臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

臺灣的雙齒圍沙蠶大多仰賴進口，不只有貨源供應不穩定的問題，沙蠶暫養時間太短且需在低溫環境也大量增加運費電費之成本，因此本研究欲研發一套創新的養殖系統，以達成在室溫下延長養殖時間的目標。本研究以節省人力為出發點設計一套沙蠶專用的室內養殖系統，著重於立體化與自動化的設計，多層抽屜式的養殖槽可增加養殖密度，節省土地面積之利用，而自動噴料設備可定時定量灑料，不僅節省傳統養殖所需之勞力，同時減少立體化養殖餵飼的困難。在預先的底質實驗中比較珊瑚砂、塑膠粒、黑土、小矽沙、海沙以及蛭石等六種材料，結果顯示蛭石可增加底質的透氣性有助於提高養殖密度，其比重小的特點亦增加立體化操作之便利性。針對可能影響沙蠶成長的因素，進行投餌頻率、溫度、飼料種類及密度的系統養殖試驗，並於養殖期間監控系統穩定性。以增重率為評估標準，投餌頻率以每天二次最佳；溫度試驗結果顯示在27℃~28℃的生長環境下比23℃~24℃好；飼料試驗以草蝦苗飼料效果最好；而密度試驗的結果顯示密度越低增重率越高。每組養殖設備包含框架與9個養殖槽，4組設備的總體積為2.3 m3，在實際的養殖試驗中，於體積0.023 m3的單一養殖槽內已成功養殖約六十條沙蠶，密度高達580條/m2。經過試驗證實使用循環水與鋪設底質的環境可維持良好的水質，沙蠶存活率可達九成五以上，證明本系統具有做為暫養設備之可行性，目前本系統可將暫養時間延長至三週，且養殖密度高於傳統養殖也突顯其工廠化養殖之潛力。

In Taiwan, the nereis (Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube) are almost imported from China. For the unstable supplement, the low temperature holding system, and high transportation fee, it is the front burner to innovate a new culture system to extend the culture time at room temperature. In this study, designing an automatic and a multi-layered recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) for nereis is the final purpose. The drawer type feeding system increases not only the culture density, but saves the land area and the labor required. Its automatic feeding equipment is expected to quantitatively sprinkle on time and reduce the difficulties in multi-layered feeding.
Six kinds of different sediment were used to cultivate nereis, such as coral sand, plastic grains, aqua soil , power sand, sand and vermiculite. They were valuated the efficiency respectively in this study. The results show vermiculite sediment can increase the ventilation and culture density most. The lower density of vermiculite makes it convenient in operating multi-layered system. In this case, feeding frequency, temperature, density and different kinds of feeding are the most four important factors to monitor the stability of the system. From those, the best feeding frequency is twice a day, temperature is 27 ℃ - 28 ℃, prawn larvae feed and the lower culture density will get the higher weight gain rate.
It includes 4 groups of equipment in this test. In one group it contains 9 culture tanks and total volume is 0.207 m3. In a single volume of 0.023 m3 tank, 60 pieces of nereis are successfully done in this tank and the raise density is as high as 580 pieces/m2. It was proven that sediment and recirculation aquaculture system will maintain the good water quality and a higher survival rate. It shows the current holding culture system can extend culture time to 3 weeks and the higher farming density also shows the potential for a factory farming.

口試委員省訂書
誌謝.......................................................i
摘要......................................................ii
Abstract.................................................iii
目錄.......................................................v
圖目錄..................................................viii
表目錄...................................................xii
第一章　前言與研究目的.....................................1
1.1前言....................................................1
1.2研究目的................................................4
第二章　文獻探討...........................................5
2.1沙蠶....................................................5
2.2雙齒圍沙蠶..............................................8
2.3異沙蠶..................................................9
2.4沙蠶與種蝦的關係.......................................14
2.5水質...................................................14
第三章 研究方法與原理.....................................16
3.1養殖底質.............................................. 20
3.1.1珊瑚砂.............................................. 20
3.1.2塑膠粒...............................................21
3.1.3黑土.................................................21
3.1.4小矽沙...............................................22
3.1.5海沙.................................................23
3.1.5蛭石.................................................23
3.2室內循環水系統.........................................26
3.3系統設計...............................................27
3.3.1立體化養殖系統.......................................27
3.3.2養殖槽...............................................32
3.3.3 CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)模擬...............33
3.3.4進出流設計...........................................35
3.3.5自動噴料設備.........................................37
3.3.6空壓機...............................................37
3.3.7電磁閥...............................................38
3.3.8定時裝置.............................................38
3.3.9繼電器...............................................39
3.3.10飼料槽裝置..........................................40
3.4水質檢測.............................................. 41
3.5養殖實驗...............................................43
3.5.1不同投料頻率與生長之關係實驗.........................43
3.5.2不同飼料與生長之關係實驗.............................44
3.5.3不同溫度對與生長之關係實驗.......................... 45
3.5.4不同養殖密度與生長之關係試驗.........................47
第四章 結果與討論.........................................48
4.1預先底質實驗...........................................49
4.1.1小矽.................................................49
4.1.2珊瑚砂...............................................50
4.1.3裸缸.................................................51
4.1.4海沙.................................................52
4.1.5蛭石.................................................53
4.2沙蠶異型化現象與沙蠶苗.................................55
4.3立體化循環水養殖.......................................57
4.3.1不同投料頻率與生長之關係實驗.........................57
4.3.2不同飼料與生長之關係實驗.............................60
4.3.3不同溫度與生長之關係實驗.............................63
4.3.4不同養殖密度與生長之關係試驗.........................68
4.4系統效能探討...........................................71
4.5未來應用與發展.........................................73
第五章 結論...............................................76
參考文獻..................................................78
附錄一小矽沙養殖沙蠶紀錄..................................82
附錄二珊瑚砂養殖沙蠶紀錄................................. 83
附錄三裸缸養殖沙蠶紀錄................................... 84
附錄四海沙養殖沙蠶紀錄................................... 85
附錄五蛭石養殖沙蠶紀錄................................... 87
附錄六沙蠶異型化現象紀錄................................. 93

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