臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

蘆氏葉蟎(Tetranychus ludeni Zacher)廣泛分布於亞熱帶地區，其寄主作物超過300種以上，且近年來在台灣地區之多種作物或雜草上發現其為害。此葉蟎發育速度快、世代短且繁殖力高，故促使其族群增長快速，然而現今對此葉蟎管理的資訊卻相當缺乏。南方小黑花椿象(Orius strigicollis (Poppius))是本土常見捕食性椿象，為防治葉蟎的天敵之一。本研究利用蘆氏葉蟎於茄子上之生長表現，透過年齡齡期兩性生命表理論進行該族群特性分析，並以南方小黑花椿象針對該葉蟎之不同齡期、密度及不同天敵與食餌釋放比例(1：60、2：60及3：60)，測定其對於蘆氏葉蟎之防治效果。在室內恆溫25°C生長箱內，蘆氏葉蟎在茄子葉上的淨繁殖率(R0)、內在增值率(r)、終極增值率(λ)及平均世代時間(T)分別為36.56子代、0.2260天-1、1.2537天-1及16.0天。而南方小黑花椿象取食蘆氏葉蟎卵、幼蟎及後若蟎三者間，並無因食餌體型大小或是行動能力而有顯著性差異，且在捕食後若蟎的特性呈現第二型功能反應，攻擊速率(attack rate, a)與處理時間(handling time, Th)分別為0.1465小時-1及0.1176小時。本研究結果顯示蘆氏葉蟎在茄子上可快速建立族群，在台灣具有成為嚴重害蟲的潛力。於天敵釋放比率實驗中，以天敵：食餌比率為2：60的處理組效果最佳，於釋放天敵一天後對葉蟎數量產生75.2%抑制率，三天後呈現98.6%抑制率。

Tetranychus ludeni Zacher distributes throughout the sub-tropic and tropic areas, it has been recorded from over than 300 host plant species worldwide. Recently, this spider mite has been frequently found on many vegetable crops as well as on weeds in Taiwan. The population of T. ludeni increases fast because of short generation time and high fecundity, while, there is little information regarding to its demography and management has been addressed. Orius strigicollis (Poppius), a commonly acariphagous bug, has been used as biological control agent against spider mites. The population characteristics of T. ludeni and the augmentation strategy of O. strigicollis would be a critical issue for biological control. Demographic characteristics of T. ludeni on eggplant, Solanum melongena L., will be determined based on age-stage two-sex life table. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) of T. ludeni feeding on eggplant leaves was 36.56 offspring, 0.2260 d-1, 1.2537 d-1, and 16.0 days. Even though the significant differences of dimension and mobility among stages, there was no significant difference of predacious preference observed in O. strigicollis adults to the egg, larva, or deutonymph stage of T. ludeni. O. strigicollis showed the type II functional response to deutonymph of T. ludeni. The attack rate (a) and handling time (Th) were 0.165 h-1 and 0.1176 h, respectively. This study shows that T. ludeni has the potential to become a serious pest in Taiwan and could establish population in a short period. O. strigicollis could consume all stages of spider mite, the optimal release rate of O. strigicollis against T. ludeni was 2: 60 with a 75.2% reduction of prey density in 24 hours post releasing, and consequently effectively decreased 98.6% in 72 hours later.

摘要………………………………………………………………….………...…………i
Abstract……………………………………………………...……….....………………ii
Contents…………………………………………………...……….......……….………iii
List of figures………………………………………... ...……...…….…………………v
List of tables……………………………………….. ...……….……….………………vi
List of appendix……………………………………………………………………….vii
Introduction.………………………………………...………………………...…….….1
Materials and Methods……………………………...…………………………………4
1. Plant culture……………..……………………...……………………...………4
2. Colonies of T. ludeni, O. strigicollis and C. cautella ………………..….……..4
3. Life table study of T. ludeni on eggplant leaves………………………………5
4. Functional response of O. strigicollis to T. ludeni…………………………….5
5. Effect of prey’s stage and body size on preference of O. strigicollis………...6
6. Release ratio of O. strigicollis to T. ludeni…………………………………….6
7. Data analysis……………………………………………………………………7
7.1.　Analysis of life table study………………………………………………7
7.2.　Analysis of functional response………………………………………...8
7.3. Statiscal analysis…………………………………………………….......9
Results……………………………………………………………………………….....10
1. Morphology of T. ludeni…………………………………………………….....10
2. Life table study of T. ludeni on eggplant leaves………………………………10
3. Functional response of O. strigicollis to T. ludeni……………………………11
4. Prey preference of O. strigicollis varied with stages of T. ludeni……………12
5. Release ratio of O. strigicollis to T. ludeni…………………………………….12
Discussion…………………………………………………………………….………..14
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………..21
References…………………………………………………………………………..….22
Figures and tables……………………………………………………………………..36
Appendix. 1. Experimental arena of T. ludeni life table. …………………………...45

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