臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的為了解大學生在愛情關係中的受傷害情感與其調節策略，並探討兩者與人際依附風格的關係。本研究採相關研究，抽取南部地區4所大學共756位大學生進行問卷施測，獲具有戀愛經驗的有效樣本407人。研究工具包含受傷害情感量表、受傷害情感調節策略量表及人際依附風格量表，應用統計軟體進行描述性分析、Hotelling T2考驗、單因子多變量分析及典型相關分析。根據統計分析結果歸納出研究結論：
1.大學生在愛情關係受傷害情感程度，以間接型受害最高，其次為忽略型受害，直接型受害最低。
2.大學生在愛情關係受傷害情感調節策略使用頻率，多寡依序為面對問題、轉移注意、負面情緒、自責因應、宣洩攻擊。
3.不同性別之大學生在愛情關係受傷害情感上有差異，女性的受傷害程度皆高於男性。
4.不同性別之大學生在愛情關係受傷害情感調節策略上有差異。女性在受傷害情感調節策略中使用「宣洩攻擊」與「負面情緒」的頻率高於男性。
5.大學生愛情關係受傷害情感與其調節策略之間具有典型相關。忽略型、間接型、直接型三種受害，與負面情緒、自責因應兩種調節策略相互正向影響；忽略型受害與自責因應調節策略相互正向影響。
6.大學生人際依附風格與愛情關係受傷害情感之間具有典型相關。焦慮依附風格與忽略型、間接型、直接型三種受害相互正向影響；高逃避、低安全依附與直接型受害相互正向影響。
7.大學生人際依附風格與愛情關係受傷害情感調節策略之間具有典型相關。高焦慮、高逃避、低安全依附與自責因應相互正向影響；低焦慮依附與低面對問題相互正向影響；排除依附與高轉移注意、低宣洩攻擊相互正向影響。
最後，本研究根據研究結果，提出對教育輔導實務與未來研究之建議。

The purpose of this study was to investigate college students’ hurt feelings and hurt feeling regulation strategies in love relationship as well as their relationships with attachment styles. Seven hundred and fifty six college students sampled from four universities in southern Taiwan participated the survey. It resulted 407 valid samples who had love experiences. The questionnaire comprised the Attachment Styles Questionnaire, the Hurt Feelings in Love Relationship Scale, and the Hurt Feeling Regulation Strategies Scale. The statistical methods for analyzing the data included descriptive statistics, Hotelling T2 test, one-way multivariate analysis of variance, and canonical correlation analysis. The main findings of the study were as follows:
1. The degree of college students’ hurt feelings in love relationship varied with the type of hurt. The indirect hurt caused the highest degree of hurt feeling, followed by the ignorant hurt, the direct hurt caused the lowest.
2. The frequencies of college students’ hurt feeling regulation strategies in love relationship, from high to low, were facing problem, diverting attention, dipping in bad mood, self-blaming, and venting in sequence.
3. Gender differences were found on college students’ hurt feelings in love relationship. Female students had more hurt feelings than male students.
4. Gender differences were found on college students’ hurt feeling regulation strategies in love relationship. Female students used more venting and dipping in bad mood strategies than male students.
5. Canonical correlation was found between college students’ hurt feelings and hurt feeling regulation strategies in love relationship. Hurt feelings in ignorant, indirect, and direct hurt correlated positively with dipping in bad mood and self-blaming strategies. Hurt feeling in ignorant hurt correlated positively with self-blaming strategy.
6. Canonical correlation was found between college students’ attachment styles and hurt feelings in love relationship. Anxious attachment style correlated positively with hurt feelings in ignorant, indirect, and direct hurt. High avoidant attachment style and low secure attachment style correlated positively with hurt feeling in direct hurt.
7. Canonical correlation was found between college students’ attachment styles and hurt feeling regulation strategies in love relationship. High anxious attachment style, high avoidant attachment style and low secure attachment style correlated positively with self-blaming strategy. Low anxious attachment style correlated positively with low facing problem strategy. Avoidant attachment style correlated positively with high diverting attention strategy and low venting strategy.
Finally, based upon the findings, the researcher provides concrete suggestions for educational/counseling practices and further studies.

致謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 V
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 3
第三節 名詞釋義 3

第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 受傷害情感 6
第二節 受傷害情感調節策略 10
第三節 人際依附風格與愛情關係 19

第三章 研究方法 25
第一節 研究架構與研究假設 25
第二節 研究對象 26
第三節 研究工具 27
第四節 研究流程 38
第五節 資料分析 40

第四章 研究結果與討論 42
第一節 大學生愛情關係受傷害情感與其調節策略的現況 42
第二節 不同性別的大學生在受傷害情感與其調節策略上之差異情形 46
第三節 不同年級的大學生在受傷害情感與其調節策略上之差異情形 48
第四節 愛情關係受傷害情感與其調節策略的相關情形 49
第五節 人際依附風格與愛情關係受傷害情感的相關情形 52
第六節 人際依附風格與愛情關係受傷害情感調節策略的相關情形 55
第七節 綜合討論 59

