臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目的：探討排球、體操運動員穿戴不同踝關節護具(鞋帶型、支撐型)於60公分高平台著地後動作之運動學、動力學參數、肌電參數之變化情形。研究對象:以一年內無下肢病史之排球、體操運動員各十名作為研究對象。方法與步驟：實驗儀器為一步Mega Speed MS30K 高速攝影機（100Hz）及一台AMTI 測力板（1000Hz），以同步方法擷取在60公分高平台著地迅速向前推蹬之動作。影片以Kwon3D 動作分析軟體處理，經參考架(CC)建構(誤差值.004)、人體肢段參數（BSP）建置、直接線性轉換（DLT）及量化取得運動學參數；測力板原始訊號透過DasyLab6.0分析軟體，經濾波、模組校正得到原始垂直及水平分力、最大峰值出現時間，再經由積分運算獲得推蹬期衝量及著地期負荷率等動力學參數，並以體重倍率(B.W)作為標準化。將參數採用SPSS forwindows12.0版處理，並以二因子混和設計（α＝.05）進行統計分析。結果：一、 綁帶型護具在著地期踝關節最大角位移，顯示綁帶型護具在著地期間確實具有限制關節活動度的效果，造成在地面反作用力垂直分力都大於無護具與支撐型，且在綁帶型護具體操運動員的踝關節角位移小於排球運動員達顯著差異（P＜.05），著地時腳的負荷率（垂直地面反作用力峰值/峰值出現時間）排球運動員比體操運動員來的較大；二、著地期股二頭肌、脛骨前肌平均肌電振幅在不同運動項目與護具間有交互作用均達統計上顯著差異（P＜.05），推蹬期不同運動項目與護具間無交互作用，進一步進行主要效果考驗不同運動項目與護具均達統計上顯著差異（P＜.05）；三、壓力中心左右偏移變化量發現，，排球運動員壓力中心左右偏移變化量在綁帶型護具大於體操運動員，而排球運動員壓力中心左右偏移變化量在無護具與支撐型護具則小於體操運動員。結論與建議：本研究經分析討論發現，綁帶型和支撐型這兩種護具在著地期間確實具有限制關節活動度的效果，綁帶型最為明顯，踝關節矢狀面活動度受到限制，造成綁帶型和支撐型在地面反作用力，垂直分力峰值，50毫秒被動衝量、負荷率都較無護具來的大；體操運動員於著地時衝擊力量會隨之增加，脛骨前肌預先活化，產生較大肌電訊號值，顯示脛骨前肌在動作引導及著地動作中扮演相當重要的角色。由以上結論建議體操運動員在無受傷情況下不要穿戴任何物具對平衡動作較有益，而穿戴綁帶型護具較有保護效果。排球運動員多採軟著的策略，訓練時建議穿戴支撐型護具來限制踝關節內、外翻的角度而減少受傷機率達到保護效果。

Purpose: To investigate the changes in kinematics and parameters of dynamic and electromyo activity of landing from a 60-cm high stage by volleyball athletes and gymnasts wearing various kinds of ankle braces (lace-up and air stirrup ankle braces). Subjects: 10 subjects of each of the volleyball athletes and gymnasts without lower limb related diseases within one year. Materials and method: Apply instruments of aMega Speed Ms30K high speed camera (100Hz) and a ATMI force platform (1000Hz) for synchronously acquiring images of the movement of the landing on and rapidly treading from the 60-cm high stage. Films were processed to athletic parameter values by the Know3D Motion Analysis System, correlation coefficients (CC) (error .004), body segment parameters (BSP), and direct linear transformation. Original signals produced by ATMI force platforms were converted by DASYLab6.0 analysis system by filtering and scaling input signals and numerical standardizing to obtain the vertical and horizontal ground reaction forces, time of the maximum peak ground reaction. Data were integrated for obtaining the parameters of treading values and landing rates, standardizing by body weight (B.W.). SPSS for Windows 12.0 software and two-way mixed design (α=.05) were performed to statistically analyze the effects of various parameters. Results: 1. The maximal landing ankle angle displacement of lace-up ankle braces showed a limited effect on joint activity during the landing and its vertical ground reaction force was greater than no braces or air stirrup ankle braces wearing. The ankle displacement in gymnasts wearing the air stirrup ankle braces was smaller than the volleyball athletes (P＜.05), and the average rate of weight acceptance forces on feet (peak vertical ground reaction force/peak appearing time) in volleyball athletes was greater than gymnasts. 2. The average amplitude of the electromyo activity on biceps femoris and tibialis anterior showed interactions in different athletic sports and braces with statistical difference (P＜.05) during the landing. No interactions shown between different athletic sports and braces. A further test processed on the major effects in different athletic sports and braces have shown the statistically different (P＜.05). 3. The displacement of the center of gravity was greater in volleyball athletes with lace-up braces than gymnasts. However, that displacement in volleyball athletes without wearing braces was lesser than the gymnasts. Conclusion and suggestions: We found that both of the lace-up and air stirrup ankle braces have an effect on the limitation of joint activity during landing, and the lace-up ankle braces show the most obvious effect. The activity of ankle sagittal plane is limited and results in an increase of wearing lace-up and air stirrup ankle braces in the vertical ground reaction force, the peak vertical force, the passive impulse in less than 50 mini-seconds, rate of weight acceptance forces, comparing with no braces equipped. The strength power increases during landing in gymnasts, the tibialis anterior pre-activates and produces a greater electromyo activity value suggest that the tibialis anterior acts as an important role in the movements of leading and landing. In conclusion, we suggest that upon no injuries, the gymnasts shall not wear braces and that can benefit more on the movement of balance. With those acquiring for protections, we suggest that the lace-up braces have a better effect. Because most volleyball athletes apply the strategy of soft material wearing, we suggest that they can wear the air stirrup braces to limit the ankle angles of inversion and eversion for reducing the rate of injury.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
目 次 v
表 次 vii
圖 次 ix
壹、緒論 1
一、問題背景 1
二、研究目的 6
三、研究範圍與限制 7
四、名詞操作性定義 8
貳、文獻探討 11
一、著地動作之相關文獻 11
二、踝關節扭傷之相關文獻 15
三、踝關節護具之相關文獻 19
四、著地動作之肌電相關文獻 23
五、文獻總結 24
參、研究方法與步驟 25
一、研究架構 25
二、研究對象 26
三、實驗時間與地點 26
四、實驗儀器與設備 26
五、實驗場地與儀器架設 30
六、實驗方法與步驟 33
七、資料收集與處理 42
八、統計方法 45
肆、結果 46
一、排球、體操運動項目穿戴不同護具類型之運動學參數分析 46
二、排球、體操運動項目穿戴不同護具類型之動力學參數分析 55
三、排球、體操運動項目穿戴不同護具類型之肌電圖(EMG)分析 62
四、排球、體操運動項目穿戴不同護具類型著地期之壓力中心變化 68
伍、討論 69
一、排球、體操運動項目穿戴不同護具類型運動學與動力學特性分析 69
二、排球、體操運動項目穿戴不同護具類型標準化積分肌電量特性分析 73
三、排球、體操運動項目穿戴不同護具類型著地期之壓力中心變化 74
陸、結論與建議 76
參考文獻 77
中文部分 77
外文部分 78
附錄一 81
實驗參與者須知及同意書 81

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