臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目前企業很多運行已久的軟體系統大都是利用傳統結構化技術來設計開發，而這些舊有的軟體系統內部元件彼此的耦合關係非常密切，功能及資料的相依性非常高，所以這些傳統的軟體系統在維護上所花費的成本會比重新開發一個新系統的成本要高出很多。在重整工程中瞭解程式碼原始的需求和設計規格的識別與發現，在軟體的維護和發展佔了一個很重要的地位。除此之外，在從事軟體重整的過程中也要重建一個結構性較好的架構，並依此架構去重新實作此系統，如此一來，軟體系統就會增加其維護性、以後要再發展也會比較有彈性。
我們在論文中採用台中港務局的港灣系統為案例，進行軟體重整工程，此系統是一個處理台中港船舶進出相關作業的應用系統，由於港務局業務資料量逐年成長且港區業務日趨多樣性，傳統DOS模式下的港務資訊系統已漸漸無法滿足日益多變的需求，有的作業處理系統分散成數個無法整合的系統，所提供的服務價值有限。為配合未來結合網際網路的應用之整體發展需求，新系統必須具備有可擴充性、可延伸性及維護性等。
在進行重整工程的過程中，面對的主要挑戰為架構、資料模型、開發語言、介面及操作方式等變更。此外，我們也將Design Patterns應用到重整過程中，利用Design Patterns的特性，快速建立各模組的功能及定位，並可讓系統在建構時具有相當大的彈性可作調整。綜結以上所述，本文提供了重整由Clipper所開發的DOS程式到PowerBuilder的相關經驗。由於現今有許多營運單位仍然使用Novell系統加上Clipper開發的DOS應用程式，希望透過此案例研究，能對進行類似系統轉換任務的人有所幫助。

Most software systems of business that have been running for a long time were almost designed with traditional structural programming. All the components inside these old software systems are tightly-coupled. And the functions and the data are inseparable as well. Therefore, the cost of maintaining such a traditional software system is much higher than developing a new one. From the viewpoint of software reengineering, understanding the original requirements of the old system and figuring out its specification are very important in software maintenance and development. A well-designed software architecture makes software maintenance much more easier and provides more flexibility as well.
In this paper, we take “Taichung Harbor Bureau—New Harbor Management System“ as a case to achieve software reengineering. This system is an application that manages the ships’ coming in and going out in the harbor. The workload of Taichung Harbor Bureau is heavier and heavier these years in addition to many new services. The Harbor management system based on DOS can’t afford anymore services. Besides, with these distributed and independent systems, resources can’t be integrated to provide more services. In order to provide more internet services, they need a whole new system with expansibility, extendibility and maintainability.
During the reengineering, the major challenges we had are the constant changes of architecture, data model, programming language, component interface and operation requirement. Here we apply Design Patterns methodology in this case. By using Design Patterns, we can quickly design every module and function. It also shows the flexibility when we develop the system. In this paper we state the experiences of migrating from DOS-based clipper program to object-based PowerBuilder program. Today many people are still running old DOS-based Clipper program under Novell network. We hope our research can help the people who try to migrate or re-engineer this kind of legacy systems.

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 viii
第一章 導論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 章節安排 3
第二章 相關研究 4
2.1 重整工程(Re-engineering) 4
2.2 多階層架構(N-tier) 6
2.3 設計樣版(Design Pattern) 9
2.4 UML 10
2.5 程式語言- Clipper 和PowerBuilder 12
第三章 系統分析設計及規劃 15
3.1 原有系統的架構 16
3.1.1 功能架構 17
3.1.2 系統架構 18
3.2 原有系統的運作 19
3.2.1 開機運作過程 19
3.2.2 一般作業的運作 20
3.2.3 參數檔的運作 20
3.2.4 系統錯誤處理機制 23
3.3 重整原系統所需考量的因素 23
3.3.1 架構的重整 24
3.3.2 開發語言的差異 25
3.3.3 資料庫的重整 26
3.3.4 使用介面及操作的變更 27
3.4 新系統的規劃 27
3.4.1 實體及系統架構介紹 28
3.4.2 系統運作流程 34
3.4.3 分散式物件存取架構 34
第四章 系統實作 36
4.1 資料的設計 36
4.2 功能的設計 39
4.3 介面的設計 42
4.4 流程的設計 43
4.5 設計樣版的相關實作 44
4.6 其它所遭遇的特殊問題 50
第五章 測試及重整結果討論 52
5.1 測試結果討論 52
5.2 重整結果討論 54
5.2.1 軟體再使用的程度 54
5.2.2 介面相關函式重整結果討論 55
5.2.3 資料庫相關函式重整結果討論 56
第六章 結論 58
參考文獻 60
附錄A 工作時程表 66
附錄B 參數檔對照:未轉譯 / 轉譯過 67
附錄C 系統測試之錯誤訊息 68
附錄D 資料庫函式出現次數統計表 69
附錄E 系統執行畫面 71
附錄F Sybase資料庫保留字 76
附錄G 檢核表 79
簡歷 82

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