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研究生:林書辰
研究生(外文):Shu-Chen Lin
論文名稱:運動迷涉入程度、觀賽動機與球隊認同感對出國觀賽意願影響之研究
論文名稱(外文):Sports fans’ motivation, involvement, team identification,and intentions to attend foreign games
指導教授:浦心蕙浦心蕙引用關係
指導教授(外文):Hsin-Hui Pu
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:中國文化大學
系所名稱:觀光事業研究所
學門:民生學門
學類:觀光休閒學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2007
畢業學年度:95
語文別:中文
論文頁數:101
中文關鍵詞:運動觀光運動迷動機涉入程度球隊認同感
外文關鍵詞:sports fansfan motivationinvolvementteam identificationintention to attend foreign games
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本研究主要探討運動迷之涉入程度、觀賽動機及球隊認同感,與出國觀賽意願間之關係。透過便利抽樣的方式,針對臺灣6支職棒球隊之球迷發放問卷,總計發放473份問卷,扣除填寫不完整與全部勾選同一分數之問卷後,無效問卷為66份,有效問卷共407份,有效回收率為86%,球迷人口屬性多為20-29歲間,個人月收入在9,999元以下之學生居多,在球迷特性方面,多為觀賞比賽超過7年,且認為自己是忠誠的球迷,但每年到現場觀賞比賽以不超過6次者為最多;在球隊分布方面,以兄弟象隊與La New熊隊之球迷佔最多。
迴歸分析結果顯示臺灣職棒球迷之涉入程度會正向影響球隊認同感;六個球迷觀賽動機會正向影響球隊認同感,分別為:成就感動機、逃離動機、知識動機、社會互動動機、家庭動機及體格動機;球隊認同感會正向影響臺灣職棒球迷到日本觀賞第三屆亞洲職棒大賽之意願。差異檢定之結果指出不同性別、不同年齡與不同教育程度之球迷,在觀賽動機、涉入程度及球隊認同感上具顯著差異;個人月收入不同之球迷,其觀賽動機及出國觀賽意願具有顯著之差異;觀賽頻率之不同、不同類型之球迷、與不同球隊之球迷,在涉入程度、觀賽動機、球隊認同感及出國觀賽意願上具顯著之差異。
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among the sports fans’ motivation, involvement, team identification, and their intensions to attend foreign games. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. A convenience sample of 407 respondents was selected from the fans of the six professional baseball teams in Taiwan. The majority of the sport fans was male, and single. Nearly 80% of the sample were between 20 to 29 years old. Many respondents obtained university or college degrees. Over half of the respondents were students. The respondents’ frequen-cies of attending games were 0-3 times per year (35.6%). Most of the fans watched CPBL games for over 7 years (53.9%).
The results indicated that the baseball fans team identification was positively af-fected by their motivations and level of involvement. The fans’ team identification showed positive influence on their intentions to attend foreign games. The difference tests showed that respondents’ gender would affect their motivation, involvement, and team identification. Different fans’ age and education showed significant effect on their motivation, involvement, and team identification. Income showed significant effect on their motivation and intention to attend foreign games. Different type of fans, different fans’ attending frequencies, and fans who favoured different team all showed significant effect on their motivation, involvement, team identification, and intention to attend foreign games. The empirical data relevant to the baseball fans might provide useful information for practical purposes.
目錄內容
中文摘要 ...................... iii
英文摘要 ...................... v
誌謝詞  ...................... vii
內容目錄 ...................... viii
表目錄  ...................... x
圖目錄  ...................... xii
第一章  緒論.................... 1
  第一節  研究背景與動機............. 1
  第二節  研究問題與目的............. 3
  第三節  研究範圍與對象............. 6
  第四節  研究流程................ 7
第二章  文獻回顧.................. 8
  第一節  運動觀光................ 8
  第二節  運動迷涉入程度............. 13
  第三節  運動迷觀賽動機............... 18
  第四節  球隊認同感............... 23
第三章  研究設計.................. 30
  第一節  研究架構................ 30
  第二節  研究假設................ 31
  第三節  操作型定義............... 32
  第四節  問卷設計................ 34
  第五節  預試結果分析.............. 42
  第六節  抽樣設計................ 52
  第七節  資料分析方法.............. 52
第四章  研究結果分析與討論............. 54
  第一節  樣本基本資料敘述分析.......... 54
  第二節  觀賽動機、涉入程度、球隊認同感與出國觀賽意願之敘述分析............
56
  第三節  球迷背景變項與各研究變項之關係..... 60
  第四節  觀賽動機、涉入程度、球隊認同感與出國觀賽意願之關係..............
60
第五章  結論與建議................. 81
  第一節  研究結論................ 81
  第二節  研究意涵................ 82
  第三節  研究限制與後續研究建議......... 84
參考文獻....................... 86
附錄A 預試問卷....................... 94
附錄B 正式問卷....................... 98

