臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣係屬地狹人稠，都會區土地取用不易，因此土地取得成本往往成為企業經營的重要考慮因素，特別是中小企業，由於獲利不易，故成本控制甚為嚴格。在現實生活中，配銷商自有倉庫有容量限制問題，且超額存貨會被儲存於租賃倉庫，倘若有更好之設備與降低成本，則可以選擇租賃倉庫儲存之。儲存商品是存貨管理之重要課題，且大多數產品有時效性的問題，加上近年來，雙倉存貨之議題已受到重視，這也使得倉庫使用策略變得十分重要。
本研究旨在探討單一製造商與單一配銷商之製造配銷階段，針對損耗性商品於雙倉環境中，在有限的規劃週期內，分別於固定與動態的租金優惠機制下，發展其存貨模式，同時考量時間相依需求情形與倉租管理。配銷商倉庫之使用，分為自有倉庫（OW）與租賃倉庫（RW），且租賃倉庫持有者為了鼓勵企業能長期租賃，亦推出倉租優惠制度，此外，在第四章中，倉庫租金會隨著時間而遞減。本研究以達到整體利潤最佳化為目標。
建構並推導製造商與配銷商之存貨數學模式，藉由數學軟體MATLAB作為求解輔助工具，將推導後之存貨模式，透過演算法，進行數值範例與敏感度分析，探討各個參數對模式之影響程度，再作最後結論。

In the real world, the capacity of distributor’s own warehouse is limited and the excess stocks will be stored in the rented warehouse. The rented warehouse is chose to store products if it has better facilities and/or a lower cost. An important issue in inventory management is to decide where to stock the goods; moreover, most products have a deteriorating characteristic. Recently, the two-warehouse inventory issue has received considerable attention.
In this paper, we consider a single-manufacturer and single-distributor inventory model with deteriorating item in a two-warehouse environment. Then two-warehouse inventory models for deteriorating item with time-dependent demand and rental management have been developed during a finite planning horizon. Furthermore, the distributor is use the two warehouses that is the owned warehouse and rented warehouse respectively. An incentive policy is offered by the rent warehouse that allows the rental fee to decrease over time. The objective of this study is to maximize the joint profit of the manufacturer and the distributor.
Finally, a simple heuristic approach with a computer code is developed to derive the optimal solution. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the models and the sensitivity analyses are also reported.

摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究範圍與目的 2
1.3 研究方法與步驟 3
1.4 研究架構 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
2.1 雙倉存貨相關文獻 6
2.2 損耗性存貨相關文獻 8
2.3 時間相依需求相關文獻 12
2.4 租金管理相關文獻 13
第三章 損耗性商品於固定租金優惠機制下之雙倉存貨模式 16
3.1 問題內容概述 16
3.2 模式基本假設與符號說明 17
3.3 製造商存貨模式 19
3.4 配銷商存貨模式 21
3.5 求解步驟 33
3.6 數值範例之說明 34
3.7 敏感度分析 35
3.8 變異數分析 50
3.9 本章結論 54
第四章 損耗性商品於動態租金優惠機制下之雙倉存貨模式 56
4.1 問題內容概述 56
4.2 模式基本假設與符號說明 57
4.3 製造商存貨模式 59
4.4 配銷商存貨模式 61
4.5 求解步驟 73
4.6 數值範例之說明 74
4.7 敏感度分析 75
4.8 變異數分析 90
4.9 本章結論 94
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 96
5.1 結論 96
5.2 研究貢獻 97
5.3 未來研究方向 98
參考文獻 99

一、中文部份
陳炫凱（2007）。需求與存貨水準相依下損耗性產品的最佳補貨政策。國立中央大學工業管理研究所，碩士論文。
陳書瑋（2002）。允許短缺情況下損耗性商品最佳化補貨區間與定價。國立中央大學工業管理研究所，碩士論文。
陳偉明（2006）。損耗性商品於二階產銷供應鏈考慮金流問題之雙倉存貨策略。私立中原大學工業工程學系，碩士論文。
曾郁芳（2001）。固定自有倉庫容量下倉租具數量折扣之經濟訂購批量模式。私立東吳大學會計學系，碩士論文。
游兆鵬、鄭乃茵、伍嘉鴻、蘇冠賓（2010）。綠色產品於回收流程下營收管理之最佳訂價模式。2010創業成長營暨企業經營管理學術研討會。桃園：私立開南大學。
黃惠民、楊伯中（2007）。供應鏈存貨系統設計與管理。台中市：滄海書局。
楊詠新（2008）。不完美品質下易腐商品經濟訂購量之探討。國立成功大學工業與資訊管理學系，碩士論文。
二、英文部份
Benkherouf, L. (1997). A deterministic order level inventory model for deteriorating items with two storage facilities. International Journal of Production Economics, 48, 167-175.
