臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在台灣，蘭嶼、澎湖和小琉球都是穩定的綠蠵龜產卵地之一，這三個島嶼因地理位置的差異及島嶼形成的方式造就了環境上的不同，而這些不同的環境對海龜生活史中的生存策略扮演著非常重要的角色，因此我們想了解在這三個不同環境下孵化的稚龜，彼此間運動能力和型態上是否會有差異。
　　本實驗測量2014至2016於產卵季7~9月孵化稚龜的前肢長、背甲直線長、背甲曲線長、重量、爬行速率、游泳速率和自我翻身所花的時間，以量化三個產卵地所孵化稚龜的形態及運動能力，也進行各島環境資料的調查，以暸解環境如何影響型態及運動能力。結果顯示由於沙溫的高低，使得在稚龜的型態上三島間確實有所差異，望安孵化的稚龜最大最重，其次是蘭嶼，最後是小琉球。即使如此，大小並未呈現在運動能力上，蘭嶼的孵化稚龜爬行及游泳速率是最快的，其次是望安及小琉球。另外小琉球的孵化稚龜翻身速度最快，其次是望安，最後是蘭嶼。在前人研究中個體大小及運動能力通常會影響稚龜的生存率，但本實驗稚龜個體大小的差異並未反映在運動能力上，蘭嶼稚龜形態雖然不大，但運動能力卻是最強的，且在每個棲地上，主要影響運動能力的因子都不同，這可能是因為稚龜為了適應，各個棲地不同的選汰壓力及不同的海域環境所產生的結果。

Recent studies found that incubation environment can influence morphological characters and behavior of sea turtle hatchlings. In Taiwan, there are three major nesting sites; Wan-an Island, Lanyu Island and Liuqiu Island. Geographical location and environment vary from one island to the others. Thus, we would like to determine how the nesting environment influence the behavior and morphological characters of hatchlings among the three islands. We measured straight carapace length, curve carapace length, flippers length, body weight, swimming and crawling speeds as well as self-righting ability of the hatchlings. Results showed that the flippers length was longer in Wan-an and Lanyu rookeries than Liuqiu rookery. The hatchlings from Wan-an rookery had the longest carapace length and were the heaviest among three rookeries, followed by Lanyu rookery; and Liuqiu rookery. However, the hatchlings from Lanyu rookery crawl and swim faster than hatchlings from Wan-an and Liuqiu rookeries. The hatchlings from Liuqiu rookery had greater self-righting ability than Wan-an and Lanyu rookeries. There was a negative relationship between flippers length and crawling speed of the hatchlings from Wan-an rookeries. There was also a negative relationship between carapace length and swimming speed of the hatchlings in Wan-an rookery. The locomotion behavior, however, was not related to the size of hatchlings. This might relate to the fact that the hatchlings from Lanyu rookery had stronger locomotion ability than the other two rookeries, even though they are smaller in size. The differences in morphological characters and behavior might relate to the predation pressure and marine environment they encountered after the emergence from the nests.

摘要 I
Abstract II
圖次 V
表次 VI
第一章 前言 1
1.1 不同地理位置對海龜的影響 1
1.2 孵化環境對稚龜的影響 2
1.3 非生物因子 2
1.3.1 孵化溫度 2
1.3.2 沙子顆粒大小 2
1.3.3 濕度 3
1.4 生物因子 3
1.5 綠蠵稚龜躲避天敵的策略 3
1.6 前人研究 4
1.7 研究目的 5
第二章 材料與方法 6
2.1 實驗地點 6
2.1.1 台東縣蘭嶼鄉 6
2.1.2 屏東縣琉球鄉 6
2.1.3 澎湖縣望安鄉 6
2.2 實驗時間 7
2.3 卵窩標記 7
2.4 顆粒分析 7
2.5 稚龜的收集 8
2.6 稚龜的型態測量 8
2.7 稚龜的爬行測量 8
2.8 稚龜的游泳測量 9
2.9 稚龜翻身實驗 9
2.10 統計方式 9
第三章 結果 10
3.1 產卵棲地的環境資料 10
3.1.1 氣溫及沙溫 10
3.1.2 降雨量 10
3.1.3 卵窩溫度資料 10
3.1.4 顆粒分析 11
3.2 產卵地環境間之關係 11
3.3 稚龜基本資料 12
3.4 型態比較 12
3.5 運動能力比較 12
3.6 型態及運動能力的關聯性 13
3.6.1 爬行能力 13
3.6.2 自我翻身 13
3.6.3 游泳能力 14
3.7 環境因子與稚龜型態和行為間之關係 14
3.7.1 所有孵化稚龜與環境間之關係 14
3.7.1.1 型態 14
3.7.1.2 運動能力 15
3.7.2 各產卵島嶼綠蠵稚龜與環境間之關係 16
3.7.2.1 型態 16
3.7.2.2 運動能力 16
第四章 討論 17
4.1 三島產卵棲地環境比較 17
4.2 三島稚龜的大小比較 17
4.3 三島間之稚龜背甲長及重量的比較 18
4.4 各島稚龜前肢長的比較 18
4.5 三島所孵化稚龜的運動能力相較 18
4.5.1 爬行能力 19
4.5.2 翻身能力 20
4.5.3 游泳能力 21
第五章 結論 23
參考文獻 24
附表 34
附圖 52
附錄A 57
附錄B 58

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