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研究生:李加惠
研究生(外文):Chia-Huei Lee
論文名稱:檜木精油的製程及抑菌活性之研究
論文名稱(外文):Studies on Manufacturing Process of Hinoki Oil and its Antibacterial Activity
指導教授:劉富雄劉富雄引用關係
指導教授(外文):Fu-Shung Liu
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立雲林科技大學
系所名稱:工業化學與災害防治研究所
學門:工程學門
學類:化學工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2005
畢業學年度:93
語文別:中文
論文頁數:150
中文關鍵詞:萃取方法抗菌活性植物精油檜木精油
外文關鍵詞:antibacterial activityessential oilextraction methods.hinoki oil
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:2
  • 點閱點閱:2018
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:1
植物精油本身為具有獨特氣味的物質,因含有許多天然芳香成分,常做為吸引外物或抵抗侵害之利器。本研究以自大陸出產的檜木當來源,使用不同萃取方法、萃取溶劑和萃取時間萃取其檜木精油,並進一步使用氣相層析-質譜儀(GC-MS)分析檜木精油的有效成分的含量及鑑定精油各成分,在檜木精油的深顏色問題方面,使用雙相萃取法及活性碳吸附法等兩種不同脫色的方法,最後探討檜木精油在抑菌活性的效果及最小抑制濃度。萃取製程得到的檜木精油之粗產率由高到低為:索式萃取法>溶劑蒸餾萃取法>冷浸萃取法>兩段萃取法>油萃法;使用的萃取溶劑其萃取能力大小為:甲醇>乙醇>丙酮>正己烷>水,萃取時間3小時會得到檜木精油的最佳粗產率;最後利用氣相層析-質譜儀(GC-MS)分析檜木精油後,可以鑑定得到二十四種的化合物成分,其中最多的成分為萜類;萃取製程得到有效成分由高到低為:索式萃取法>溶劑蒸餾萃取法>兩段萃取法>冷浸萃取法,其去色效果為︰雙相萃取法>活性碳吸附。在抗菌方面,檜木精油對六種菌株的抗菌結果,以枯草桿菌>蠟樣桿菌>大腸桿菌>嗜水氣單胞菌>普通變形桿菌>靈桿菌,檜木精油抑制革蘭氏陽性菌較革蘭氏陰性菌效果好,檜木精油濃度為20ppm即具有抑菌效果。
Essential oil from plants usually contains a variety of natural aromas which either attract or repel other hostile organisms. Many papers on study of wood bioactivity were published overseas, much less domestic scientists were involved in the investigation of the antibacterial activity of essential oils of wood such as hinoki. This research utilizes different extraction methods to extract the hinoki oil and to investigate the antibacterial activity of essential oils of hinoki grown in mainland China. The content of effective components of the hinoki oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Regarding colour problem of hinoki oil, two methods namely double extraction and activated carbon methods were utilized. The discussion finally centered on effectiveness of its antibacterial activity and the minimum inhibitory concentrateon(MIC). Hinoki oil yield decreased according to the extraction method used: soxhlet extraction > solvent distillation extraction > cold solvent extraction > double extraction > Enfleurage. The extraction solvent used affects the yield: Methyl alcohol > Ethanol > Acetone > Hexane > Water. It was found that extraction of hinoki oil mostly can be done in 3 hours. Utilization of GC-MS analysis revealed that it can identify 24 kinds of chemical compounds in hinoki oil, with terpenes as major components. Process varies in its ability in extracting effective composition: soxhlet extraction > solvent distillation extraction > double extraction > cold solvent extraction. Effectiveness of color removal is in the order of: double extraction > activated carbon adsorption. In the antibacterial test, antibacterial activity of hinoki oil towards six bacterial strains is in the order of: Bacillus subtilis > Bacillus cereus> Escherichia coli > Aeromonas hydrophila > Proteus vulgaris > Serratia marcescens. The observation also revealed that hinoki oil can remove Gram-positive bacteria more easily than Gram-negative bacteria. The concentration of hinoki oil in 20 ppm is already enough to show inhibitory effect.