表目錄
表 2-1 運動觀光定義之整理.............. 8
表 2-2 涉入之定義.................. 15
表 2-3 運動迷涉入程度量表.............. 17
表 2-4 運動迷觀賽動機之構面整理........... 21
表 2-5 球隊認同感定義之整理............. 23
表 2-6 球隊認同感量表之整理............. 26
表 3-1 運動迷觀賽動機問項.............. 35
表 3-2 涉入程度問項................. 38
表 3-3 球隊認同感問項................ 40
表 3-4 運動迷出國觀賽意願問項............ 42
表 3-5 預試基本資料之敘述統計表........... 43
表 3-6 球隊認同感之問項分析表............ 45
表 3-7 觀賽動機之問項分析表............. 47
表 3-8 涉入程度之問項分析表............. 49
表 3-9 出國觀賽意願之問項分析表........... 51
表 3-10 研究問卷修正表................ 51
表 4-1 球迷基本資料與特性分析............ 55
表 4-2 臺灣職棒球迷之觀賽動機構面統計分析表..... 57
表 4-3 臺灣職棒球迷之涉入程度題項統計分析表..... 58
表 4-4 臺灣職棒球迷之球隊認同感題項統計分析表..... 59
表 4-5 臺灣職棒球迷之出國觀賽意願統計分析表..... 60
表 4-6 球迷基本資料對觀賽動機、涉入程度、球隊認同感及出國觀賽意願之差異分析............
62
表 4-7 不同年齡之球迷對各變項之差異分析表....... 63
表 4-8 不同教育程度之球迷對各變項之差異分析表.... 64
表 4-9 不同個人月收入之球迷對各變項之差異分析表... 65
表 4-10 不同職業狀況之球迷對各變項之差異分析表.... 66
表 4-11 不同球齡之球迷對各變項之差異分析表...... 67
表 4-12 不同觀賽[頻率之球迷對各變項之差異分析表...... 68
表 4-13 不同類型之球迷對各變項之差異分析表...... 69
表 4-14 不同球隊之球迷對各變項之差異分析表...... 70
表 4-15 球迷動機對球隊認同感之逐步多元迴歸分析..... 73
表 4-16 高認同感球迷動機對球隊認同感之逐步多元迴歸
分析..................... 74
表 4-17 低認同感球迷動機對球隊認同感之逐步多元迴歸
分析..................... 75
表 4-18 涉入程度對球隊認同感之簡單線性迴歸分析..... 78
表 4-19 涉入程度對球隊認同感之逐步多元迴歸分析..... 78
表 4-20 球隊認同感對出國觀賽意願題項一之簡單線性迴歸
分析..................... 79
表 4-21 球隊認同感對出國觀賽意願題項二之簡單線性迴歸
分析..................... 80
表 4-22 球隊認同感對出國觀賽意願題項三之簡單線性迴歸
分析..................... 80


圖目錄
圖 1-1 研究流程圖.................. 7
圖 3-1 研究架構圖.................. 30
一、中文部份

中華職棒大聯盟官方網站(2006),賽程查詢[線上資料],來源:http://www.cpbl.com.tw[2006, November 21]。

王沛泳(2001),球迷參與行為與參與滿意度之影響因素-統一獅實證研究,國立成功大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。

