臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的主要目的有四項：（一）探討國中生之同儕關係、人際壓力因應策略與生活適應各變項間的相關情形。（二）探討國中生在同儕關係、人際壓力因應策略與生活適應各變項上的性別差異情形。（三）探討國中生之性別、同儕關係、人際壓力因應策略與生活適應的關係。（四）瞭解國中生在遇到同儕排斥的問題時，使用各種人際壓力因應策略的情形。
本研究採用問卷調查法進行資料蒐集，所使用的研究工具包括「友誼品質問卷」、「人際壓力因應策略問卷」、「自尊量表」及「賴氏人格測驗」。研究樣本為台北市、桃園縣、新竹縣、新竹市之六所國民中學的二年級學生，共計1238名（男生625人、女生613人）。所得資料以因素分析、皮爾森積差相關、主成份分析、描述統計、獨立樣本t檢定、階層迴歸分析及逐步迴歸分析等統計方法加以處理。
本研究以「客觀同儕接納」、「主觀同儕接納」及「友誼品質」作為同儕關係的指標，以「內化問題」及「攻擊性」作為生活適應的指標，人際壓力因應策略則區分為五種類型，分別是「問題解決」、「尋求社會支持」、「負面情緒與自責」、「漠視與逃避」、「發洩情緒」。綜合研究結果，本研究主要發現如下：
一、三種同儕關係指標、五種人際壓力因應策略及生活適應各變項之間的相關，大多達顯著。
二、三種同儕關係指標、五種人際壓力因應策略及生活適應各變項的性別差異，大多達顯著。
三、性別不會調節三種同儕關係指標與「內化問題」的關係。
四、性別會調節「主觀同儕接納」與「攻擊性」的關係；但性別不會調節「客觀同儕接納」與「攻擊性」的關係、以及「友誼品質」與「攻擊性」的關係。
五、性別不會調節五種人際壓力因應策略與生活適應的關係。
六、五種人際壓力因應策略、「主觀同儕接納」及「友誼品質」不會調節「客觀同儕接納」與生活適應的關係。
七、性別、同儕關係與人際壓力因應策略對生活適應有顯著的預測力。
最後，研究者根據研究結果，提出具體建議，以做為未來相關研究與國中生教育輔導之參考。

The main purposes of this study were: (1) to examine the correlations among the variables of peer relationships, interpersonal stress coping strategies and adjustment in junior high school students. (2) to examine the gender differences among the variables of peer relationships, interpersonal stress coping strategies and adjustment in junior high school students. (3) to explore the relations among gender, peer relationships, interpersonal stress coping strategies and adjustment in junior high school students. (4) to find out what coping strategies junior high students use to cope with peer rejection.
The present study used questionnaire method to collect data. Four measures were adopted to assess the constructs of interest. The four measures were Friendship Quality Questionnaire, Interpersonal Stress Coping Strategies Questionnaire, Self-Esteem Scale and The Lai’s Personality Test. The participants were 1238 second-grade junior high school students (625 boys, 613 girls) from six schools distributed among Taipei City, Taoyuan County, Hsinchu County and Hsinchu City. The data obtained in this study were analyzed by factor analysis, Pearson correlation, principal components analysis, descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, hierarchical regression and stepwise regression.
In this study, the three indexes of peer relationships were objective peer acceptance, subjective peer acceptance and friendship quality. The two indexes of adjustment were internalizing problem and aggression. The five categories of stress coping strategies were problem solving, seeking social support, negative emotions and self-blame, ignorance and avoidance, and venting. The findings of this study were as follows:
1.The correlations among the variables of peer relationships, interpersonal stress coping strategies and adjustment were mostly significant.
2.The gender differences among the variables of peer relationships, interpersonal stress coping strategies and adjustment were mostly significant.
3.Gender couldn’t moderate the relation between each index of peer relationships and internalizing problem.
4.Gender could moderate the relation between subjective peer acceptance and aggression, but gender couldn’t moderate the relation between objective peer acceptance and aggression, and the relation between friendship quality and aggression.
5.Gender couldn’t moderate the relation between each kind of coping strategies and internalizing problem.
6.The five coping strategies, subjective peer acceptance and friendship quality couldn’t moderate the relation between objective peer acceptance and adjustment.
7.Gender, peer relationships and coping strategies could predict adjustment significantly.
At last, based on the findings, several suggestions were proposed for further researchers and educators.

