepwise multiple regression）進行統計分析，有顯著影響蟑螂發生之因素有8項，依相對危險比值大小排列為'避免蟑螂孳生，同意在出入口裝置紗門、紗窗'、'噴灑蟑螂殺蟲劑會污染食品'、'減少蟑螂孳生，保持廠房乾燥是重要的'、'住家內蟑螂多是白天出來活動'、'建築物年齡'、'調理場所出入口設有防止病媒進入之裝置'、'調理場所牆面清潔'及'廠房四周有果皮、紙屑、菜渣'等項，其中以'避免蟑螂孳生，同意在出入口裝置紗窗、紗門'一項其相對危險比值25.0為最高。
將有發現蟑螂之餐盒工廠29家，隨機分成三組（實地指導組10家、間接指導組10家，對照組9家）進行一次蟑螂防治環境衛生教育，於環境衛生教育後一週（立即效應）及十二週（延宕效應）進行成效評估，在從業人員蟑螂防治之知識、態度及行為中，直接指導組之態度得分、間接指導組之知識及行為得分均有顯著性的增加。
自以上研究得知為提昇餐盒食品衛生，餐盒工廠蟑螂的防治是不容忽視的，但利用一次環境衛生教育的介入進行蟑螂防治是不足，需進一步長時間的衛教及監測。

To study the cockroach infestations and its correlation factors in lunch-box plants which produced more than 1000 lunch-boxes per day in the Kaoshiung area. We used trap boxes to trap cockroaches for two connective nights. In addition to, we designed two structural questionnaires to evaluate the environmental sanitation, knowledge, attitude, and practices of cockroach control. The questionnaires were reviewed by five professionals for validity and the reliability score was 0.7 (Cronbach a=0.7).
The infestation rate of cockroaches in these lunch-box plants was 48％(29/60) and the average density of the cockroaches was 4.92±2.04 per trap(Mean±S.E.). A positive correlation was confirmed between poor sanitation and higher cockroach populations (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between sanitation of cooking areas and cockroach populations (p<0.05), and then roach population had a significant infestation in bad attitude scores group. We used Logistic regression and Stepwise multiple regression to analyze 17 variables which have significant correlation. As the result, we found eight most significant variable factors and they are listed in the order as below: 1)agreement with installing screens at all exits can prevent cockroaches, 2)use pesticide will pollute food, 3)it is important to keep plants dry in order to protect against cockroaches, 4)cockroaches appear more often in house during daytime, 5)the age of house, 6)cooking area with vector control system, 7)wall cleanness in cooking area, 8)trash around lunch-box plants. The Odds Ratio of the first variable was 25 which was the largest one among those eight factors.
We divided 29 lunch-box plants having cockroaches infestation into three groups (direct teaching groups, indirect teaching group, and control group) to perform health education. We did reassessments after educated those people in the lunch-box plants for one week for immediate efficiency and 12 weeks for postponement efficiency. The attitude score of direct teaching group and the scores for knowledge and practice of the indirect group were significantly increased.
According to our study, we concluded that it is necessary to put emphasis on cockroach control in lunch-box plants in order to improve the hygiene of the food. However, we did not get any significant results by providing health education on cockroach control during such short period of time, so it is necessary to conduct further research and assessment.

第一章前言
第一節研究背景及動機………………………………….…... 1
第二節研究目的………………………………………….…... 2
第二章文獻探討
第一節餐盒工廠衛生之現況………………………………… 3
第二節蟑螂與發生環境之關係……………………………… 4
第三節蟑螂防治-環境衛生改善…………………………..…. 8
第四節蟑螂防治之知識、態度及行為之探討………………. 10
第三章研究工具
第一節研究架構……………………………………………… 11
第二節研究材料與方法……………………………………… 12
第三節資料處理及統計分析………………………………… 19
第四章結果
第一節餐盒工廠蟑螂之監測………………………………… 21
第二節餐盒工廠蟑螂發生與環境衛生之關係……………… 21
第三節餐盒工廠蟑螂發生與其從業人員對於蟑螂防治之知
識、態度及行為之關係……………………………… 26
第四節蟑螂防治環境衛生教育介入之成效………….……... 34
第五章討論…………………………………………………………….. 37
第六章結語…………………………………………………………….. 42
第七章研究限制……………………………………………………….. 43
第八章參考文獻……………………………………………………….. 44
表 格……………………………………………………………………. 49
附 圖……………………………………………………………………. 91
附 件……………………………………………………………………. 96
附 錄…………………………………………………………………….110

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