江中皓(2003),我國運動觀光發展契機與潛力之評估-以高爾假期為例[線上資料],來源:http://media.justsports.net.tw/spo_demo/annualreport/Quarterly138/index.asp[2006, November 11]。

李允仁(2004),球隊認同對球迷滿意度與忠誠度影響之研究,東吳大學國際貿易研究所未出版之碩士論文。

吳明隆(2005),SPSS與統計應用分析,台北:五南圖書出版股份有限公司。

林心晨(2004),以職棒球迷的認同感來探討運動贊助的效果,國立台北大學企業管理學系未出版之碩士論文。

張春興(1989),張氏心理學辭典,台北:東華書局。

高俊雄(2003),運動觀光之規劃與發展[線上資料],來源:http://media.justsports.net.tw/spo_demo/annualreport/Quarterly138/index.asp[2006, November 11]。

曹勝雄(2001),觀光行銷學(初版),台北:揚智文化。

陳彥豪(2004),職棒球迷涉入程度、球隊認同、參與滿意度、與球迷忠誠度之關聯探討,國立嘉義大學休閒事業管理研究所碩士班未出版之碩士論文。

湯擷嘉(2003),運動觀賞者對出國觀賞運動的旅遊需求、動機及期望之研究,中國文化大學觀光事業研究所未出版之碩士論文。

廖俊儒(2004),職棒現場觀眾消費體驗要素對體驗滿意度與忠誠意願影響之研究,國立台灣師範大學體育學系未出版之博士論文。

劉雅慧(2005),職棒球迷的球隊認同感對贊助企業品牌權益影響之研究-以La new熊隊為例,朝陽科技大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。

二、英文部份

Capella, M. E. (2002). Measuring sports fans involvement: The fan behavior questionnaire. Southern Business Review, 27(2), 30-36.

Chen, P. J. (2004). Sport club: Understanding fans’ loyalty[Online]. Available: http://hotel.unlv.edu/pdf/Sport%20club%20final%20version%201-10-05.pdf [2006, December 5]

Cornwell, T. B., & Coote, L. V. (2005). Corporate sponsorship of a cause: The role of identification in purchase intent. Journal of Business Research, 58(3), 268-276.

Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M., & Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organiza-tional images and member identification. Administrative Sci-ence Quarterly, 39(2), 239-263.

Dietz, U. B., Harrick, E. A., End, C., & Jacquemotte, L. (2000). Sex differences in sport fan behavior and reasons for being a sport fan. Journal of sport Behavior, 23(3), 219-231.

Fisher, R. J., & Wakefield, K. (1998). Factors leading to group identi-fication: A field study of winners and losers. Psychology & Marketing, 15(1), 23-40.

Funk, D. C., Mahony, D. F., & Ridinger, L. L. (2002). Characterizing consumer motivation as individual difference factors: Aug-menting the sport interest inventory (SII) to explain level of spectator support. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 11(1), 33-43.

Fink, J. S., Trail, G. T., & Anderson, D. F. (2002). An examination of team identification: Which motives are most salient its existence? International Sports Journal, 6(2), 195-207.

Green, B. C., & Chlip, L. (1997). Enduring involvement in youth soc-cer: The socialization of parent and child. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(1), 67-77.

Gibson, H. J. (1998). Active sport tourism: Who participates? Leisure Studies, 17(2) 155-170.

Gibson, H. J. (1999). Sport tourism: The rules of the game. Parks & Recreation, 34(6), 36-45.

Gibson, H. J., Willming, C., Holdnak, A. (2003). Small-scale event sport tourism: Fans as tourists. Tourism management, 24(2), 181-190.

Getz, D. (2003). Sport event tourism: Planning, development, and marketing. In H. Simon. (Ed.), Sport and adventure tourism (pp. 1-25). Reading, New York: THHP.

Gwinner, K., & Swanson, S. R. (2003). A model of fan identification: Antecedent and sponsorship outcomes. The Journal of Services Marketing, 17(3), 275-294.

