臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
本研究的目的在探討目前國內臨床工作上使用WAIS-R六個分測驗簡縮式之有效性。研究的施測工具WAIS-R，採用花茂棽博士所修訂的十個分測驗（因詞彙測驗未經修訂，故未施測）。本研究分為三個子研究，「研究一」、「研究二」、及「研究三」。「研究一」：因WAIS-R在國內一直未經標準化以及建立國內的常模，所以試圖以WISC-Ⅲ（中文版）為效標，受試者為36位16歲的高職學生，間隔約41天依對抗平衡法先後施測WAIS-R（中譯本）及WISC-Ⅲ（中文版），考驗這兩種智力量表所得智商之相似性。結果顯示，WAIS-R（中譯本）及WISC-Ⅲ（中文版）之間的語文智商、操作智商及全量表智商並不相似，且WAIS-R（中譯本）有高估的現象。「研究二」及「研究三」分別以一般成年人及精神分裂症為受試者，兩群體的受試者均施測WAIS-R（中譯本）。以四個判準，即實際智商與估計智商之間有高相關、平均數沒有顯著差異、智商分類正確率高及絕對差異值，來檢驗WAIS-R（中譯本）六個分測驗簡縮式的效度。「研究二」：一般成年人共45人，結果發現，十個分測驗與六個分測驗簡縮示所估計的語文智商、操作智商及全量表智商的相關係數分別是 .94、.89 及 .93，有相當高的相關，而智商分類正確率為58％，有偏低的現象，六個分測驗簡縮式所估計的智商高估6.7智商分數。「研究三」：精神分裂症病患共45人，結果發現，十個分測驗與六個分測驗簡縮示所估計的語文智商、操作智商及全量表智商的相關係數分別是 .97、.96 及 .98，有很高的相關，而智商分類正確率為84.4％，六個分測驗簡縮式所估計的智商高估3.8智商分數。結論是，六個分測驗簡縮示所估計的智商對精神分裂症的有效性較佳，或許可適用於精神分裂症做為篩選工具，不過仍需進一步研究。

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to explore the validation of the WAIS-R short form (including six subtests) commonly used in Taiwan. The Chinese WAIS-R ten-subtest version (excluding Vocabulary), revised by Dr. Mau-Sun Hua, was employed. There are 3 studies in this project. Study 1 : Since WAIS-R has not been standardized in Taiwan, WISC-III (Chinese version) is used as the validity criterion. Both the Chinese versions of the WAIS-R and WISC-III were administered separately to 36 high school students (age 16) with a time difference of about 41 days. A counterbalanced research design was used. Results indicated that there were significant differences between the two scales on Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and Full Scale IQ respectively. Moreover, the WAIS-R (Chinese version) tented to overestimate the IQ scores. In studies 2 and 3 only the WAIS-R (Chinese version) was administered. The following 4 criteria were used to investigate the validation of the six-subtest short form: high correlation between the actual and estimated IQ scores, no difference between the mean IQ scores, high percentage of correct category classification, and absolute values of the difference between the actual and estimated IQ scores. Study 2 : The sample was 45 normal adults. Results indicated that the correlation between the ten-subtest and six-subtest versions for the Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and Full Scale IQ were .94, .89,and .93 respectively, which were acceptably high. However, the correct category classification rate was a low 58%. The six-subtest short form overestimated the Full Scale IQ by 6.7 points. Study 3 : The sample was 45 schizophrenic patients. Results indicated that the correlations between the ten-subtest and six-subtest versions for the Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and Full Scale IQ were .97, .96, and .98 respectively, which were acceptably high. The correct category classification rate was 84.4%. The six-subtest short form overestimated the Full Scale IQ by 3.8 points. In summary, the six-subtest short form showed better Full Scale IQ estimation for schizophrenic patients than normal adults. Nevertheless, further research is needed to validate its use for screening purposes.