第五章 結論與建議 65
第一節 研究結論 65
第二節 研究限制 68
第三節 建議 69

參考文獻 71

附錄一 人際依附風格量表使用同意書 78
附錄二 預試問卷 79
附錄三 正式問卷 83

中文文獻
方平、李改、劉金秀（2007）。大學生情緒調節方式的調查與分析。教師教育研究，19(5)，60-65。
王春展（1999）。兒童情緒智力發展之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立政治大學，臺北市。
王春展（2004）。台灣地區大學生情緒智慧、憂鬱傾向與情緒調整策略之研究。嘉南學報（人文類），30，443-460。
王郁茗、王慶福（2007）。大學生知覺其人際依附風格對愛情關係適應之影響。教育心理學報，38(4)，397-415。
王慶福（1995）。大學生愛情關係徑路模式之分析研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立彰化師範大學，彰化市。
王慶福（2000）。當男孩愛上女孩─人際依附風格類型搭配、愛情關係與關係適應之研究。中華輔導學報，8，177-201。
王慶福、王郁茗（2010）。台灣當今的依附研究：系統性回顧與後設分析（專題演講）。2010第二屆國際心理治療研究學會台灣分會(TWSPR)國際學術研討會。南投縣：暨南大學。
王慶福、林幸台、張德榮（1997）。人際依附風格、性別角色取向與人際親密能力之評量。測驗年刊，44(2), 63-78。
江文慈（2000）。情緒調整模式的驗證與分析。世新大學人文與社會期刊，2，117-146 。
江文慈（2004）。大學生的情緒調整歷程與發展特徵。教育心理學報，35(3)， 249-268。
呂萱（2014）。從依附理論探討親密關係型態之代間循環現象。諮商與輔導， 345，14-18。
李佳儒、林清文（2015）。兒童負向情緒調節策略量表編製研究。教育心理學報，47(1)，1-21。
沈慶鴻（1997）。婚姻暴力代間傳遞之分析研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立彰化師範大學，彰化市。
陳淑惠、林耀盛、洪福建、曾旭民（2000）。九二一震災後受創者社會心理反應之分析─兼論「變」與「不變」間的心理社會文化意涵。社會文化學報，10，35-60。
邱嘉慧（2001）。少年小說中負向情緒之因應策略分析─以1996-2000年台灣本土中篇小說為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立東華大學，花蓮縣。
洪福源（2012）。大學生傷害性情感事件與因應策略關係之研究調查。輔導與諮商學報，34(2)，68-65。
洪福源（2014）。大學生傷害他人情感事件、受傷害性情感事件與自尊、人格特質係之研究。輔導與諮商學報，36(2)， 1-20。
苗金鳳、袁忠蘭、孟繁番（2008）。大學生的情緒調節方式及其對人際交往的影響。遼寧師範大學學報（社會科學版），31(4)，48-51。
孫頌賢、修慧蘭（2007）。成人依附的測量：成人世界中不同依附對象的測量差異與關連。中華心理衛生學刊，20(1)，31-51。
徐米純（2013）。親密關係中青少年自傷行為之初探（未出版之碩士論文）。國立東華大學，花蓮縣。
翁力齡（2011）。大學生人際傷害程度、與傷害者間親密感及寬恕之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。淡江大學，新北市。
張芳熒（2004）。愛情關係中對方衝突管理方式與自身關係滿意度之關聯（未出版之碩士論文）。輔仁大學，新北市。
郭興偉（2014）。大學生的依附風格與失戀調適之相關：以社會支持為調節變項（未出版之碩士論文）。中山醫學大學，臺中市。
陳雅雪（2009）。從依附關係淺談幼兒人際關係。家庭教育雙月刊，20，38-44。
陳俐伶（2012）。大學生自我分化與不同親密關係情境下人際行為之關係研究（未出版之碩士論文）。臺北市立大學，臺北市。
黃碧慧（2001）。大學生依附風格、愛情關係中之壓力事件困擾與因應策略之關係研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
蕭可音（2005）。高中生對於傷害者之寬恕及其相關因素探討（未出版之碩士論文）。國立台北護理學院，臺北市。
謝淑惠（2016）。國中學生情感性傷害與內外化行為問題之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。大葉大學，彰化縣。
謝翠祝（2007）。遭受人際傷害之國小學童其寬恕態度、生活適應與憂鬱傾向之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立新竹教育大學，新竹市。

