臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

殘障者的形象經常遭到扭曲,以符合過於籠統、誇大、呆板,而且忽視個別性的刻板印象。
刻板銘刻常造成更嚴重的二度傷害。因此,對此一議題的深入探討乃當務之急。本論文的
第一章主要著重在刻板銘刻的一般性概念及『正常人』對『殘障人』刻板印象的形成。本
章從認知、動機和社會文化等層面來進行探索。第二章以廣泛的文學作品為佐證,從文學
作品的角度為出發,可以看出刻板偏見已深入各個不同的層面,不論是經典之作,抑是通俗
或兒童文學作品中處處皆可見到殘缺的刻畫。殘障者的形象囿限於既定的模式中,致使殘
缺的角色受到極負向或所謂『正向』的再現。從負向的角度描繪為殘暴的畸形人,或是自
怨自艾的可憐人,甚至是『正向』地塑造為『殘障超人』或聖潔之士。殘障角色若不是超
人就是次等人,鮮少為『有外在缺陷的正常人』。在第三章中,我以三部文學作品為例,探
討反制刻板銘刻的方法以消弭刻板印象所造成的誤解及傷害。經由較為中立且個別化的呈
現,文學上的再現可化為導正偏見的助力。刻板銘刻應受到質疑與顛覆,方能創造一個真正
的無障礙社會--身心上的無障礙空間。亦唯有如此,外在殘缺者才能達到殘而無障,缺而無
憾的境地。

The portrait of people with disabilities or deformities are oftentwisted
to conform the overgeneralized, exaggerated, and rigid stereotypeswhich overlo
ok variability and deny individuality. Stereotypes hurt. In orderto alleviat
e the additional suffering caused by stereotyping, a penetratingunderstanding
of this issue is in great demand. In Chapter I, I focus on the general con
ception of stereotyping, and theparticular origins of the stereotypes directed
toward people with visibledefects from the cognitive, motivational, and socio
cultural aspects. Then, inChapter II, I attempt to exemplify the disability/d
eformity stereotypes with agreat amount of literary works. From the defective
literary representations,we can see how the stereotypic attitudes have greatl
y penetrated into differentranges of literature--classical, popular, and child
ren''s literature. Disabled/deformed charactes are often readily fit into the
stereotypic models that precede them. They are repeatedly either negatively p
ortrayed as brutalmonsters or pathetic figures, or "positively" depicted as "s
uper crips" or virtuous creatures. These figures are, therefore, constantly r
endered as subhuman or superhuman, but rarely as "normal" people who happen to
have visible defects. In order to redress the misconception and reduce the i
njuriescaused by stereotypes, the possible solutions for countering stereotypi
ng arediscussed in Chapter III with the examples taken from three literary wor
ks. Literary representation can help resist stereotyping by providing more ne
utraland individuating information about the stigmatized people. Stereotyp
ing should be challenged so that people with disabilities/deformities do not h
ave to suffer more from the handicaps caused by the stereotypes than from thos
e imposed by their disabilities. Only when stereotypes are subverted, can we
constitute a true barrier-free society--asociety without attitudinal as well a
s physical barrier.