Bhunia, A.K., & Maiti, M. (1998). A two warehouse inventory model for deteriorating items with a linear trend in demand and shortages. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 49, 287-292.
Bhunia, A.K., Kundu, S., Sannigrahi, T., & Goyal, S.K. (2009). An application of tournament genetic algorighm in a marketing oriented economic production lot-size model for deteriorating items. Int. J. Production Economics, 119, 112–121.
Cachon, G., & Lariviere, M. (2005). Supply chain coordination with revenue sharing contracts: Strengths and limitations. Management Science, 51, 30-44.
Chang, C.T. (2004). An EOQ model with deteriorating items under inflation when supplier credits linked to order quantity. International Journal of Production Economics, 88, 307-316.
Chung, K.J. (2009). A complete proof on the solution procedure for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with permissible delay in payment. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 56, 267–273.
Chung, K.J., & Tsai, S.F. (2001). Inventory systems for deteriorating items with shortages and a linear trend in demand-taking account of time value. Computers & Operations Research, 28, 915-934.
Chung, K.J., Her, C.C., & Lin, S.D. (2009). A two-warehouse inventory model with imperfect quality production processes. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 56, 193-197.
Dave, U., & Patel, L.K. (1981). (T,Si) policy inventory model for deteriorating items with time proportional demand. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 32, 137-142.
Dey, J.K., Mondal, S.K., & Maiti, M. (2008). Two storage inventory problem with dynamic demand and interval valued lead-time over finite time horizon under inflation and time-value of money. European Journal of Operational Research, 185, 170-194.
Early, D.W. (2000). Rent control, rental housing supply, and the distribution of tenant benefits. Journal of Urban Economics, 48, 185-204.
Gayen, M., & Pal, A.K. (2009). A two warehouse inventory model for deteriorating items with stock dependent demand rate and holding cost. Oper Res Int J, 9, 153-165.
Ghare, P.M., & Schrader, G.F. (1963). A model for an exponentially decaying inventory. Journal of Industrial Engineering, 14, 238-243.
Goyal, S.K., & Chang, C.T. (2009). Optimal ordering and transfer policy for an inventory with stock dependent demand. European Journal of Operational Research, 196, 177-185.
Goyal, S.K., & Giri, B.C. (2001). Recent trends in modeling of deteriorating inventory. European Journal of Operational Research, 134, 1-16.
Hariga, M. (1997). Optimal inventory policies for perishable items with time-dependent demand. Int. J. Production Economics, 50, 35-41.
Hartely, V.R. (1976). Operations Research, A managerial emphasis. Santa Monica, 315-317.
Hong, J., Sandrapaty, R., & Hayya, J. (1990). On production policies for linearly increasing demand and finite uniform production rate. Computer and Industrial Engineers, 18, 110-127.
Hsieh, T.P., Dye, C.Y., & Ouyang, L.Y. (2008). Determining optimal lot size for a two-warehouse system with deterioration and shortages using net present value. European Journal of Operational Research, 191, 182-192.
Hsu, P.H., Wee, H.M., & Teng, H.M. (2007). Optimal ordering decision for deteriorating items with expiration date and uncertain lead time. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 52, 448-458.
Huang, Y.F. (2003). Optimal retailer’s ordering policies in the EOQ model under trade credit financing. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 54, 1011-1015.
Jonas C.P. Yu , M.L. Tsai , Y.C. Liour & N.I. Cheng (2009). An Efficient Supplier-Buyer Partnership for Hi-Tech Industry. The 3rd International Conference on New Trends in Information and Service Science(NISS 2009), June 30 - July 2, Beijing, China, IEEE Computer Society, 1052-1057.
