臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

2008年5月12日汶川大地震發生於北緯30.99度、東經103.36度，中國四川省成都市西北80公里處，阿壩藏族羌族自治州汶川縣附近，深度約19公里，規模7.9。由於許多餘震可由大地震的應力轉移或累積與予觸發，所以探討汶川大地震的同震應力變化與其餘震的相關性，是本研究的重點。
本研究使用有限元素法( Finite Element code for Visco-Elastic Rheology )，採用美國地質調查所平面斷層滑移模型資料，並以不同地質資料來設計汶川地震區域龍門山斷層附近地下模型，再計算汶川地震的同震庫侖破壞應力。
結果發現，在該地區的地質差異，並沒有對應力改變產生顯著的影響，因此在未來可以使用較簡易的水平模型來做運算。藉由中國地震台網的餘震資料，取規模4.0以上，定位清楚的地震資料，比對在不同深度的應力變化。結果顯示，龍門山斷層的應力平面張量在旋轉至斷層面主要滑移的方向上，其計算出的同震庫侖應力與餘震的關係較為吻合。整體結果顯示在淺層及震後早期餘震，與正值應力增加區堿的吻合度較深處高，這表示同震庫侖應力是震後短時期內主要餘震控制的因素，而長時期和深度的餘震觸發得考量其他應力轉移的效應。.

摘要 i
目錄 ii
圖目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
符號說明 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1背景 1
1.2文獻回顧 6
1.3論文架構 7
第二章 研究方法 10
2.1岩石圈流性本構方程式 10
2.2數值分析法 12
2.2.1有限元素法 12
2.2.2分裂節點模擬地震斷層 14
2.2.3模擬程式 16
2.3同震應力改變 17
第三章 模型的建立與資料處理 19
3.1有限元模型 19
3.2庫侖應力改變的計算 27
3.2.1計算應力取向平面 27
3.2.2有效摩擦係數的選擇 28
3.3餘震資料 28
第四章 研究結果討論與結論 29
4.1同震庫侖應力變化 29
4.1.1不同地質與同震庫侖應力 29
4.1.2同震庫侖應力 30
4.2在不同深度下應力變化與餘震的關係 37
4.3較佳的應力取向平面 45
4.4結論 53
參考文獻 54

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