臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

食蚊魚Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853) 與孔雀魚Poecilia reticulate Peters, 1859皆為全球入侵種，常見於全台灣湖泊、河流、池塘、稻田、溝渠。本研究探討這兩種台灣常見入侵淡水魚種共域覓食時的活動和取食行為，以瞭解隨著人類活動和全球變遷，在越來越多的生態系統出現多重入侵種之後發生種間的交互作用。比較兩種魚在觀察缸內單獨飼養、同種或異種混養處理的取食行為及成長狀況，顯示兩種魚類各處理組體長均持續增加，僅孔雀魚同種及異種處理組體重持續增加，但兩種魚類單獨1隻餵食均有最高取食量約多1.2-2.4倍，和最低體長增長約少0.35-0.57倍，且體重下降約1.25倍。推測兩種魚均為野外群體生活的魚種其較不適應單獨生存，實驗每日撈取過程近似野外捕食者的獵食過程，持續累積壓力造成生理反應使體重下降甚至造成食蚊魚單獨處理組最後2/3個體死亡。同種或異種處理的孔雀魚比食蚊魚較常在上層水域活動且取食數約為食蚊魚的5倍，食蚊魚大多在下層水域且取食飼料數約為孔雀魚的1.5倍，隨著實驗時間增加，兩種魚逐漸在不同的水層活動且覓食模式改變。食蚊魚在剛餵食後會短暫取食上層飼料，之後僅在下層取食，而孔雀魚會在上、下層之間游動取食，孔雀魚整體取食量為食蚊魚的1.2倍，但食蚊魚在下層取食量會隨著週次逐漸上升。推論兩種魚共域生存時，孔雀魚多在上層活動取食，而食蚊魚則偏向下層活動取食，這種資源的劃分，使這兩種入侵種魚類可以避開直接競爭，達到生態區位分化，並在相同環境下共存。

The mosquitofish Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853) and the guppy Poecilia reticulate Peters, 1859 are both worldwide invasive fish, can be found in the standing water area of the lake, river, ponds, rice fields and gutters all over Taiwan. This study aims at investigating the foraging behavior and activity of these two common invasive freshwater fishes coexist in Taiwan for understanding the interaction of multiple invasive species in more and more ecosystems. Comparing the treatments of single individual, intraspecies and interspecies, the results indicated that the body length in each treatment of both fishes increased, and only the weight of the guppies of intraspecies and interspecies treatments continued to increase. The food intake of single individual treatments of both fishes were highest, about1.2-2.4 times, but the weight growth decreased 1.25 times that of intraspecies and interspecies treatment. We assumed that two fish species both are colonial animals in wild that were not used to living alone. The process of net fishing daily for the experimental fishes caused the physiological reaction like the predation in nature. The stress caused the weight loss of fishes and death of the 2/3 of the mosquitofish of individual treatment at the end. Guppy of intraspecies and interspecies treatments were more active in upper water area and ingested 5 times the amount of food consumed by mosquitofish in same treatments. Mosquitofish of intraspecies and interspecies treatment were more active in lower water area and ingested 1.5 times the amount of food consumed by guppy in same treatments. As the weeks pass over, two fish species were gradually swim and forage more in different water layers and changed the foraging pattern. After feeding, the mosquitofish would forage in the upper area for a short time and then only forage in the lower area, whereas the guppy would swim and forage between the upper and lower area. The guppy ingested 1.2 times food than the mosquitofish consuming throughout the experiment, but the food intake of mosquitofish was increasing over time at the bottom. It is concluded that the partition of resources allows the two invasive fish species to avoid direct competition and coexist in the same environment. When two fish coexist, the guppy would mostly forage in the upper area and the mosquitofish in the lower area.

中文摘要….…………………………………………………………………….I
Abstract…………..……...……………………………………………………...II
致謝………………...………………………………………………………...III
目錄…………………………………………………………………………..IV
表次…………………………………………………………………..…….V
圖次………………….………………………………………………………VI
壹、前言……………………………………………….……..………………..1
貳、材料及方法………………………………………………………………...6
參、結果…………………………………………………...…………………12
肆、討論………………………………………………...……………………22
伍、參考文獻…………………………………………………………...……27

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