臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

三相交直流轉換器在於提供大功率之直流電源，其應用相當廣，而傳統的三相二極體整流器雖可提供一個直流電壓，但其所引起之諧波污染及輕載時低功因的缺陷，可說已不合乎今日之應用需求。另外，為了避免轉換器效率與可靠度的降低，利用單級式的方法整合輸入電流控制部分和負載電壓可調兩部份成一級，可說是目前發展的趨勢。而鑑於此，本論文中提出一單級三相升降壓型交直流轉換器，不僅其輸入側電流為近乎純淨之弦波且可達單位功因，固定切換頻率，並且還能達到輸出端為可調升調降之近乎純直流電壓的性能。
文中並且利用狀態空間平均技術建立新型轉換器的數學模式以作為分析、模擬及控制器設計用。最後並實際製作一硬體電路雛形來驗證本論文所提新型轉換器之可行性。
在今日的工業發展中，電力能源扮演著相當重要的角色。由於電力公司所供應之電力是固定電壓、頻率的電源，因此不同的電力形式需求都需要經過轉換才能滿足所需。在此情況下，遂有各種形式的轉換器孕育而出。而直流電源在許多工業應用中扮演著重要的角色，諸如：捷運系統、直流電弧爐與交交流轉換器的中間直流交鏈(DC-link)等，所以就有許多交直流轉換器的研究發表。雖然，傳統的三相二極體整流器可以很方便地提供一個直流電壓，但是因為在電源端的電流為脈動電流，使得這些含有高諧波成分之電流注入電力系統後，將降低系統功因，造成電壓波形失真，線路損失增加等不良影響。此外所引起之電磁干擾(EMI)亦可能造成通信系統及精密電子設備不必要的錯誤訊息及誤動作。另外，可調式的直流電壓輸出，在某些應用環境亦有其必要性，雖然早期利用相位可控整流器(Phase Controlled Rectifier)亦具有可調直流電壓輸出的功能，但是在輕載時的低功因和諧波等問題卻是最大的缺陷，因此，如何克服以上問題以符合目前國際上許多諧波管制標準，並同時產生可調的直流電壓輸出，顯然是個很重要且實用的課題。
一般升降壓型交直流轉換器對於能量的轉換，有兩個基本方法。首先，是傳統兩級式的轉換方法，在此方法中，其前級負責控制其輸入電流使追隨輸入電壓，而後級之直直流轉換器(DC/DC Converter)則用以達到良好的負載調整率。雖然這方法能提供良好的性能，但值得注意的是，因能量從電源端到負載端需經過兩種電力轉換，因此可靠度及效率都會降低。其次是單級式(Single Stage Approach )的方法，它是整合輸入電流控制部分和負載電壓可調兩部份成一級，因此效率將可以提高上來。必要時，也可以將其輸入輸出隔離化（Input/Output Isolation），因此，它在實際應用上是非常吸引人的。所以本論文主要動機即在研究尋求一單級三相升降壓型交直流轉換器，不僅其輸入電流為弦波且單位功因，還能達到輸出端為可調升調降之純直流電壓的性能。

目 錄
摘要Ⅰ
誌謝Ⅱ
目錄Ⅲ
圖目錄Ⅴ
表目錄Ⅸ
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機1
1.2 文獻回顧2
1.2.1 三相升壓型(Boost) 交直流轉換器3
1.2.2 三相降升壓型（Buckboost）交直流轉換器7
1.2.3 三相升降壓型（Boostbuck）交直流轉換器9
1.3 本論文之貢獻9
1.4 本論文之內容概述10
第二章 新型三相升降壓型交直流轉換器 11
2.1 前言11
2.2 廣義零電壓空間向量11
2.3 電路架構16
2.4 新型轉換器之工作原理17
第三章 數學模式之建立 27
3.1 前言27
3.2 狀態平均模式之導演27
3.3 動態模式之導演34
3.4 新型轉換器之轉移函數38
第四章 硬體電路實作與實測結果 49
4.1 前言49
4.2 模擬結果49
4.3 硬體電路實作54
4.3.1 電力電路55
4.3.2 控制電路60
4.4 實作結果73
第五章 結論 80
參考文獻 82
附錄一 MATLAB模擬程式 87
附錄二 PSPICE模擬程式 91
附錄三 功率開關元件規格表 95
附錄二 隔離驅動光耦合器規格表 97

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