Jonas C.P. Yu, G A. Widyadana, N.I. Cheng & Y. S. Lin (2010). An efficient JIT replenishment model for deteriorating items via simulated annealing method. The 6th International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing & Logistics Systems(IML 2010), February 27 - March 01, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Lee, C.C., & Hsu, S.L. (2009). A two-warehouse production model for deteriorating inventory items with time-dependent demands. European Journal of Operational Research, 194, 700-710.
Ma, J. (1995). An infinitely repeated rental model with incomplete information. Economics Letters, 49, 261-266.
Manna, S.K., & Chaudhuri, K.S. (2006). An EOQ model with ramp type demand rate, time dependent deterioration rate, unit production cost and shortages. European Journal of Operational Research, 171, 557-566.
Nahmias, S. (1978). Perishable inventory theory: a Review. Operations Research, 30, 4, 680-708.
Pakkala, T.P.M., & Achary, K.K. (1991). A two warehouse probabilistic order level inventory model for deteriorating items. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 42, 1117-1122.
Pakkala, T.P.M., & Achary, K.K. (1992). A deterministic inventory model for deteriorating items with two warehouses and finite replenishment rate. European Journal of Operational Research, 57, 71-76.
Raafat, F. (1991). Survey of literature on continuously deteriorating inventory models. Journal of Operational Research Society, 42, 1, 27-37.
Ross, A.M., Rong, Y., & Snyder, L.V. (2008). Supply disruptions with time-dependent parameters. Computers & Operations Research, 35, 3504-3529.
Roy, A., Kar, S., & Maiti, M. (2008). A deteriorating multi-item inventory model with fuzzy costs and resources based on two different defuzzification techniques. Applied Mathematical Modellin, 32, 208-223.
Sarma, K.V.S. (1987). A deterministic order level inventory model for deteriorating items with two storage facilities. European Journal of Operational Research, 29, 70-73.
Shah, Y.K., & Jaiswal, M.C. (1977). An order - level inventory model for a system with constant rate of deterioration. European Journal of Operational Research, 14, 174-184.
Skouri, K., Konstantaras, I., Papachristos, S., & Ganas, I. (2009). Inventory models with ramp type demand rate, partial backlogging and Weibull deterioration rate. European Journal of Operational Research, 192, 79–92.
Svarer, M., Rosholm M., & Munch, J.R. (2005). Rent control and unemployment duration. Journal of Public Economics, 89, 2165-2181.
Tang, C.S., & Deo, S. (2008). Rental price and rental duration under retail competition. European Journal of Operational Research, 187, 806-828.
Wee, H.M. (1993). Economic production lot size model for deteriorating items with partial back-ordering. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 24, 449–458.
Wee, H.M., Yu, C.P., & Law, S.T. (2005). Two-warehouse inventory model with partial backordering and weibull distribution deterioration under inflation. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers, 22(6), 451-462.
Y.C. Liour , Jonas C.P. Yu , N.I. Cheng & S.H. Chang (2009). Two-Echelon Deteriorating Item Supply Chain with Multiple Delivery, Decrease Price and Compensation Policy. The 3rd International Conference on New Trends in Information and Service Science(NISS 2009), June 30 - July 2, Beijing, China, IEEE Computer Society, 1106-1111.
Yan, H., & Cheng, T.C.E. (1998). Optimal production stopping and restarting times for an EOQ model with deteriorating items. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 49, 1288-1295.
Yang, H.L. (2004). Two-warehouse inventory models for deteriorating items with shortages under inflation. European Journal of Operational Research, 157, 344-356.
Yang, H.L. (2005). A comparison among various partial backlogging inventory lot-size models for deteriorating items on the basis of maximum profit. International Journal of Production Economics, 96, 19-128.
Zhou, Y.W. (2003). A multi-warehouse inventory model for items with time-varying demand and shortages. Computers and Operations Research, 30, 2115-2134.
Zhou, Y.W., & Yang, S.L. (2005). A two-warehouse inventory model for items with stock-level-dependent rate. International Journal of Production Economics, 95, 215-228.
Zhou, Y.W., Lau, H.S., & Yang, S.L. (2004). A finite horizon lot-sizing problem with time-varying deterministic demand and waiting-time-dependent partial backlogging. Int. J. Production Economics, 91, 109-119.