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
誌謝 v
總目錄 vi
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xv
一、緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 檜木的藥理活性 3
二、文獻回顧 5
2.1 精油介紹 5
2.2 檜木之歷史回顧與活性效用 6
2.3 檜木精油成分 8
2.3.1 扁柏檜木精油 8
2.3.2 紅檜檜木精油 9
2.3.3 萜類 12
2.5 抗細菌活性之研究 21
2.6 抗細菌試驗 28
2.7 研究目的 30
三、材料與方法 31
3.1 實驗藥品與儀器 31
3.1.1 實驗藥品 31
3.1.2 儀器設備 33
3.2 實驗流程圖 34
3.2.1 精油萃取及分析實驗流程圖 34
3.2.2 抑菌實驗流程圖 35
3.3 精油萃取及分析實驗 36
3.3.1 萃取方法步驟 37
3.3.2 儀器分析條件 40
3.3.3 標準液之檢量線 41
3.3.4 檜木精油主要成分之鑑定 41
3.3.5 檜木精油去色部份 42
3.4 抑菌實驗 43
3.4.1 培養基和菌株的來源及介紹 43
3.4.2 培養基的配製 46
3.4.3 菌種之保存與更新 46
3.4.4 檜木精油的抑菌時間曲線 47
3.4.5 有效成分的最低抑制濃度 47
四、結果與討論 49
4.1 精油萃取及分析實驗結果 49
4.1.1 以不同萃取方法得到的精油粗產率 49
4.1.2 探討萃取時間對精油粗產率的影響 59
4.1.3 五種有效成份的標準品分析 61
4.1.4 鑑定檜木精油中所萃取出的的成分 68
4.1.5 檜木粗精油的有效成分之含量 72
4.1.6 不同溶劑下萃出液之顏色變化情形 82
4.1.7 檜木精油去色前後的差別 87
4.2 抑菌實驗結果 92
4.2.1 檜木精油的抑菌效果 92
4.2.2 五種有效成分的抑菌效果 103
五、結論 120
六、參考文獻 122


圖目錄
圖2.1 索式萃取裝置圖。 17
圖3.1 精油萃取及分析實驗的流程圖。 34
圖3.2 抑菌實驗流程圖。 35
圖4.1冷浸萃取法以不同溶劑萃取對粗產率的影響。實驗條件:取10g的檜木屑溶於不同的溶劑(甲醇、乙醇、水、正己烷、丙酮)200ml中萃取,在室溫下加以震盪,萃取時間為3小時。 51
圖4.2 蒸餾萃取法以不同溶劑萃取對粗產率的影響。實驗條件:取10g的檜木屑溶於不同的溶劑(甲醇、乙醇、水、正己烷、丙酮)在200ml中萃取,萃取溫度在(70℃、80℃、100℃、65℃、60℃)下,萃取時間3小時。 53
圖4.3 索式萃取法以不同溶劑萃取對粗產率的影響。實驗條件:取10g的檜木屑溶於不同的溶劑(甲醇、乙醇、水、正己烷、丙酮)在200ml中萃取,萃取溫度在(70℃、80℃、100℃、65℃、60℃)下,萃取時間3小時。 54
圖4.4 油萃取法於兩種溶劑(礦物油、沙拉油)萃取對粗產率的影響。 55
圖4.5 五種標準液的GC分析圖。(1)α-pinene、(2)terpinen、(3)limonene、(4)linalool、(5)cedrol。 62
圖4.6 α-pinene的MS分析圖譜。 63
圖4.7 terpinen的MS分析圖譜。 64
圖4.8 limonen的MS分析圖譜。 65
圖4.9 linalool的MS分析圖譜。 66
圖4.10 cedrol的MS分析圖譜。 67
圖4.11 檜木精油的GC分析圖。 69
圖4.12 冷浸法利用GC分析得到的產量。 73
圖4.13 蒸餾法利用GC分析得到的產量。 74
圖4.14 索氏法利用GC分析得到的產量。 76
圖4.15 油萃法利用GC分析得到的產量。 78
圖4.16 兩段萃取法利用GC分析得到的產率。 80
圖4.17 冷浸萃取法得到的萃出液。萃取溶劑由圖左到右:甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、正己烷、水。 83
圖4.18 冷浸萃取法得到的萃出液。萃取溶劑由圖左到右:丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、水、正己烷。 84
圖4.19 檜木精油的萃出液(右)和加入活性碳後的萃出液(左)之差異。 88
圖4.20 木精油利用GC分析加入活性碳去色前(上)、後(下)的差別。 89
圖4.21 利用油萃法(左)和雙萃取法(右)的萃出液比較去色效果。 90
圖4.22 檜木精油對枯草桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)之抑菌活性影響。 94
圖4.23 檜木精油對蠟樣桿菌(Bacillus cereus)之抑菌活性影響。 95
圖4.24 檜木精油對大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli)之抑菌活性影響。 97
圖4.25 檜木精油對嗜水氣單胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)之抑菌活性影響。 98