英文文獻
Ainsworth, M. D. (1989). Attachment Beyond Infancy. American Psychologist, 44(4), 709-716.
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., ＆ Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Andersen, P. A., & Guerrero, L. K. (1998). Handbook of Communication and Emotion: Research, Theory, Applications, and Contexts. San Diego: Academic Press.
Bartholomew, K. (1990). Avoid of intimacy: An attachment perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 147-178.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226-244.
Blanchard-Fields F., & Coats, A. H. (2008). The experience of anger and sadness in everyday problems impacts age differences in emotion regulation. Developmental Psychology, 44, 1547-56.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment. Attachment and loss. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Separation: Anxiety and Anger. Attachment and loss. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1979). The making & breaking of affectional bonds. London: Tavistock Publications.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Loss, sadness and depression. Attachment and Loss. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp.46-76). New York: The Guilford Press.
Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses on individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behavior Research and Therapy, 44, 1251-1263.
Carden, A. D. (1994). Wife Abuse and the Wife Abuser Review and Recommendations. The Counseling Psychologist, 22(4), 539-582.
Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 73-100.
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment working models and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644-663.
Duemmler, S. L., & Kobak, R. (2001). The development of commitment and attachment in dating relationships: Attachment security as relationship construct. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 401-415.
Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., Spinrad, T. L., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Reiser, M., Murphy, B. C., Losoya, S. H., & Guthrie, I. K. (2001). The relations of regulation and emotionality to children’s externalizing and internalizing problem behavior. Child development, 72(4), 1112-1134.
Enright, R.D., & The Human Development Study Group (1991). The moral development of forgiveness. In W. Kurtines & J. Gerwirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Feeney, J. A. (1999). Adult attachment, emotional control, and marital satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 6, 169–185.
Feeney, J. A. (2004). Hurt feelings in couple relationships: Towards integrative models of the negative effects of hurtful events. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21, 487–508.
Feeney, J. A. (2005). Hurt feelings in couple relationships: Exploring therole of attachment and perceptions of personal injury. Personal Relationships, 12, 253–271.
Feeney, J. A., & Noller, P. (1996). Adult Attachment. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Gross, J. J. (2001). Emotion regulation in adulthood: Timing is everything. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6), 214-219.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362.
Gross, J. J., & Muñoz, R. F. (1995). Emotion regulation and mental health. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 2, 151-164.
Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (pp.3-24). New York: Guilford Press.
Gross, J. J., Richards, J. M., & John, O. P. (2006). Emotion regulation in everyday life. In D. K. Snyder, J. A. Simpson & J. N. Hughes (Eds.), Emotion regulation in couples and families: Pathways to dysfunction and health (pp.13-35). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Haga, S., Kraft, P., & E. Corby, E. (2009). Emotion regulation: Antecedents and well-being outcomes of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in cross-cultural samples. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 271-291
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic Love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Target Article, Psychological Inquiry, 5, 1-22.
Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition & Emotion, 24, 281–298.
Keelan, J. P. R., Dion, K. L., & Dion, K. K. (1994). Attachment style and heterosexual relationships among young adults: A short-term panel study. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 11(2), 201-214.
Larsen, R. J. (2000). Toward a science of mood regulation. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 129–141.
Leary, M. R., & Springer, C. (2001). Hurt feeling: The neglected emotion. In R. M. Kowalski (Ed.), Behaving badly: Aversive behavior in interpersonal relationships. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Leary, M. R., Haupt, A. L., Strausser, K. S., & Chokel, J. T. (1998). Calibrating the sociometer: The relationship between interpersonal appraisals and state self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1290-1299.
Leary, M. R., Springer, C., Negel, L., Ansell, E., & Evans, K. (1998). The causes, phenomenology, and consequences of hurt feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1225-1237.
McClellan, A .C., & Killen, M. R. (2000). Attachment theory and violence toward women by male intimate partners. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 32(4), 353-360.
McCullough, R. E., Root, L.M., & Cohen, A. D. (2006). Writing about the benefits of an interpersonal transgression facilitates forgiveness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 887-897.
Ng, W., & Diener, E. (2009). Personality differences in emotions does emotion regulation play a role? Journal of Individual Differences, 30, 100-106.
Ong, A. D., Bergeman, C. S., Bisconti, T. L., & Wallace, K. (2006). Psychological resilience, positive emotions, and successful adaptation to stress in later life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 730-749.
Shaver, P., Schwartz, J., Kirson, D., & O’Connor, C. (1987). Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1061-1086.
Simpson, J. A. (1990). Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 971-980.
Thompson, R. A. (1991). Enotion regulation and enotional development. Educational Psychology Review, 3, 269-307.
Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of a definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25-52.
Vangelisti, A. L. (1994). Messages that hurt. In W. R. Cupach & B. H. In Spitzberg (Eds.), The dark side of interpersonal communication (pp.53-82). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Vangelisti, A. L. (2001). Making sense of hurtful interactions in close relationships. In V. Manusov & J. H. Harvey (Eds.), Attribution, communication behavior, and close relationships (pp. 38-58). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Vangelisti, A. L., & Young, S. L. (2000). When words hurt: The effects of perceived intentionality on interpersonal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17, 393-424.
Zeanah, C. H., & Zeanah, P. D. (1989). Intergenerational transmission of maltreatment: Insights from attachment theory and research. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 52(2), 177-196.