目 錄
第一章緒論：研究動機與目的………………………………..1
第二章文獻探討
第一節傳統智力理論……………………………………..7
第二節WAIS-R簡縮式發展的目的……………………….15
第三節WAIS-R簡縮式的種類…………………………….18
第四節評估WAIS-R簡縮式的因素………………………26
第五節WAIS-R簡縮式估計全量表智商的方式………….39
第六節如何以WAIS-R簡縮式之分測驗量表分數來評估顯著的分測驗散佈？……………………………..46
第七節總結與研究問題…………………………………..49
第八節研究假設…………………………………………..51
第三章研究方法
第一節研究設計…………………………………………..53
第二節研究對象…………………………………………..54
第三節研究工具…………………………………………..58
第四節實施程序…………………………………………..62
第五節資料分析…………………………………………..63
第四章研究結果
第一節WAIS-R（中譯本）與WISC-Ⅲ（中文版）之相關情形………………………………………………..65
第二節六個分測驗縮式所估計之智商對一般成年人的有效性………………………………………………..68
第三節六個分測驗縮式所估計之智商對精神分裂症的有效性………………………………………………..70
第五章討論
第一節討論………………………………………………..73
第二節結論………………………………………………..90
第三節研究限制與建議…………………………………..93
參考文獻
一、中文部分……………………………………………….96
二、英文部分……………………………………………….96
附 錄
附錄一事前訓練…………………………………………..107
附錄二WAIS-R（中譯本）施測的指導與計分…………..108
附錄三說明書與同意書…………………………………..155
附錄四基本資料（A、B、和C表）……………………..157
附錄五施測次序總和之絕對差異值的次數分配表……..159
附錄六「研究一」之重複量數多變量變異數分析（MANOVA）………………………………………..160
表 目 錄
表 2-1WAIS-R不同樣本之兩因素轉軸後負荷量…………12
表 2-2WAIS-R不同樣本之三因素轉軸後負荷量…………13
表 2-3WAIS-R在一般智力因素之負荷量…………………14
表 2-4由常識測驗分數決定七個WAIS-R分測驗的開始題數……………………………………………………. 22
表 2-5WAIS-R簡縮式摘要表………………………………24
表 2-6WAIS-R簡縮式效度研究摘要表……………………28
表 2-7研究選用之九種WAIS-R簡縮式…………………..48
表 3-1第一群體有效樣本人數分配表…………………….55
表 3-2第一群體之人數、性別、年齡及施測間隔………..55
表 3-3第二群體之人數、性別、年齡及教育水準………..56
表 3-4第三群體之醫療單位、病房、性別及人數………..56
表 3-5第三群體之人數、性別、年齡及教育水準……….. 57
表 3-6「研究一」、「研究二」及「研究三」樣本人數、性別分配表……………………………………….57
表 3-7WAIS-R（中譯本）的分測驗與說明………………..59
表 3-8WAIS-R（中譯本）的修訂試題題數及題號一覽表..60
表 3-9WISC-Ⅲ（中文版）的分測驗與說明………………61
表 4-116歲年齡樣本WAIS-R（中譯本）與WISC-Ⅲ（中文版）之量表分數和智商：平均數和標準差……..66
表 4-2WAIS-R（中譯本）與WISC-Ⅲ（中文版）之智商範圍、平均數、標準差及差值……………………..67
表 4-3WAIS-R（中譯本）與WISC-Ⅲ（中文版）之效標關聯效度…………………………………………….68
表 4-4一般成年人WAIS-R（中譯本）簡縮式之統計資料表…………………………………………………….69
表 4-5一般成年人WAIS-R（中譯本）絕對差異值的次數分配表……………………………………………….70
表 4-6精神分裂症WAIS-R（中譯本）簡縮式之統計資料表…………………………………………………….71
表 4-7精神分裂症WAIS-R（中譯本）絕對差異值的次數分配表………………………………………………. 72
表 5-1魏氏成人智力量表之最佳和隨機簡縮式的效度….79
表 5-2「研究二」與「研究三」之智商及分類正確率比較表………………………………………………….85
表 5-3「研究二」與「研究三」分測驗之量表分數…….85
表 5-4WAIS-R簡縮式中一般成年人基本資料摘要表…….87
表 5-5WAIS-R簡縮式中精神分裂症基本資料摘要表…….88

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