圖4.26 檜木精油對普通變形桿菌(Proteus vulgaris)之抑菌活性影響。 99
圖4.27 檜木精油對靈桿菌(Serratia marcescens)之抑菌活性影響。 101
圖4.28 精油中的五種有效成分分別為:pinene、limonene、linalool、terpinen、cedrol,對枯草桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)的抑菌效果。實驗時間:4小時,標準液的濃度各為:2000 ppm。 104
圖4.29 精油中的五種有效成分分別為:pinene、limonene、linalool、terpinen、cedrol,對枯草桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)的抑菌效果。實驗時間:24小時,標準液的濃度各為:2000 ppm。 105
圖4.30 精油中的五種有效成分分別為:pinene、limonene、linalool、terpinen、cedrol,對蠟樣桿菌(Bacillus cereus)的抑菌效果。實驗時間:4小時,標準液的濃度各為:2000 ppm。 107
圖4.31 精油中的五種有效成分分別為:pinene、limonene、linalool、terpinen、cedrol,對蠟樣桿菌(Bacillus cereus)的抑菌效果。實驗時間:24小時,標準液的濃度各為:2000 ppm。 108
圖4.32 精油中的五種有效成分分別為:pinene、limonene、linalool、terpinen、cedrol,對大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli)的抑菌效果。實驗時間:4小時,標準液的濃度各為:2000 ppm。 109
圖4.33 精油中的五種有效成分分別為:pinene、limonene、linalool、terpinen、cedrol,對大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli)的抑菌效果。實驗時間:24小時,標準液的濃度各為:2000 ppm。 110
圖4.34 精油中的五種有效成分分別為:pinene、limonene、linalool、terpinen、cedrol,對嗜水氣單胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)的抑菌效果。實驗時間:4小時,標準液的濃度各為:2000 ppm。 112
圖4.35 精油中的五種有效成分分別為:pinene、limonene、linalool、terpinen、cedrol,對嗜水氣單胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)的抑菌效果。實驗時間:24小時,標準液的濃度各為:2000 ppm。 113
圖4.36 精油中的五種有效成分分別為:pinene、limonene、linalool、terpinen、cedrol,對普通變形桿菌(Proteus vulgaris)的抑菌效果。實驗時間:4小時,標準液的濃度各為:2000 ppm。 114
圖4.37 精油中的五種有效成分分別為:pinene、limonene、linalool、terpinen、cedrol,對普通變形桿菌(Proteus vulgaris)的抑菌效果。實驗時間:24小時,標準液的濃度各為:2000 ppm。 115
圖4.38 精油中的五種有效成分分別為:pinene、limonene、linalool、terpinen、cedrol,對靈感菌(Serratia marcescens)的抑菌效果。實驗時間:4小時,標準液的濃度各為:2000 ppm。 117
圖4.39 精油中的五種有效成分分別為:pinene、limonene、linalool、terpinen、cedrol,對靈感菌(Serratia marcescens)的抑菌效果。實驗時間:24小時,標準液的濃度各為:2000 ppm。 118


表目錄
表2.1 檜木精油成分之性質 13
表2.2 植物精油抗菌的主要成分 22
表2.3 木材精油之抗細菌活性 24
表2.4 植物抗菌成分的作用機制(Cowan,1999) 25
表3.1 培養基的成分 43
表3.2 實驗菌株 45
表3.3 實驗菌株對人體的影響(蔡,2002,P.440~503) 45
表4.1 利用不同萃取方法以五種溶劑對檜木的粗產率(%)影響。 50
表4.2 冷浸法、溶劑蒸餾萃取法、索氏萃取法所萃取的檜木精油粗產率隨萃取時間變化的影響。 60
表4.3 利用蒸餾法所得到檜木精油經GC-MS分析鑑定之化合物。 70
表4.4 利用蒸餾法所得到檜木精油經GC-MS分析鑑定之化合物(緒)。 71
表4.5 不同萃取方法的檜木三種主要成分之產率。 77
表4.6 溶劑種類及檜木屑量對萃取所得檜木精油顏色的變化。 86
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