臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

氯系的消毒方法雖盛行已久，但目前環境的汙染造成食物或飲用水質改變及微生物的抗藥性致使衍生許多有機消毒副產物，嚴重提高危害人體的健康風險，而尋求取代氯系消毒劑而更安全有效的廣普性殺菌劑應是當今重要的課題。二氧化氯另一種更安全且具有高效殺菌的廣普性殺菌劑，國際間各先進國家均已逐漸以其取代氯系消毒劑，鑑於國內目前使用風氣未開，探究其主要因素係國內官方尚無公告檢測方法及更有效規範用量，而造成推展上的障礙，本實驗所採用連續碘量法檢測各成分濃度，探討本實驗各條件產製之二氧化氯純度。本研究利用自製電解法二氧化氯原型機以食鹽及亞氯酸鈉等為原料，連續生產二氧化氯，期待能提供用水消毒上一個最經濟且方便有效殺菌消毒的解決方案。研究中發現若以100安培電流電解20％食鹽水溶液每小時獲得20至24克液氯可提供二十噸之飲用水消毒使用。以電流、濃度、溫度及進料速率等四因子利用田口方法採三重複實驗尋求本實驗機之最佳操作參數。從實驗中所得最佳操作參數值為A3（電流100Amp）、B2（濃度5％亞氯酸鈉）、C3（操作溫度65℃）、D3（進料速率50ml/min），經操作生產可獲得平均1164ppm純度86％之二氧化氯。本實驗生成之二氧化氯於5ppm作用二十分鐘能可有效殺滅對照組生菌數為1.5×105之藥浴水池細菌，且二氧化氯120ppm之用水清洗魚體三分鐘可有效降低生菌數1.46個log值，故本實驗機應可適用連續殺菌或消毒製程。

Chlorine has been used as disinfectant for a long time, but food or drinking water quality changes due to environmental contaminations and microorganisms’ resistance to disinfectants led to the generation of organic disinfection by-products, which badly raises human being’s health risks. Therefore, it is essential to seek more safe and effective alternative disinfectants. Chlorine dioxide is a more safe and effective disinfectant that is widely used as a replacement of chlorine internationally, however, it is still not used very often in Taiwan, mainly because the lack of regulations regarding analyzing methods and dosage amounts. Continuous iodometric method is applied in this study to measure the purity of chlorine dioxide.To provide an economical and efficient disinfection method, this study uses a prototype of electrolyzing equipment that is able to produce chlorine dioxide via salt and sodium chlorite. With 100 Amp electrical currents and 20% salty water, this prototype produces 20 to 24 grams of liquid chlorine per hour, which can disinfect 20 tons of drinking water. This study also tried to find optimal operational parameters by means of Taguchi method with four factors: electrical current, concentration, temperature and feeding speed. The optimal operational parameters are A3 (electrical current is 100 Amp), B2 (concentration of sodium chlorite is 5%), C3 (operational temperature is 65oC), D3 (feeding speed is 50 ml/min). Under the optimal operational condition, chlorine dioxide with concentration of 1164 ppm and purity of 86% is produced. By using the chlorine dioxide produced in this study, bacterium (1.5x105 CFU/ml) in a pool is easily destroyed (5 ppm chlorine dioxide, 20 minutes reaction time), and the numbers of bacterium on a fish body can be reduced to 1.46 log (120 ppm chlorine dioxide, 3 minutes reaction time). This electrolyzing equipment can be applied in continuous processes as an disinfecting unit.

目錄
內頁標題
博碩士論文電子檔案上網授權書
碩士學位論文口試委員會審定書
中文摘要…………………………………………..………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
誌謝………………………………………………………………………IV
目錄……………………………………………………………………VI
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………VIII
表目錄……………………………………………………………………IX
壹、 前言……………………………………………….……………..….1
1.1 研究動機…………………………………….…………..………….1
1.3 研究目的………………………………………….………………….2
貳、 文獻回顧…………………………………….………………………3
2.1 二氧化氯基本性質…………………………………………………3
2.1.1 二氧化氯的發現……………………………………………3
2.1.2 二氧化氯的理化性質………………………………………3
2.1.3 二氧化氯的毒性…………………….…………………………4
2.1.4 二氧化氯的氧化特性…………………..…..…………………5
2.1.5 二氧化氯的消毒特性………………………….……………9
2.2 二氧化氯應用…………………………………………………………14
2.2.1 淨水工程…………………………..……….…………………14
2.2.2 醫學消毒……………..……………….………………………15
2.2.3食品及畜產等消毒殺菌…………………..…………………15
2.3 二氧化氯的產製技術……………………..…………………………17
2.3.1 氯酸鈉法…………………………..…………………………18
2.3.2 亞氯酸鈉法……………………………………………………24
2.3.3 電解法…………………………………………………….27
2.3.4 穩定性二氧化氯的製備及活化………………….………28
2.3.5 二氧化氯產製定義……………………………………………30
2.4 二氧化氯的分析方法討論…………………………….……………32
2.4.1 碘量法………………………………….…………..………..35
2.4.2連續碘量法………………………..…….……….…………..40
參、實驗材料與方法…………………….................................................61
3.1 實驗材料……………………..............................................................61
3.1.1 實驗流程…………...................................................................61
3.1.2 設備……….............................................................................62
3.1.3 試藥……….................................................................................65
3.2 實驗方法……………………..............................................................66
3.2.1 原型機操作條件試驗…………….………………..................66
3.2.2 二氧化氯的檢測.........................................................................67
3.2.3 應用實驗……….......................................................................70
3.3 數據分析…………………….............................................................71
肆、結果與討論……...................................................................................72
4.1不同電解質之差異評估.........................................................................72
4.2田口法探討生產高純度二氧化氯之最佳條件…………..…..….79
4.3市售穩定性二氧化氯、亞氯酸鈉活化及衰退情形探討..................89
4.4 產製二氧化氯之殺菌與生產評估.......................................................102
伍、結論與建議……....................................................................................112
參考文獻................................................................................................113
作者簡介

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