中文摘要
英文摘要
第一章　緒論
第一節　研究動機與目的…………………………………………………1
第二節　研究問題與假設…………………………………………………8
第三節　名詞解釋…………………………………………………………11
第二章　文獻探討
第一節　同儕關係與生活適應的關係……………………………………16
第二節　同儕關係與壓力歷程……………………………………………30
第三節　因應與生活適應的關係…………………………………………36
第四節　同儕關係與因應的關係…………………………………………45
第五節　人際壓力調節變項………………………………………………48
第三章　方法
第一節　研究架構…………………………………………………………53
第二節　研究對象…………………………………………………………56
第三節　研究工具…………………………………………………………59
第四節　研究程序…………………………………………………………74
第五節　資料分析…………………………………………………………76
第四章　結果
第一節　國中生的同儕關係、人際壓力因應策略與生活適應各變項間的相關分析……………………………………………………………………77
第二節　國中生在同儕關係、人際壓力因應策略與生活適應各變項上的性別差異分析………………………………………………………………82
第三節　性別的調節效果分析……………………………………………86
第四節　人際壓力因應策略、「主觀同儕接納」及「友誼品質」的調節效果分析……………………………………………………………………91
第五節　國中生的性別、同儕關係與人際壓力因應策略對生活適應的預測力分析……………………………………………………………………101
第六節　「人際壓力因應策略問卷」題項的描述統計分析……………104
第五章　討論
第一節　國中生的同儕關係、人際壓力因應策略與生活適應各變項間的相關情形……………………………………………………………………106
第二節　國中生在同儕關係、人際壓力因應策略與生活適應各變項上的性別差異情形………………………………………………………………119
第三節　性別的調節效果分析結果………………………………………123
第四節 人際壓力因應策略、「主觀同儕接納」及「友誼品質」的調節效果分析結果………………………………………………………………129
第五節　國中生的性別、同儕關係與人際壓力因應策略對生活適應的預測力…………………………………………………………………………132
第六節　國中生人際壓力因應策略的使用情形…………………………135
第六章　結論與建議
第一節　結論………………………………………………………………137
第二節　建議………………………………………………………………146
參考文獻
中文部份……………………………………………………………………151
英文部份……………………………………………………………………153
附錄
附錄一 生活經驗預試問卷………………………………………………158
附錄二 研究工具項目分析結果…………………………………………163
附錄三 研究工具因素分析結果…………………………………………165
附錄四 生活經驗正式問卷………………………………………………168
附錄五 量表及問卷修訂同意書…………………………………………175
附表目次
表3-3-1 「友誼品質問卷」有效預試樣本人數分配表………………56
表3-3-2 「人際壓力因應策略問卷」有效預試樣本人數分配表……57
表3-3-3 正式研究樣本學校名稱一覽表………………………………58
表3-3-4 有效樣本之性別及學校人數分布……………………………58
表3-4-1 「友誼品質問卷」因素分析結果……………………………66
表3-4-2 「人際壓力因應策略問卷」因素分析結果…………………71
表4-1-1 研究樣本在各個變項得分的相關係數表……………………78
表4-2-1 研究樣本在同儕關係各指標的平均數、標準差及平均數差異t檢定…………………………………………………………………………83
表4-2-2 研究樣本在人際壓力因應策略各類型的平均數、標準差及平均數差異t檢定………………………………………………………………84
表4-2-3 研究樣本在生活適應各指標的平均數、標準差及平均數差異t檢定…………………………………………………………………………85
表4-3-1 性別與同儕關係的交互作用對「內化問題」的影響之階層迴歸分析…………………………………………………………………………87
表4-3-2 性別與同儕關係的交互作用對「攻擊性」的影響之階層迴歸分析……………………………………………………………………………88
表4-3-3 性別與人際壓力因應策略的交互作用對「內化問題」的影響之階層迴歸分析………………………………………………………………89
表4-3-4 性別與人際壓力因應策略的交互作用對「攻擊性」的影響之階層迴歸分析…………………………………………………………………90
表4-4-1 「客觀同儕接納」與人際壓力因應策略的交互作用對「內化問題」的影響之階層迴歸分析………………………………………………92
表4-4-2 「客觀同儕接納」與人際壓力因應策略的交互作用對「攻擊性」的影響之階層迴歸分析………………………………………………94
表4-4-3 「客觀同儕接納」與「主觀同儕接納」的交互作用對「內化問題」的影響之階層迴歸分析………………………………………………96
表4-4-4 「客觀同儕接納」與「主觀同儕接納」的交互作用對「攻擊性」的影響之階層迴歸分析………………………………………………97
表4-4-5 「客觀同儕接納」與「友誼品質」的交互作用對「內化問題」的影響之階層迴歸分析……………………………………………………98
表4-4-6 「客觀同儕接納」與「友誼品質」的交互作用對「攻擊性」的影響之階層迴歸分析………………………………………………………99
表4-5-1 國中生的性別、同儕關係與人際壓力因應策略對「內化問題」的多元逐步迴歸分析………………………………………………………102
表4-5-2 國中生的性別、同儕關係、人際壓力因應策略對「攻擊性]的多元逐步迴歸分析…………………………………………………………103
表4-6-1 「人際壓力因應策略問卷」各題的平均數與標準差………104
附圖目次
圖2-2-1 壓力歷程…………………………………………………………32
圖2-2-2 完整的壓力歷程…………………………………………………33
圖3-1-1 研究架構I………………………………………………………54
圖3-1-2 研究架構II………………………………………………………54
圖3-1-3 研究架構III……………………………………………………55
圖3-1-4 研究架構IV………………………………………………………55
圖5-3-1 「性別×主觀同儕接納」的交互作用對「攻擊性」的影響…124

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