臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

作物吸收土壤溶液中的金屬成份主要是有效性的部份，但植物根分泌物會改變根圈土壤內可溶性金屬分子與離子的型態，所以如何控制污染土壤中的有效性重金屬濃度就顯得非常重要。本研究的目的在於探討：（1）現地污染土壤之根圈低分子量有機酸與植體吸收累積重金屬的相關性；（2）在添加不同鎘濃度土壤中，鎘對小米根圈低分子量有機酸種類與量的改變；及（3）評估化學萃取有效性鎘濃度與小米植體中鎘濃度的相關性。
本研究試驗分兩部份，（一）針對彰化市受重金屬不同程度污染的農田土壤，選取四處受Cd、Cu、Pb及Zn污染程度不同的區域(CH-C1、CH-C2、CH-C3及CH-C4)。（二）人為添加試驗，將不同濃度的鎘（0、50、100、200及300 mg kg-1）添加至農委會中區農業改良場之土壤中，再將小米種植於上述處理的土壤中，待小米生長3星期後採收，進行分析。
研究結果顯示，在現地污染土壤部份，發現到乳酸、琥珀酸、蘋果酸、醋酸、丙酸及丁酸等六種低分子量有機酸。由於重金屬組成過於複雜，無法明確推測是那一種重金屬直接對小米根圈有機酸造成影響。
至於在人為添加鎘部份，發現到乳酸、順丁烯二酸、琥珀酸、反丁烯二酸、蘋果酸、醋酸、丙酸及丁酸等八種低分子量有機酸，小米根圈之有機酸含量，不論是個別或是總量都隨著鎘濃度增加而增加的趨勢；在這八種酸中，以醋酸、丙酸及丁酸佔有較高的比例，含量約95∼99 ﹪。小米植體內鎘的含量亦隨著鎘濃度增加而有提高的趨勢。在不同化學萃取法中，以0.1 M HCl所萃取的有效性鎘濃度最高，可達165 mgCd kg-1。經由回歸分析結果顯示，小米葉莖、根部中的鎘濃度與EDTA、DTPA、HCl及NH4Cl萃取的有效性鎘濃度，均有顯著的相關性（P＜0.01），代表四種萃取方法皆可作為評估小米植體中鎘含量的方法。小米根圈低分子量有機酸之總含量與EDTA、DTPA、HCl及NH4Cl萃取的有效性鎘濃度，有顯著的相關性（P＜0.01)。小米根圈低分子量有機酸之總含量與小米葉莖及根部內鎘含量，呈現極顯著相關（P＜0.001）。

Crop can uptake bioavailable metals, but plant exudated can change the soluble type of metal or ion in rhizosphere soil. How to control bioavailable metal concentrations of soil contaminants are an important subject. Thus, the objectives of this study were (1) the relationship between low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) and accumulation of plant uptake heavy metals in situ rhizosphere soils, (2) addition of Cd influence the species and quantity of Setaria rhizosphere LMWOAs, and (3) evaluation of chemical extraction of bioavailable Cd concentrations related to the plant uptake Cd in Setaria.
This research can be separated into two sections: (1) selected four Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contaminated farmland soils in Chaughua (CH-C1, CH-C2, CH-C3 and CH-C4); (2) artificial amended experiments, addition different concentrations of Cd (0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg kg-1) into the soil in Taichuang Agricultural Experiment Station (Council of Agriculture), and the seeds of Setaria planted into above soil treated. The Setaria will grow three weeks and analyzed its data.
There are lactic, succinic, malic, acetic, propionic and butyric of LMWOAs found in situ contaminated soils. Owing the complexity of heavy metal components in contaminated soils, it cannot evaluate the exactly kind of heavy metal species stimulate the LMWOAs production in Setaria .
In the artificial amended Cd, there are lactic, maleic, succinic, fumaric, malic, acetic, propionic and butyric of LMWOAs produced in Setaria. The total and individual LMWOAs increased with increasing of Cd concentrations. However, the quantity of acetic, propionic and butyric acids are high concentrations of 95-99 % in those of eight LMWOAs. On the other hand, the amount of plant uptake Cd was also increased with increasing of Cd amended. 0.1 M HCl soluiton can extract the highest amount of bioavailable Cd compared to different extraction methods (i.e., 165 mg Cd kg-1). The regression analysis of leaf, stem and root Cd concentrations show high correlation with EDTA, DTPA, HCl and NH4Cl extration bioavailable Cd methods (p<0.01), indicating these four extraction methods are capable to evaluate the bioavailable Cd. The amounts of LMWOAs showed high correlation with EDTA, DTPA, HCl and NH4Cl extration bioavailable Cd concentrations (p<0.01). On the other hand, the LMWOAs in Setaria showed a significant correlation with the quantity of Cd in leaf, stem and root (p<0.001).

前言----------------------------------------------------------1
第一節 土壤重金屬之來源、分佈及毒性-------------------------1
第二節 植物復育法-------------------------------------------3
第三節 盆栽植物特性-----------------------------------------3
第四節 根圈低分子量有機酸之特性與定量-----------------------4
第五節 研究目的---------------------------------------------6
第二章 材料與方法-------------------------------------------7
第一節 土壤樣本採集與前處理---------------------------------7
第二節 土壤基本性質分析-------------------------------------7
第三節 土壤重金屬全量分析----------------------------------10
第四節 盆栽試驗--------------------------------------------11
一、植物種類-------------------------------------------------11
二、人為添加鎘土壤之前置試驗---------------------------------11
三、植物栽種-------------------------------------------------11
四、採收-----------------------------------------------------11
五、分析-----------------------------------------------------12
（一） 土壤有效性鎘測定------------------------------------12
（二） 植體之乾物重----------------------------------------13
（三） 植體鎘含量測定--------------------------------------13
（四） 低分子量有機酸含量測定------------------------------14
第三章 結果與討論------------------------------------------21
第一節 樣區土壤之基本物理、化學性質------------------------21
第二節 非揮發性低分子量酸Trimethylsilyl(TMS)轉化之方法修正比
較 -------------------------------------------------24
第三節 低分子量有機酸回收率與分析方法適用性評估------------27
第四節 現地污染土壤盆栽試驗部份----------------------------32
一、 土壤樣區之重金屬含量--------------------------------32
二、 小米之生長與植體吸收重金屬的情形--------------------34
三、 根圈土壤與非根圈土壤之低分子量有機酸含量差異--------38
第五節 人為添加鎘土壤盆栽試驗部份--------------------------42
一、 小米的耐鎘濃度--------------------------------------42
二、 小米之生長情形及植體吸收鎘的情形--------------------42
三、 不同萃取法所萃取出鎘濃度之比較----------------------45
四、 根圈土壤與非根圈土壤之低分子量有機酸含量差異--------49
五、 鎘濃度在小米植體與萃取法間的相關性------------------52
六、 低分子量有機酸與鎘濃度在小米植體與萃取法間的相關性--55
第四章 結論------------------------------------------------58
第五章 參考文獻--------------------------------------------60
附錄---------------------------------------------------------65

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