Gibson, H. J. (2006). Sport tourism: Concepts and theories (pp. 1-9). New York: Routledge.

Havitz, M. E., & Dimanche, F. (1997). Leisure involvement revisited: Conceptual conundrums and measurement advances. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(3), 245-278.

Hunt, K. A., Bristol, T., & Bashaw, R. E. (1999). A conceptual ap-proach to classifying sports fans. Journal of Services Marketing, 13(6), 439-452.

Hsu, C., & Crotts, J. C. (2006). Segmenting Mainland Chinese resi-dents based on experience, intention and desire to visit Hong Kong. International Journal of Tourism Research, 8(4), 279-287.

James, J. D., & Ridinger, L. L. (2002). Female and male sport fans: A comparison of sport consumption motives. Journal of Sport Behavior, 25(3), 260-278.

Jones, I., & Green, B. C. (2006). Serious leisure, social identity and sport tourism. In G. Heather (Ed.), Sport tourism: Concepts and theories. (pp. 32-49). Reading, New York: Routledge.

Kerstetter, D. L., & Kovich, G. M. (1997). An involvement profile of division in woman’s basketball spectator. Journal of Manage-ment, 11(3), 234-249.

Kwon, H., & Trail, G. (2001). Sport fan motivation: A comparison of American students and international students. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 10(2), 147-155.

Kim, N., & Chalip, L. (2004). Why travel to the FIFA world cup? Ef-fects of motives, background, interest, and constraints. Tourism Management, 25(6), 695-707.

Laverie, D. A., & Arnett, D. B. (2000). Factors affecting fan atten-dance: The influence of identity salience and satisfaction. Jour-nal of Leisure Research, 32(2), 225-246.

Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identifi-cation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103-123.

Madrigal, R. (1995). Cognitive and affective determinants of fan sat-isfaction with sporting event attendance. Journal of Leisure Re-search, 27(3), 205-227.

Madrigal, R. (2000). The influence of social alliances with sports teams on intentions to purchase corporate sponsors’ products. Journal of Advertising, 29(4), 13-24.

McDonald, M. A., Milne, G. R., & Hong, J. B. (2002). Motivational factors for evaluating sport spectator and participant markets. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 11(2), 100-113.

Nogawa, H., Yamaguchi, Y., & Hagi, Y. (1996). An empirical re-search study on Japanese sport tourism in sport-for-all events: Case studies of a single-night event and a multiple-night event. Journal of Travel Research, 35(1), 46-54.

Neirotti, L. D., Bosetti, H. A., & Teed, K. C. (2001). Motivation to at-tend the 1996 Summer Olympic Games. Journal of Travel Re-search, 39(3), 327-331.

Neirotti, L. D. (2003). An introduction to sport and adventure tourism. In H. Simon. (Ed.), Sport and adventure tourism (pp. 1-25). Reading, New York: THHP.

Schouten, J. W., & Mcalexander, J. H. (1995). Subcultures of con-sumption: An ethnography of new bikers. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(1), 43-61.

Standeven, J., & Knop, P. D. (1999). Sport tourism. Champaign: Hu-man Kinetics, 1-39.

Trail, G. T., Fink, J. S., & Anderson, D. F. (2000). A theoretical model of sport spectator consumption behavior. International Journal of Sport Management, 3(1), 154-180.

Trail, G. T., & James, J. D. (2001). The motivation scale for sport consumption: Assessment of the scale’s psychometric properties. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24(1), 108-127.
Wann, D. L. (1996). Seasonal changes in spectators’ identification and involvement with evaluations of college basketball and football teams. The Psychological Record, 46(1), 201-215.

Wann, D. L., Royalty, J. L., & Rochelle, A. R. (2002). Using motiva-tion and team identification to predict sport fans’ emotional re-sponses to team performance. Journal of Sport Behavior, 25(2), 207-216.

Weed, M., & Bull, C. (2004). Sport tourism: Participants, policy and providers. Boston: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.

Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 341-352.
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